Chapter 18: Money Shortage
Zhao Ji has been watching the Zen Master of Bao'en go away, and he can't help but rejoice, he has been in the Song Dynasty for so long, and someone has finally come to defect. A person of insight stands under his command, how can the change not be successful?
And Wang Anshi on the side was more excited than Zhao Ji. When you show your ambitions and meet the Lord, how can you not be excited? Although Zhao Ji did not completely listen to Wang Anshi at all times, Wang Anshi saw a good emperor who knew how to weigh, how to judge the situation, and how to understand the difficulties of people's livelihood.
Zhao Ji has never objected to Wang Anshi, even if he has an opinion, he still says the problem, and looks like he is asking Wang Anshi for advice. Most of the time, Wang Anshi was persuaded by Zhao Ji in this way. In Wang Anshi's eyes, Zhao Ji is not persuading him, but supporting him in a better way.
The new school advocated by Wang Anshi is very pragmatic, and it is very angry with Zhao Ji, a Marxist, and similarly, Zhao Ji is also very angry with Wang Anshi. In history, Wang Anshi discussed the plan for changing the law with Lu Huiqing and others, and then persuaded the emperor to fight with Sima Guang's old party. And the current situation is that the promoter of the change has almost become Zhao Xu, not Wang Anshi himself. The object of the conservatives' struggle has changed to Zhao Ji, not Wang Anshi. Cho's threat of force forced the conservative ministers of the DPRK and China to move closer to Wang Anshi. But Wang Anshi is Zhao Ji's person, what kind of change plan, what kind of voice to make in the cabinet, and what illusion to create are all discussed by Wang Anshi and Zhao Ji a long time ago.
The reason why the failure of Wang Anshi's reform in history is regarded as a trick to loot the people is nothing more than the fact that the emperor has to take into account the emperor's desire to replenish the treasury and not to touch the interests of the conservative bureaucracy. And now, Wang Anshi has become the mainstay of the conservative minister's fight against Zhao.
Shifting the object of struggle of the conservatives and adopting the method of attacking the east and the west, Wang Anshi's proposal for reform of the law was supported and perfected. Such a skill made Wang Anshi full of confidence in Zhao Ji and full of confidence in the success of the law change.
"Holy Lord, let's go!" Wang Anshi reminded.
Zhao Ji turned his head, looked at Wang Anshi, and nodded silently.
When I entered Jiaozi City, I found that Jiaozi City was completely a large-scale workshop, not only printing Jiaozi, but also producing paper. There is a large lake in the middle of the city, apparently artificially enlarged, and when connected to living water, it is just enough to meet the water needs of paper production.
Looking at the pile of papers, Zhao Ji was so surprised that he picked up one casually and observed it carefully. Whether it is the memory of later generations or the memory of the original Zhao Ji, it can be confirmed that this is rice paper. Looking at such transparent rice paper, Zhao Ji really couldn't think of how to print Jiaozi, so he asked Wang Anshi for advice: "Isn't this rice paper?" How to print Jiaozi? Isn't the paper produced in Chengdu very good? Didn't all the Jiaozi in the past be printed on paper? ”
Xuan paper is generally used for painting, which is easy to preserve, not brittle, and will not fade, and has the reputation of "paper longevity for thousands of years".
"Of course, rice paper cannot be printed directly, and besides, the Jiaozi to be printed by the Holy Lord today is completely different from the past. In the past, Jiaozi was just a kind of voucher, which was easy to fade, and the circulation time was short, and most of them were to be recycled. The circulation is limited to one state and one road. Now the Jiaozi that the Holy Lord wants is to completely replace the gold, silver and copper coins, and it must be able to be preserved for a long time, at least for more than ten years. Otherwise, how can it be implemented throughout the Great Song Dynasty and circulated abroad? It is necessary not only to facilitate preservation, but also to prevent forgery from the public. All parts of the country have their own Jiaozi, and the southeast maritime merchants have joined hands to issue a kind of huizi. Didn't the saint tell Weichen that Jiaozi must have three abilities before it can be issued? Wang Anshi looked at his results and surprised the emperor so much, and explained happily.
Hearing Wang Anshi say this, Zhao Ji remembered. He did give Wang Anshi a warning in this regard. First, Jiaozi must be unique, and there is no technical imitation among the people. Second, Jiaozi must be able to be preserved for a long time and not easy to break. Third, Jiaozi must be able to completely decouple from gold, silver and copper coins, and become a reputable paper money with purchasing power that the imperial court can guarantee. Zhao Ji repeatedly stressed that the people should not be allowed to regard Jiaozi as paper money that must be able to exchange gold, silver and copper coins. The imperial court had to vouch for Jiaozi's purchasing power.
"Sir, is there a Jiaozi that has been printed?" Zhao couldn't wait to see the results.
"Six billion guan was printed, in the Jiaozi reserve room." Wang Anshi pointed to a house not far away that was made entirely of stone slabs and steel.
Slate and steel, although expensive, are much safer than wooden houses, at least not from fires outside. There were more than a dozen soldiers standing outside the Jiaozi reserve room, as well as many Tibetan water tanks, obviously to prevent fire and theft.
Approaching the Jiaozi room, Lu Jiawen walked over, and after saluting Zhao Ji, he and Wang Anshi each took out a key and put it together, and then opened the stone door.
Zhao Ji picked up Jiaozi and observed, and was taken aback again, isn't this what Hong Kong dollars will look like in later generations? Jiaozi is green on the outside, very oily, like adding a layer of plastic film, and the waterproof performance is estimated to be very good. It feels concave and convex, the front is the face value and issue number of Jiaozi and the portrait of Wang Anshi, and the reverse side is a jade seal. The face value and issue number of Jiaozi are all Arabic numerals ordered by Zhao Ji. In addition to Arabic numerals, there are also large Chinese characters and layers of Xixia characters, Khitan characters and other small characters from more than 20 countries.
"How much does it cost to print such a Jiaozi?" Zhao Ji sighed in his heart that Jiaozi was about to catch up with the paper money of the future, and according to the current process technology, the cost must be very amazing.
"A Jiaozi costs ten yuan, and in order to print these Jiaozi, it has cost more than 6.7 million yuan." Lu Jia asked and replied.
Zhao Ji looked over step by step. Jiaozi are classified and placed according to face value, and they are also the same size, unlike later generations, where the face value is different and the size is different. The denominations are: one text, two texts, five texts, ten texts, twenty texts, fifty texts, one hundred texts, two hundred texts, five hundred texts, and consistent, a total of ten kinds.
"Lu Qing's family is doing a good job. Whose way is this Jiaozi printed? Zhao Ji complimented, and then asked whose invention was the method of Jiaozi printing.
"Holy Lord, this is not a man's craft. It was Wechen who acquired eighteen papermaking workshops from Chengdu Prefecture, selected a group of outstanding papermakers, and found two engraving and printing workshops in Bianjing. According to the requirements of the saints, brainstorming together, and working together, the process is more complicated. Weichen couldn't say clearly. The saint once reproached the king for not printing Jiaozi with paper imported from Japan and Goryeo, and Weichen thought that I am full of Chinese talents, how can I not make better paper than the barbarians? However, the court's subordinates were really powerless, and Weichen could only make his own decisions and spent 200,000 yuan to acquire these private workshops and craftsmen. If there is a mistake, please do not reproach the king. Lu Jia asked while peeking at Wang Anshi's face and explained.
Lu Jia asked that he seemed to be responsible, but in fact, he was asking for merit and reward, Zhao Ji thought of this, and smiled slightly: "Lu Qing's family is not at fault, it should indeed be so." The credit of Lu Qing's family, I will remember it in my heart. In this way, the book of the money department of Lu Qing's family, the code word is removed, and this Jiaozi City will be handed over to you. Lu Huiqing was worried about it for three years, and when he came back, he rearranged his position. What do you think, sir? ”
Lu Jiawen was the presiding officer of Wang Anshi's implementation of the City Change Law in history, and was known as Wang Anshi's "trade overlord".
His subordinates crossed the level to ask the emperor for a reward, and Wang Anshi was not angry, as if he saw a child playing tricks, he said with a smile: "Obey the order." With these friends, the Great Song Dynasty will no longer have the worry of money shortage in the future, and it is indeed indispensable. ”
Lu Jiawen heard Wang Anshi say this, and he was really like a child being discovered by an adult, and he stood restless.
"Money shortage? What does the gentleman think is the reason for the money shortage? But not enough copper coins minted? Zhao Ji has always been unable to figure out why the Great Song Dynasty minted so many copper coins, but there was still a shortage of money, and finally had to mint bulky iron coins.
"The predicament of the Great Song Dynasty is not due to the emptiness of the treasury, the weakness of the country and the poverty of the people, but the shortage of money. The shortage of money is becoming more and more serious, and the turnover is not good, and the annexed families of big businessmen and big landlords have room to drill camps. The only way to change the law in the Great Song Dynasty is to manage money. The holy Jiaozice can be said to be to the point. Wang Anshi didn't answer Zhao Ji's question directly, but couldn't help but sigh.
Wang Anshi does have an economic mind, which Zhao Ji knows very well. In later generations, Zhao Ji once read a small story of Wang Anshi on the Internet.
It is said that in the seventh year of the Qingli period of the Northern Song Dynasty, it was rainy in the south of the Yangtze River, and it rained from March to September, and the crops in the fields were not harvested, and the affected area reached 127 counties. The price of rice rose one after another, and by October, the price of rice had risen from 400 wen per stone to 1,500 wen, and the people were miserable.
On the one hand, the officials of the prefectures in the south of the Yangtze River asked for assistance from the imperial court, and on the other hand, they strongly suppressed the price of rice and punished the profiteers. Once someone is found to be raising the price of rice, the family property will be confiscated and distributed to the army, and the person will be beheaded on the spot. Relying on this thunderous means, the price of rice in the Jiangnan area finally stabilized and remained at about 500 wen per stone.
However, in the southeast coast, in a small remote county called Yin County at that time (now Ningbo), there was a very unusual county order, which not only did not suppress the price of rice, but issued an official document, in the name of the government, stipulating that the price of rice in Yin County was 3,000 wen per stone!
This bold county order is the famous Wang Anshi in history.
For a time, the people's resentment in Ningbo was boiling, especially some ordinary people scolded the most. Because the price of rice is too expensive, many families have to eat porridge at home. The rice merchants cheered and made a fortune, and they all brought gold and silver to Wang Anshi. In this regard, Wang Anshi did not refuse to come and accepted them one by one. Occasionally, a businessman from other places forgot to offer gold and silver, so Wang Anshi asked his master to ask for it.
Unexpectedly, due to the severe drought in Shaanxi for many years, the court has been providing relief for many years, and now the treasury is empty, and it is powerless to help the rain disaster in the south of the Yangtze River for a while. By March of the following year, there was almost no rice to sell in the Jiangnan market. On the black market, the price of rice is as high as 5,000 wen and one stone, and there is often no market. A large number of hungry people began to emerge, and many people moved their families to the country. Many people die of hunger every day. In the past, the picturesque Jiangnan was desolate all over the wilderness for a while.
In sharp contrast, Ningbo has abundant rice and grain, and the people's lives are stable. It turned out that merchants from all over the country heard that the price of rice in Ningbo was high and profitable, and they sold rice to Ningbo one after another. Although the people of Ningbo have exhausted their savings for many years, there are almost no hungry people. For those who could not afford to buy food, Wang Anshi gave silver two bailouts.
Later, Ningbo's rice and grain accumulated more and more, and gradually the supply exceeded demand. The merchants had already brought the rice, but it was difficult to transport it back, so they had to sell it at a reduced price on the spot. The price of rice slowly dropped back to 1,500 wen a stone.
Compared to other places in the south of the Yangtze River, Ningbo is simply a paradise.
This story is enough to show that Wang Anshi's financial management methods are not ordinary, and his thinking is incompatible with the era in which he lives.
Zhao Ji did not take into account that the crisis of the Song Dynasty was actually a crisis of money shortage, what he wanted to do was to turn the private wealth into wealth that the state could control, even if the state was in debt, it could gradually narrow the gap between the rich and the poor in the Great Song Dynasty, so as to gather people's hearts, gather manpower and material resources, and expand externally.
What Zhao Ji didn't know was that he was crooked and solved the problem of money shortage in the Great Song Dynasty. It is precisely because of this that Wang Anshi is very convinced of him and is full of confidence in the success of the change. The Song Dynasty was in a period of transformation of the mode of production, gradually transforming into a commercial society. But the Song Dynasty was not a small country, the economic development was uneven, and the power of commerce was confined to a certain region, which did not shake the superstructure of the dynasty. Therefore, Jiaozi Huizi only exists in Chengdu and Jiangnan, where the commodity economy is more developed. This weak, known as the germ of capitalism, is easily stifled by dynastic wars.
"Sir, I didn't understand." Zhao Ji was in a fog for a while, and he didn't know what Wang Anshi was talking about.
"Saintly, the court has no money, and often taxes the people in kind such as silk. The production of the common people is nothing more than coarse cloth of grain. Many officials colluded with the big businessmen, and the things they expropriated were often things that the common people could not produce. In the end, the people had to sell their production income at a low price in exchange for taxes. After this layer, where do the people still have savings, and the profits are exploited by the big businessmen. The even-loss method that Weichen once talked about is to deal with this matter. However, the new law stipulates that only the children who are taxed will be collected, and all the purchases required by the imperial court will be made. Later, the imperial court purchased grain from the people at a parity price to enrich the regular liquidation, and the people also had the ability to pay taxes, and the merchants no longer had the possibility of making profits. Wang Anshi said, looking tired. Lu Jia asked and hurriedly brought two chairs.
"Sir, I did understand a little bit about this, but I still didn't understand the problem of money shortage. What does this have to do with collusion between officials and businessmen? Zhao Ji thought for a moment, but still didn't understand, so he smiled slightly, and then asked.
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