The imperial examination is to select talents for political reform, which can be said to be the core of political reform, after all, government affairs still need people to govern, let the right people do the right things, this is the core content of political reform.

However, political reform is only the first step, and only after the first step is completed can the subsequent reforms be carried out smoothly.

For example, the first step of economic reform, this economic reform is different from the last time, the last time was the currency paper money, tax adjustment and other content, but this time it is the beginning of a deep innovation to stimulate the power of production.

The specific content is to completely eliminate the unreasonable economic system of the Ming Dynasty, such as the largest manufacturing industry in the Ming Dynasty, all in the hands of the government, the representative of the shipbuilding industry is the Longjiang Shipyard such a government-run field, in the heyday there are such a field all over the country, that is, now the government in Longjiangguan, Qingjiangpu and other places also opened a large number of government-run shipyards, mainly used to build boats, under the management of the Ministry of Industry.

Longjiang Shipyard Yang Chao sold to Yao Craftsman the year before last, more than a year of operation, Yao Craftsman has repaid Yang Chao's loan, and now Longjiang Shipyard can provide Yang Chao with ten big ships every year, in addition to building thousands of large and small boats, with an annual profit of more than 100,000 taels, most of which are provided by Yang Chao's warships.

Yao Craftsman has now begun to repair the Treasure Shipyard, preparing to double its production and scale, not only to build a large number of ships, but also to employ more than 50,000 carpenters, almost double the current 30,000.

Of course, the Longjiang Shipyard is a special case, because it used to be a good business, although it was under official management, but a large number of tools were retained, and the most valuable were tens of thousands of experienced shipbuilders.

After selling to Yao Craftsman. He's also very competitive. Of course, it was also a good time. The economy of Jiangnan is becoming more and more stable, and the war has destroyed a large number of ships, so the market for merchant ships is very large, and the stability of the economy and the prosperity of commerce have also made more businessmen participate in the transportation industry, planning to purchase merchant ships to run the Yangtze River transportation, and even to run ocean transportation.

But Yao Jiangtou is obviously a good role model, and Yang Chao has publicized his deeds through the newspapers, and this person is already a star. Don't dare to say anything else, at least everyone in Nanjing City knows about it.

The free publicity also brought more orders to Yao Jiangtou, but this is definitely not Yang Chao's purpose, otherwise Yang Chao would have to charge him for advertising, Yang Chao is using him as a benchmark, the purpose is actually to hope that thousands of characters like Yao Jiangtou will appear.

Yang Chao needed such a figure, because Yang Chao intended to sell official property on a large scale.

On the one hand, it is necessary to sell all kinds of inefficient official property under the jurisdiction of the officials and recover a sum of profits, but it is the most important thing to activate the production of these industries.

The huge official assets of the Ming Dynasty were no less than those of the state-owned enterprises of later generations. Almost all the large workshops were government-run, for example, the largest workshop in the textile industry was the weaving bureau of the imperial court. The largest workshop in the porcelain industry is the official kiln of the imperial court, and the ordnance production is the large and small military bureaus and ordnance bureaus from the central to the local.

First of all, starting from Nanjing, with the War Bureau, the Silver Bureau, the Huanyi Bureau, the Towel and Hat Bureau, the Needlework Bureau, the Inner Weaving and Dyeing Bureau, the Wine and Vinegar Noodles Bureau, and other eight bureaus as the core, the large and small workshops in Nanjing City were originally produced by the Imperial Palace to recruit businessmen to undertake, and the one with the highest price was awarded.

But it didn't go well at first, because no one dared to take over, these bureaus and workshops used to be produced for the royal family, and no one dared to guarantee that they would be profitable, and there was a deeper level of worry, because this was linked to the emperor, and the businessmen had some psychological shadows.

Yang Chao had to make a compromise and find an acquaintance to contract, of course, he may be truthful in the future, but as long as he is not directly involved, it can be regarded as fair and just, and those who do not seize the opportunity in the future will say some cool things at most.

The War Bureau let Eunuch Li, who had a good relationship with Yang's father and had helped the Yang family in the past, take over, and Yang Chao allowed him to build various weapons for sale, and gave him a work post for free.

The silver bureau handed over to the Gusu silver shop, invited them to open a branch in Nanjing, gave a lot of assurances, such as that they would never take it back, etc., and even wrote a creed stamped with the seal of the Dadu Governor's Mansion.

The Inner Weaving and Dyeing Bureau gave the largest textile workshop in Nanjing, the Needlework Bureau handed over to an old embroidery girl who worked for the Jinchai Building, the Scarf and Hat Bureau persuaded the old tailor in the bureau to take over, and the Wine and Vinegar Noodle Bureau was sold to the Jinchai Building for Kang Xiaobao to manage, but the Huanyi Bureau really couldn't find anyone to take over, after all, it didn't seem to have formed an industry, and it was given to an old woman in the Huanyi Bureau for free, he used to be a palace maid who made mistakes in the palace, and he was sent to the Huanyi Bureau to do hard labor when he was a teenager, and he would do any work, After a lifetime, she has also become a female official of the Huanyi Bureau, with rich management experience.

Compared with these workshops, it is much easier to sell other industries, and the easiest to find buyers is the government-run green building such as Nanshi Building and Old Courtyard, because Kang Xiaobao, the big shopkeeper of Jinchai Building, has actively participated, and Jinchai Building has also accumulated a lot of silver over the years, and there is no shortage of funds for purchase, Kang Xiaobao spent 30,000 taels of silver to snatch Nanshi Building from several nobles.

In addition to Nanjing, it was then promoted to other places, Suzhou and Songjiang were the second batch, Zhejiang and Jianghuai were the second batch, the silk weaving bureau in Suzhou, the cotton spinning bureau in Songjiang, the silk weaving in Hangzhou, the salt works and shipyards in Jianghuai were all among the sales, and Yang Chao had to sell all the official property in a year, and then assign all the redundant personnel to other yamen, or let them resign.

Only by getting rid of these government-run industries can the government travel lightly and stimulate the vitality of these industries. After all, as a government-run workshop, the scale of these handicraft workshops can be called huge, there are also experienced managers, and the equipment is also the largest equipment, and it is these workshops that are most likely to develop into modern workshops, but it is a pity that under the government, the civil officials, officials and eunuchs are supervised by the troika, corruption, and short selling, which is not only inefficient, but also the quality can not be guaranteed, and the price is very expensive, and the cost of procurement in the palace is often many times higher than that of private procurement.

The second step is to carry out economic reform and education and training reform at the same time.

First of all, Yang Chao encouraged the wealthy people in the countryside to run their own family schools and private schools, and hoped that they would recruit children from poor families, for such children, Yang Chao was willing to pay their bonds, for a child a year of one or two silver of private school fees, Yang Chao thought that it was really not worth mentioning, one million taels of silver a year, so that he could harvest a million literate generation in ten years, this transaction is worth it.

For these cooperating gentry families, Yang Chao naturally has to give certain benefits, such as allowing them to use their own taxes to offset the funds for running a school, for some poetry and book families, turning their own taxes into funds for running a school is used for education, which is obviously more acceptable to them than reluctantly handing them over directly to the government, at least they can get the gratitude of those poor families who couldn't afford to read in the past.

Then Yang Chao also had to rebuild the county schools in each county, the reason why it was rebuilt, because it added a large number of educational content that had not been in the past in the Ming Dynasty, the first item of each county school students, must be enlightened children over ten years old, and their learning content after entering the county school will be different.

In the county school, Yang Chao added mathematics, geometry and astronomy and other natural sciences that had been introduced to China, and at the same time gave them some practical courses such as financial management, the art of war, the law, agriculture and engineering, etc., with the aim of going straight to the imperial examination, so as to minimize the resistance of the wealthy family to send students to the county school, and at the same time stimulate these students to work hard to learn new knowledge.

Of course, these people still have to serve at least one year of military service before taking the imperial examination, and for the intellectual class, stimulating their courage is the minimum requirement of Yang Chao, and it is irresponsible to push a cowardly manager into the jungle of the powerful country after the Age of Discovery.

The third step in educational reform was the establishment of a well-established Western-style university for the study of the emerging natural sciences.

Yang Chao spared no effort to establish a university, because he knew the meaning of this.

Newton was five years old at this time.

In 1643, just a year before the fall of the Ming Dynasty, the character of Newton was born, which seems to have some kind of metaphorical meaning, and from then on, the center of the world also turned to the west step by step, and the sun set in the east.

But is it really Newton's character who is powerful, there is no doubt that Newton's own talent and hard work are necessary factors for his success, but an education system that cultivates Newton may be the inevitable reason for Newton's appearance.

It was after the Renaissance that the modern natural science system was developed by absorbing the knowledge of natural science in ancient Greece and summarizing and developing it, which gave the birth of Newton a foundation, and Newton himself stood on the basis of thousands of people and summarized and developed their ideas, so that the West had a complete natural science system.

Before Newton, natural science was in its infancy, and after Newton, natural science in the West found its direction.

Therefore, Newton is a great person, but the education system and scientific system that trained him are the cornerstone.

Yang Chao can't wait to introduce this system, at least when Newton perfects the scientific system, the Chinese can immediately accept it, so that it will not slowly fall silent in the future scientific development.

But it is not easy to build a university, even if Yang Chao moves out all the knowledge he knows, it is actually not enough to establish a scientific system, because he has forgotten a lot of knowledge that he does not use, and the fundamental reason is that he himself has not been able to master the complete natural sciences.

To be honest, a large part of the education system of later generations is actually just scientific common sense education, and the real in-depth education will only appear after entering the university, and the frontier will be contacted when you are a doctorate.

Therefore, Yang Chao has neither the conditions nor the energy, personally to cultivate the seedlings of science and technology, forcibly raise the height or get twice the result with half the effort, it is better to copy the education system of Newton, Yang Chao believes that with the intellectual level of the Chinese, it is not enough to understand.

Yang Chao's energy should be more focused on the overall situation, after all, he is a commander, as a commander, the most important thing to pay attention to is actually war, which is related to the security of the country and the nation.

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My new book has been released, the title of the book is "The Rise of Great Powers 1900", remember to collect it. (To be continued......)