readx;?“ His Majesty, Crown Prince Nikolai, Duke Gorchakov, Count Rostovtsev, Count Cherkasky, Count Muravyov arrived. Pen @ fun @ pavilion wWw. ｂｉｑUｇE。 info" The secretary's voice interrupted the Tsar's musings. It was time for the ministers of the empire to report to their sovereign.

"Let them in." The tsar didn't raise his head, but said lightly. Then the door to the office was pushed open, and the sickly Crown Prince Nicholas walked in with four ministers, stood in a row at the Tsar's desk, and bowed.

"Sit down." While the Tsar was speaking, there were already court attendants who brought chairs, and all five of them sat down and did not speak, just waiting for the Tsar to ask questions or give instructions.

"Trade in the Caspian Sea should start as soon as possible." The tsar said calmly, "As for the Eurasian railway...... Minister of War, do you think it is possible for this railway to facilitate the invasion of the squadron? ”

The current Minister of War of the Tsarist Government is Count Muravyov, and the former Marshal Milyutin became the chairman of the Council of Ministers, that is, the Prime Minister of Russia, for his meritorious service in commanding the troops to capture Constantinople. This time was not in Constantinople, but remained in Petersburg.

"Your Majesty, it is unlikely that this railway will facilitate the invasion of the squadron, on the contrary, it will facilitate the transfer of Russian troops from the west to the eastern front." Muravyov was actually very much in favor of building a large railway connecting the east and west of Russia, but he did not have enough money. "This is obviously an opportunity for us to offer a loan from the Daming HSBC Bank for the construction of the Eurasian railway through Russian land. In return. We can allow this railway to connect the railway network of Poland and Germany. ”

"The Chinese will definitely ask for something else." Gorchakov chimed in, "Perhaps the recognition of the Eastern Siberian Company and the Kingdom of Xihua." They are accustomed to doing this, making some less important demands first. Then give a little sweetness, and when the other party takes the bait, they will start to increase the size and put forward more demanding conditions. ”

"If there is enough money to build the railway, it is not necessary to recognize the territory of the Eastern Siberian Company and the Kingdom of Xihua." "Actually, the chances of Russia recovering it are very slim. ”

Gorchakov no longer raised objections, he knew that Muravyov was right, and now it was up to the tsar to decide.

"The legitimacy of the Eastern Siberian corporate territory and the Kingdom of Xihua can be recognized." Alexander II spoke calmly. "But a railway loan is not enough, the Chinese need to buy East Siberia and the southeast Kazakh steppe." Just ask for a price...... £10 million. The minimum must not be less than £5,000,000. ”

5 million pounds is equivalent to 15 million silver dollars, which is nothing for the Ming Dynasty, who now earns nearly 500 million silver dollars a year. Moreover, the total area of Eastern Siberia and Southeast Kazakhstan is at least 7.5 million square kilometers, which is equivalent to the price of 2 silver dollars per square kilometer. Of course, this price is extremely cheap - but those lands have long been controlled by the Ming Dynasty, and Emperor Zhu will definitely not give them if they want more. Such a price is just a little bit of getting back, a little bit is a little bit. Who made the Eastern Romans, the Russian Empire, now too short of silver?

The tsar sighed and turned his attention again to Count Rostovtsev and Count Cherkassky, both of whom were members of the General Committee for Peasant Affairs in Russia. This committee was responsible for the abolition of serfdom in Russia and the series of reforms that accompanied it. Well, this reform to abolish serfdom is not an easy task, as long as the tsar gives an order, everything will be fine. There are no such cheap reforms in the world, and Russia certainly won't have them. The normal situation is that a reform often creates new contradictions while resolving old contradictions.

In the words of Nechaev, the great leader of the later Slavic Socialist Republics: "The reforms to abolish serfdom gave birth to the Russian Revolution!" And the rural communes of Russia were the basis of the Great Revolution! ”

"Now there are calls in the newspapers for the reform of the all-Russian rural communes on the model of Polish agricultural cooperatives, Count Rostovtsev, Count Cherkaski. What do you guys think? Alexander II asked with a frown.

This "rural commune" of Alexander II was, strictly speaking, the ancestor of agricultural collectivization! Yes. That's him! Probably 99% of the people in the entire socialist camp who enjoyed the happy life brought about by the collectivization of agriculture did not know that the person who created this system was not Stalin, but Tsar Alexander of Russia. Nikolaevich. Romanov!

Many of the later systems of agricultural collectivization or agricultural cooperatives were actually formulated by Alexander II's General Committee for Peasant Affairs in Russia. For example, the core ownership system of land and village community can also be called collective ownership. According to the regulations established by the General Committee of Peasant Affairs of Russia. The shares of land redeemed by the Russian peasants from the landlords were not distributed to households, but were owned by the rural communes. And the land of the Russian landlords was generally not leased to the peasants, but to the rural communes. The land was then distributed by the commune according to the population. And at regular intervals, there is a redistribution of land - in principle, every adult member of a rural commune is entitled to a piece of land. Of course, these lands were not cultivated together and then distributed according to social labor. Rather, it is a package production to the household...... I can't think of a better word.

In addition, the system of self-government of the rural communes was similar to that of the collective farms of the Soviet Union or the production brigades of the people's communes of the Celestial Empire. It was the general meeting of the members of the village community to elect the president, tax collector, clerk, and other public officials - of course, the village community autonomy designed by Alexander II was serious. It never occurred to him to rely on a large organization to firmly control all the autonomous communes in Russia.

In fact, he didn't have that much money to feed such a huge bureaucracy...... A similar problem has already been said, at this stage of the collapse of feudalism and the rise of capitalism. Lack of financial resources made it impossible for the rulers of various countries to build a bureaucratic system sufficient to replace the feudal ruling class. The bourgeoisie, on the other hand, needed free and cheap labor, not "slave labor" firmly chained, so it could not replace the feudal lords as the main force oppressing the working people.

Moreover, the bourgeoisie in Europe and elsewhere is nothing more than profiteers. No matter how fierce the profiteers are, they can't compare with the original feudal lords. Compare it to Japan, in the era of samurai **, samurai can legally kill civilians! Where did the Japanese bourgeoisie have such courage? There is only one example in history of the Japanese big bourgeoisie being hacked to death by the Japanese low-level soldiers.

Thus, the working people of Europe, who had been firmly controlled for thousands of years, were generally in an era of "iron chains basically smashed" in the two or three hundred years after the bourgeois revolution! Therefore, after Europe enters the capitalist era, there will be endless revolutions and rebellions. Although the so-called dictatorship of the bourgeoisie can develop the productive forces to the maximum, it cannot be compared with the original feudal ** in terms of its ability to suppress the common people.

And Alexander II's reform of abolishing serfdom actually smashed the chains that tied to the Russian serfs! But the Russian Tsar, who pretended to be clever, and in fact really very smart, did not realize this. In his view, the rural commune could completely replace the former serf owners in exercising the responsibility of oppressing and controlling the Russian peasantry. So his main energies in these years were not on foreign expansion, but on figuring out a better and more perfect method of collectivization for the Russian peasantry, in which he devoted much more energy than Stalin. He spent a lot of energy on the "collectivization of agriculture" in the Ming Dynasty and the "agricultural cooperativeization" in Poland.

"Your Majesty," said Count Rostovtsev, frowning at the Tsar's question, "we do not think that the Polish solution is feasible in Russia. First of all, Poland does not practice public ownership of land and villages, but private ownership, and land is completely distributed to households. Secondly, the Poles established agricultural cooperatives on the basis of depriving the landlords of their land ownership...... Russia cannot do that. (To be continued) R752