The Spring Festival is a large-scale phenomenon of high traffic pressure and congestion that occurs in Chinese mainland around the Lunar New Year. The term "Spring Festival" first appeared in the People's Daily in 1980. China Central Television (CCTV) described the Spring Festival as "a rare phenomenon of population mobility in the world". The passenger flow during the Spring Festival travel period is very large, and in the past ten years, the annual Spring Festival passenger flow has exceeded the total population of the mainland. The Spring Festival generally occurs 15 days before and about 25 days after the Spring Festival, so the Spring Festival travel is about 40 days a year. In a general sense, Spring Festival transportation refers to inter-provincial and intra-provincial transportation in Chinese mainland, and generally does not include transportation between the mainland and Hong Kong and Macao, cross-strait transportation and international transportation.

Even if the Chinese Empire, as the strongest empire in the Far East, had to face this serious problem, the law of the development of China's industry was still the same, the eastern region was changing with each passing day, a large number of factories and ports were mainly concentrated in the eastern region, and the emergence of factories and enterprises caused a labor shortage in the east, and the movement of workers became the only reason for the empire's spring transportation. The Spring Festival is mainly due to the traditional concept of Chinese and the large flow of social manpower. In China, the Spring Festival is the most important festival of the year, the beginning of the year, no matter how far away from the family, the average person should try to reunite with the family on Chinese New Year's Eve to spend the New Year together.

Since the establishment of the Chinese Empire, the imperial government began to encourage self-employment, and with the improvement of transportation, especially the large-scale construction of railways, restrictions on the movement of people were greatly reduced. As a result, a very large number of people are employed from economically underdeveloped areas to economically developed areas, resulting in a large flow of manpower. These people who left home to work in other places returned to their hometowns around the Spring Festival for the New Year, that is, they became the main group of people for Spring Festival transportation. Of course, the tourism industry in the empire is not yet developed, so the population movement of Spring Festival tourism is not much.

In fact, the real vigorous development of the empire's industry should be between 1850 and 1860, during this decade, the eastern region concentrated 59% of the empire's factory enterprises and 65% of the industrial output value, in addition to the Burma-Kunming and Tyumen industrial regions, the rest such as the Northeast Industrial Zone, the Yangtze River Industrial Zone, and the Pearl River Industrial Zone are concentrated on the eastern coast. In addition, when Lin Hong unified the country, the system had already helped him make a reasonable plan, but the pressure of the Spring Festival was still some, and the annual data fluctuated around 30 million to 50 million.

Now the Spring Festival is completely completed by the railway, after all, there will be air transport in the future, there are motorcycles, cars, etc. on the road, but now not to mention motorcycles, even cars have not yet appeared! Large-scale population movements can only be carried out by rail. After all, no one goes out to work on a bicycle.

Many sociology experts and scholars at the Spring Festival Imperial University believe that hidden behind the Spring Festival is a major problem of China's social development, a series of deep-seated factors such as the local concept of Chinese, the dual structure of urban and rural areas, and the allocation of resources.

"In our Spring Festival transportation, problems such as the transportation capacity of transportation, the lack of coordination between the existing resource allocation and social development are all exacerbating the difficulty of returning home. A large number of farmers who went out to work had to return to their hometowns for the Chinese New Year at the same time, and the passenger market caused a series of crises because the demand far exceeded the supply. With so many people, having to go home at the same time in one place at the same time, it will definitely bring some problems. The imperial countryside had a large surplus labor force of low quality. Although this part of the labor force can theoretically be called an economic resource and is a large number of cheap labor, in fact, because the local area does not provide too many suitable jobs, they are unemployed for a long time and can only go out to work far from their hometowns. And those peasants who have not left their homes and cannot earn money at home have been on the verge of poverty for a long time, which has become a hidden danger of social crisis. ”

"The economic imbalance in the imperial regions has also led to this population movement, such as Anhui migrant workers, if they can earn the same money for the same job in Hefei and Hangzhou, then why bother to come to Hangzhou again? With the development of industrial society, the economic development of the east and west can be coordinated to evacuate the flow of people, and the mode of transportation has changed, and the tide of migrant workers returning home for the Spring Festival can be alleviated. ”

"The Spring Festival transportation is not a regular rule in the transportation industry, let alone an immutable system, but a last resort under the current institutional arrangement. Talking about the Spring Festival, it is impossible to alleviate the problem of the Spring Festival, and it is even more useless to take family members to come to celebrate the New Year and retain migrant workers to celebrate the New Year in the local area with high salaries. First of all, once migrant workers are allowed to move to cities and developed areas to settle down and start a family, many people will not be able to return to their hometowns for the New Year, and the problem of Spring Festival transportation will disappear. Second, if the population is allowed to move freely, it will be difficult for the existing series of unequal policies for migrant workers, including household registration, employment, social security, and education, to survive and implement, and the process of urbanization will be accelerated. This is a tremendous driving force for China's long-term economic growth in the future. Thirdly, many of the social security conditions that exist because of migrant workers will be greatly improved. More importantly, allowing people to move freely and the resulting changes would hasten the process of democratizing imperial society. This may be a major problem that must be faced in the transformation of imperial society. ”

"In addition, while strengthening the improvement of road transport conditions, we should also strengthen the regulation and control of fares and the so-called ticket scalping, so that the railway must benefit the country and the people, and any individuals and organizations that seek benefits in this way must be cracked down on in accordance with the law."

"In the final analysis, it is still an economic problem, and only comprehensive and stable development can completely solve the problem of such large-scale population migration." This is Lin Hong's special analysis of the Spring Festival in the "Imperial Daily".

In order to cope with the continuous growth of the Spring Festival in the next few years, the cabinet has planned to build 45 railway branch lines and 217 highways, and establish a tight road transportation network in the eastern part of the country.

However, compared to the domestic Spring Festival, the most headache for Lin Hong is the overseas Spring Festival, commonly known as the "Sea Spring Festival", in the overseas colonies, vassal countries to work and invest in businessmen, workers will always return to China during the Spring Festival, although the empire's maritime industry has flourished in recent years, but the major shipyards of new ships are basically commercial trade products transport ships, mail ships and other manned ships only account for about 12% of the empire's annual shipbuilding proportion, can not meet the demand for shipping, a large number of overseas people every year most of them take British and Dutch ships back to China, However, because the empire's "Navigation Ordinance" charged a huge port tax on foreign ships entering the port in order to support the domestic shipping industry, this led to the British and Dutch issuing high-priced tickets and making a lot of money.

Lin Hong is also helpless in this regard, after all, railways and ships cannot be bought directly from the system as before, they can only be built slowly. In the final analysis, it will take a few short decades, and development still cannot be compared with the accumulation of hundreds of years in Europe