The Ordnance Supervisor on the outskirts of Chang'an is pouring molten steel into the mud, and by slowly cooling it, he has obtained the purpose of teaching good steel. This technology www.biquge.info was not discovered in the Dashun Dynasty, as early as the Western Zhou Dynasty, someone had already invented it.

The ancients were very smart, and without the knowledge of water cooling, they thought of the mud fan cast iron method, and further came up with the iron fan cast iron method, which greatly improved the efficiency of cast iron.

But the iron cast iron method is not without shortcomings, but the shortcomings are very obvious. The heat dissipation of the iron mold is too fast, so that the molten steel has a large degree of supercooling when cooling, and the cementite in the molten steel has not had time to precipitate (graphitization has not had time to proceed) and the graphite has solidified, so the cementite in the iron mainly exists in the form of iron carbide, that is, white iron.

This white iron is hard, but it is also brittle. Although the small blast furnace flowed out of the mild steel, it could not offset the power of Tiefan, and the carbon content rose all of a sudden. Due to the large degree of supercooling of molten iron during the solidification process, the metal crystalline particles on the surface are relatively dense, and the surface of iron is relatively smooth. The only benefit of the iron mold is that the production rate is accelerated, which is much faster than the clay mold.

It's just that Lu Chengqi looks down on the iron casting method, thinking that this is destroying the heavens, turning the melted molten iron into pig iron again. He prefers to be slower, but the quality must be good. This is also the reason why the production of Hongxiang rifles has not been able to rise, and with the strength of the whole country, there is not much steel, where can it be quickly made into a barrel?

Small blast furnace steelmaking is also very polluting to the environment, although there is no concept of environmental protection in this era, but the ordnance prison is not far from Chang'an City, and Lu Chengqi does not want to bear the harm of environmental pollution. So, to Tang Xun's very puzzlement, Lu Chengqi required that every blast furnace must have a sealed filter tank, and the exhaust gas generated should pass through the sealed brick road and lead to the filter tank. The filter pool is filled with water, Lu Chengqi doesn't know if it's useful to do this, but after doing this, it seems that the pollution is not too big, and he is more at ease.

In fact, the ancients were very clever and discovered the quenching process long ago. They took the formed iron pieces that had been cooled almost inside the clay fan, clamped them with iron clamps, and put them in water to quench them.

There was a craftsman who proposed to use horse urine quenching when casting rails, which can greatly improve the hardness of steel, and Lu Chengqi knew about it, praised it fiercely, and rewarded a lot of money and silver.

As a result, less than two days later, another craftsman proposed that quenching with animal fat can greatly improve the toughness of steel, and Lu Chengqi also rewarded him with money and silver.

Before the reward was completed here, someone over there proposed a way to quench with horse urine first, and then quench with grease to make the steel quality better, and Lu Chengqi praised him and rewarded him with a lot of money and silver. After all, it is difficult to have the best of both worlds with only one quenching medium. If the quenching medium used cools quickly, it is easy to cause defects such as cracking and deformation of steel; If the quenching medium cools slowly, it will make the steel more than tough, and the hardness is insufficient, which is difficult to meet the requirements of use. In this way, it is necessary to use the double-liquid quenching method, that is, when the temperature of the steel is relatively high, the quenching medium with a relatively fast cooling rate is selected to ensure the hardness of the steel; When the temperature is relatively low, the quenching medium with a relatively small cooling rate is selected to prevent cracking and deformation of the steel, so that it has a certain toughness.

This time there was no way to clean up, and these craftsmen worked hard to find a better way to make steel. In this way, a complete system of rewards and punishments has been formed in the Ordnance Prison, and all craftsmen have studied and worked diligently. As a result, not only the ordnance superintendent on the outskirts of the city was greatly improved, but even the ordnance superintendent in Chang'an City was affected, and the weapons manufactured were greatly improved.

After a few days of rushing work, the Ordnance Supervisor finally rushed to the front of the Dragon Boat Festival and made a hundred zhang long bilateral railroad tracks, which were transported to the Royal Roads University.

Shen Kuo. Su Song and Tang Xun, with the help of more than 1,000 students, built the first gallop road of the Dashun Dynasty. Why make rails? This is all because Lu Chengqi's ambition is too great, and he hopes to bring the Great Shun Dynasty into the industrial age through hard work in his lifetime. The train, on the other hand, is a symbol of the industrial age. With the rails, you don't have to spend money to lay the tracks again in the future.

In addition, the performance of rails is better than that of hardwood, and Lu Chengqi also decided to use rails out of the requirements for performance. This rail is not like the commonplace railroad track of later generations, but it is very characteristic of the Great Shun Dynasty. In order to make the carriage run without derailing, the rails have a groove in it, and there is a small hole under the groove, which is used to fix the sleepers. This screw also came into being, originally Qin Chidao was fixed with a long nail, but after experiments, Tang Xun found that the long nail could not fix the bulky rail. According to the nature of long nails, the clever Shen Kuo invented nails with threads. This screw originally did not exist in Chinese history, but Lu Chengqi's request to make railroad rails led to the emergence of such a sacred object as a screw in China in advance.

The roadbed where the track is laid is rammed very strongly, and the sleepers are laid on the roadbed. The softer sleepers can be closely combined with the rammed subgrade, so that the track is smooth and the carriage can travel quickly and smoothly on it.

The carriage has also been manufactured by Shen Kuo and Su Song. The production of the carriage is not difficult, the difficulty lies in the production of iron wheels and iron bearings, and the rest of the parts are carpentry.

With Tang Xun's help, the iron wheels made of mud fan were just right, but the iron bearings were ill-fated. It's either too big, or it's hard to turn. After a few days of research, Tang Xun, Shen Kuo and Su Song finally found a solution. Su Song found in ancient books that there were such items as car wedges in the Han Dynasty, that is, iron rings were added to the axles to grind iron and iron each other, and then grease lubrication was added between them, which enhanced the firmness of the wheels and reduced the friction of the car bearings.

When all the problems were solved, a durable carriage was finally built. After laying the rails, a flat plank was laid in front of the carriage to slow down. The planks at the starting point have grooves of the same width as the wheels for the carriage to enter the tracks.

After bringing a horse and putting on the reins, the hired coachman drove the horse into the tracks. After measurement, the distance between the sleepers of this gallop is exactly in line with the horse's steps, so that the horse is not afraid of losing its front hooves.

As soon as the coachman raised his whip, the not very sturdy horse began to gallop and drove the carriage along. Su Song was surprised to find that after the horse began to run, it seemed to run faster and faster, and it felt that it couldn't stop at all, if it wasn't for the short gallop, I am afraid it would not be enough for it to run. It was not until they reached the end of the gallop that the tie was leveled and the pony stopped. He snorted, as if he was not satisfied with the short run.

It's just a pony! There was such an effect, and everyone looked at each other. Shen Kuo even suspected that Lu Chengqi had long known that it was this result that made them make the railroad tracks.

Tang Xun sighed: "Your Majesty is really a celestial!" "I'm afraid that the students in Royal University treat Lu Chengqi as a celestial at this moment, otherwise how would he know that Chi Dao is so powerful? Although Lu Chengqi said that he only knew it after reading ancient books, but when he searched through ancient books, he could only find the words of Chidao, where did he mention such an effect?

This really wronged Lu Chengqi, he only knew the speed of the gallop, but he didn't know the principle. In fact, the principle of galloping is that once the horse pulls the cart to the track and gallops, the sleeper and the horse's step are in sync, and the horse involuntarily "self-oscillates", and has to run fast and can hardly stop. Lu Chengqi couldn't think of such a truth.