The state (220-280 in the narrow sense, 184, 190 or 208-280 in the broad sense) was a period of Chinese history with three regimes: Cao Wei, Shu Han, and Sun Wu. The wars at the end of the Han Dynasty continued to cause the population to decline and the economy to suffer, and they all attached importance to economic development. Due to the needs of the war, various technologies have developed greatly.

In the seventh year of Emperor Guanghe of the Han Dynasty (184), the Yellow Turban Rebellion broke out, and in the chaos, the imperial court was controlled by the warlord Dong Zhuo, and the whole country fell into a situation of warlord secession and chaos. In 190, Dong Zhuo moved the capital, and the imperial court collapsed. In 192, Dong Zhuo was assassinated by Lü Bu and Wang Yun, and then Dong Zhuo's remnant Li Dao followed the strategy of the strategist Jia Xu to invade Chang'an and control the government. In 196, Cao Cao welcomed Emperor Xian of the Han Dynasty to Xuchang, changed the Yuan to Jian'an, coerced the Son of Heaven to order the princes, and defeated many forces. He defeated Yuan Shao at the Battle of Guandu in 200 and by 208 had roughly taken control of northern China. However, in the Battle of Chibi in the winter of that year, it was defeated by the combined forces of Sun and Liu, which formed the prototype of Dingli. In 220, Cao Cao died of illness, and his son Cao Pi forced the Han Dynasty to offer the emperor Chan Rang, and the founding name was "Wei", known as Cao Wei in history. In the following year, Liu Bei, who was mainly based in Yizhou, was also called the emperor, and the country name continued to be "Han", and the history was called Shu Han. Liu Bei and Sun Quan expanded their power after the Battle of Chibi, and there were many disputes and wars between the two sides over the Jingzhou issue, and finally Liu Bei was defeated after the Battle of Yiling in 222, and Sun Quan gained the vast majority of Jingzhou. Liu Bei died of illness the following year, and Zhuge Liang, who assisted his son Liu Chan, resumed his alliance with Sun Quan in the same year. According to Yangzhou, Jingzhou and Jiaozhou, Sun Quan was officially proclaimed emperor in 229 years later, with the country name "Wu", and was known as Sun Wu or Eastern Wu in history. The situation was mainly for the Shu-Wu alliance to confront Cao Wei, and the borders of each country did not change much. And the Cao Wei court was gradually controlled by the Sima clan. In 263, Sima Zhao prepared to usurp the throne in order to establish military merits, and launched the Wei War to destroy Shu, and Shu Han died. Two years later, Sima Zhao died of illness, and his son Sima Yan abolished Emperor Wei Yuan and became independent, with the country name "Jin", known as the Western Jin Dynasty in history, and Cao Wei died. In 280, the Western Jin Dynasty launched the Jin War to destroy Wu, destroying Sun and Wu and unifying China. At this point, the period ended and entered the Jin Dynasty.

Scholars at the beginning of the period have different opinions, which are generally divided into narrow and broad senses. In a narrow sense, Cao Pi forced the Eastern Han Dynasty to offer the emperor Chan concession in 220 years, founded the country Cao Wei, and began the destruction of the Eastern Han Dynasty. In a broad sense, it is generally believed that the Yellow Turban Rebellion of the Eastern Han Dynasty began in 184. This stems from the establishment of the state pastoral system by Emperor Ling of the Han Dynasty to resolve the Yellow Turban Rebellion, which led to the division of the local government and the division of the world. Other points of view are: in 190, Dong Zhuo coerced Emperor Xian of the Han Dynasty to leave Luoyang, at which time the Eastern Han court had collapsed; In 208, after the Battle of Chibi, Dingli formed a prototype. Historians pay more attention to the formation and process of Dingli, since 184 the Eastern Han Dynasty has begun to lose its political entity, the formation of the prototype until the Wei Dynasty and the Han Dynasty, so often the period of 184 to 220 into the period of discussion.

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