When the news of the war situation in India reached Europe, not only Britain was shocked, but the whole Europe was talking about the war, the British lost the war, and the defeat was a mess, and it also made Europe see the power of China in the East, whether it was a new type of rifle ironclad ship or a high-quality soldier.

The British stock market plummeted due to the defeat in the war with China, coupled with the deliberate speculation sent by Lin Hong and a large number of counterfeit money secretly printed by China into the British market (the printing technology of British currency was given to European countries by Lin Hong when he sent envoys to Europe, so it was easy to imitate), Britain's economy declined significantly, industrial products were unsalable, and productivity declined. People's livelihood difficulties and political turmoil are the true portrayal of the current Britain.

The war for hegemony between the Chinese Empire and the British Empire has entered the negotiation stage.

On November 25, 1841, the British delegation arrived at Nanjing, the site of the peace talks, and the British plenipotentiary was the Earl of Elgin. The Count of Ergin served a long time overseas. This time, when the British Foreign Office handed over the peace resolution to the Earl of Elgin, it also selected him as the plenipotentiary of the British government. Along the way, Count Ergin thought of having to face all kinds of Chinese demands and carry the black pot for the country.

The Nanking negotiations did not begin at the coffee table, as Count Ergin had imagined, and the Chinese invited them into a room with a long table, and the people on both sides sat down across the old table. According to custom, Count Ergin asked his assistant to place a pedestal with two British flags on the table, and he was somewhat stunned that the Chinese also placed a pedestal with a five-color flag.

The basis of negotiation is strength, and the form in which strength is expressed is war. The squadron has achieved and continues to expand its victory on the battlefield, which is undoubtedly the best bargaining weight, Britain's advantage is at sea, but the Battle of Malacca not only deprived Britain of its naval superiority, but now the land base is gone, and he can only wait for the Chinese to come up with conditions to insult him.

Although his confidence was somewhat lacking, the first sentence of Count Ergin's words was still very hard, and he said with a serious expression to Zeng Guofan, the new foreign minister of the Chinese Empire, who had returned to China: "I think that the squadron should withdraw from India first, so that we can continue the basis for negotiations." ”

Zeng Guofan had already seen a lot of the British's tricks, and he said unceremoniously: "If the imperial team withdraws from India, do we still need to negotiate?" ”

"China's violation of the sovereignty of the British Empire is a grave provocation and a dangerous signal to the British Empire, and I must remind you that the British Empire has not exerted all its strength in this war, and if you ignore the interests of the British Empire, France at Waterloo 37 years ago is your country's example," said the Earl of Elgin. ”

"Your Excellency, I know a little about the Battle of Waterloo in 1815. First of all, I would like to remind you that this is Asia, in fact, I would like to remind you that there are Chinese, not French, sitting across from you. Secondly, I would like to tell you that France is separated from your country by a strait, and China is separated from your country by continents and oceans. The purpose of this is to tell Your Excellency that your country and my country are thousands of miles apart, and that there is no irreconcilable contradiction between the two sides. With regard to the issue of India, we can negotiate a solution, which is the best option for both your country and my country. I believe that France would be glad to receive our country's steam technology. ”

Count Ergin was speechless at the negotiating table, if he did not agree to China's conditions, the situation in India would simply not end, and now some British colonies in India have appeared unstable, but agreeing to the conditions of the Chinese, Count Ergin is unwilling. The conditions of the Chinese are also too harsh, Count Ergin looked at the map presented by the Chinese, those lands that originally belonged to British India, are now colored by the Chinese.

They actually demanded the return of the land in Gorkha that had been forcibly occupied by the British army, the land that had been encroached upon in Burma, the return of the land that had been seized in Bhutan, and the return of most of the land occupied by the squadron during the war was also owned by China, and demanded the establishment of Bangladesh between China and British India.

"No, you must not be allowed to tarnish the dignity of the British Empire, and if you want to do so, then let our soldiers be on the battlefield."

Although Count Ergin's voice was loud and his appearance was extremely angry, Zeng Guofan was extremely sure in his heart that he was clear about the situation on the battlefield in India, and the war over there still did not stop. The main army of the British has been completely lost, and if they want to fight again, they can transfer troops from the mainland, and I am afraid that they will not agree to China's conditions.

Since November 26, the two sides have been talking for 23 days. Negotiations between the two sides reached an impasse from time to time, during which the British refused to negotiate several times, but in the end they did not leave Nanjing.

On 14 March, the difficult negotiations finally came to fruition. Although the conditions were a bit harsh for the British, the situation was so that if the British did not agree, and the captured soldiers could not be released, then the British would lose all of India. And after North America ** the United States, India will be the foundation of Britain's rise and development, is the jewel in the queen's crown, if it loses India, Britain will plummet in Europe.

On March 15, the Treaty of Nanking was signed between the Chinese Empire and the British Empire in Nanjing. The contents of the treaty generally include: 1. Britain, as a party to the war, admits defeat in the war.

2. Britain ceded its colonies west of 100 degrees west longitude in North America, including the Yukon, Columbia, and Oregon Regions west of the Rocky Mountains, as colonies of the Chinese Empire, and China will protect the legitimate rights and interests of immigrants from the countries still living in these regions, and the Chinese Empire promises not to carry out organized colonization activities to the east.

3. Britain owned the area north of the Ganges River in northern India and recognized Bangladesh as a subject state under the protection of the Chinese Empire.

4. The British colonies returned to Burma.

5. The United Kingdom recognizes Kashmir as Chinese territory.

6. Britain ceded Singapore and other colonies in the Malay Peninsula, for which the Chinese Empire paid 5 million pounds as the cost of land purchase, and recognized Johor, Aceh, Brunei and other countries as protectorates of the Chinese Empire.

7. Britain allowed the Chinese Empire to dig the canal in Suez, Egypt, China obtained the right to excavate the Suez Canal, and had the permanent right to operate the Suez Canal, and China and Britain jointly established the Suez Canal Company, with a 6:4 ratio of shares between China and Britain. The Chinese Empire was allowed to garrison troops in the Suez area after the completion of the Suez Canal, but not more than 30,000. The British garrison in the Suez area was not to exceed 50,000.

8. Britain will guarantee that Chinese merchants will not be harmed if they allow Chinese merchants to enter Britain and its colonies for commercial activities.

9. China has granted Britain one-sided most-favored-nation status, and China will buy 50 million British government bonds to help Britain stabilize its domestic financial market.

10. Britain returned the Maldives and other Chinese colonies.

11. The Chinese Empire released the British soldiers captured in India at a price of one hundred pounds each, and the Chinese Empire sent troops to help the British put down the Indian uprising.

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In the Treaty of Nanjing, not only did the empire obtain the land and population in India, but also obtained the right to dig the Suez Canal, although the population of India Lin Hong did not look down, but the development of East Africa also needed the efforts of these Ah San! The war not only gained the northern part of India (present-day northern India, which is the area east of the Kolkata-Chiddaling line in the upper part of present-day Bangladesh) but also established the hegemony of the Chinese Empire in East Asia.

Perhaps in the past, the European countries only knew the East China as a friendly and wealthy power in the Far East, but now in their eyes, the Chinese Empire is the hegemon of the East, because China defeated Britain and defeated a country that even Napoleon could only look at and sigh at, whether at sea or on land