Chapter 151: The Mongolian Question
The ambitious King De, from the very beginning, chose to dance on the two eggs of Japan and Soviet Russia, and left a back hand for himself, the cunning rabbit three holes! His last hole card is that he holds a treasure of Genghis Khan, even if he has lost all his power and has nothing, he can make a comeback with this treasure, or live a life of a reclusive rich, even if it is not good, he can also take out part of this treasure to save his life. So no matter what time it is, he has the confidence to deal with any force.
The amount of substitution shakes the mother quantity outside the price
Set the generation of heart and skill to reduce the price
"Battalion Commander Fan! As for the stationing of your army in the Mongolian steppe, I think we have to think about it in the long run! I admit that Mongolia is under the direct jurisdiction of the Northwest Defense Commission of the Nationalist Government, but I, the prince, was also promoted by the Nationalist Government, and the Mongolian Political Council was also recognized by Chairman Chiang! You won't deny that! At this time, King De calmed down the panic just now, and took out the style of the Mongolian prince again, a little major he really didn't pay attention to.
"Oh! According to King De's will, I still need your consent for my Dragon Guard to enter here? Fan Weiguo's face gradually lost his smile.
Set to tease the country's heart
Freeze frame shake the amount of nourishment and tease more
"Not bad!" At this time, King De saw that the butler was also relieved and quietly walked out, and his heart regained his incomparable self-confidence.
"Hahaha! Do you think that your official position is higher than that of our commander-in-chief? Do you still need your approval for the decisions made by our commander-in-chief? After Fan Weiguo laughed for a while, his face sank.
From generation to generation, the price of the heart is reduced
From generation to generation, the price of the heart is reduced
In the recent period, Monan Mongolia saw that Mobei and Moxi Mongolia had completed the substantive "**", and King De also started the mind of Mo Nan ** and made a lot of preparations. Now how could he care about what a little major of the Dragon Guard Army meant?
The price of the price is more than the nickname
"Hehe, Camp Commander Fan! It seems that you don't know about our situation in Mongolia! King De completely adjusted his mentality, and said with a smile, "Since the beginning of the Qing Dynasty, Mongolia has its own ** nature, and at the same time maintains a high degree of autonomy!" You may also know that most of the Outer Mongolia is already under the jurisdiction of Mongolia. Everyone knows what is going on in Mongolia! And Monan Mongolia is under the management of the Mongolian Political Council, which is also a fact! So, Camp Commander Fan! You go back and report to Commander Qiao, if you have to enter the Mongolian region and cause the dissatisfaction of the Soviet Russian Empire and the anger of the Mongolian people, I'm afraid no one can easily solve it, right? β
In fact, King De is right, the outer Mongolia refers to the Mongolian flags of the Qing Dynasty with the hereditary Zasak as the banner, as opposed to the inner Mongolia. Outer Mongolia is divided into Inner Zasak Mongolia and Outer Zasak Mongolia. Neizasak Mongolia is also known as Neizasak or Inner Mongolia, and the banners of Neizasak later became part of the present-day Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. Waizasak Mongolia is also known as Waizasak, and the Outer Zazak Mongolia in the narrow sense is Outer Mongolia, including the four Khalkha parts.
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The price of the country is set at the price
Before the Manchu Qing Dynasty entered the customs and the Mongolian tribes were allied relations, after the Manchu Qing entered the customs and obtained the central power, the Mongol tribes of Monan, Mobei and Moxi gradually became vassals of the Qing Dynasty, but at the same time they also maintained a lot of **, they all had their own private army. So their relationship with the Manchus was also good and bad, and they either married into Manchu rulers or were conquered by force. However, because Mobei and Moxi Mongolia were farther away from the Central Plains, the Qing Dynasty's actual control over their various departments was weak, so they had greater autonomy.
From the 16th century onwards, Tsarist Russia operated Siberia and began to communicate with Outer Mongolia. In 1727, Russia signed the Treaty of Brensky and the Treaty of Kyakhta (collectively known as the Treaty of Brensky), which affirmed that Mongolia was under the jurisdiction of the Qing Dynasty. Tsarist Russia, for its part, was granted the privilege of trade in Kyakhta and Outer Mongolia. In 1854, the Governor-General of Eastern Siberia, Muravyov, said that "in the event of a coup d'Γ©tat in country Z, the new government of country Z should not be allowed to extend its power to Mongolia, in which case Mongolia should be protected by Russia." Most of the unequal treaties signed between Tsarist Russia and the Qing government included clauses on Russian interests in Mongolia. During this period, Russia vigorously promoted economic, cultural, and military exchanges with the Mongol ministries.
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In July of the third year of Xuantong (1911), the first initiator of the foreign government, Prince Handa Dorji of the Tushetu Khan Department, led a delegation to visit Russia and received support from Russia. After the Xinhai Revolution, the rule of the Qing Dynasty gradually collapsed, and Handa Dorji and others thought that the time was ripe. On November 30, the Russian and Mongolian troops surrounded the Yamen of the Kulen Minister, disarmed the Qing army, and escorted the Kulen Minister Sanduo and his entourage out of the country. In December, the princely lamas of Hangda Dorji and Chelin Qimit announced in Kulun that they would support the 8th Jebtsundamba Hutuktu of Outer Mongolia as the emperor and establish the government of the "Great Mongolian". On December 28, Jebtsundamba ascended the throne in Kulen and proclaimed himself the "Emperor of Nikko". This ** was not recognized by the Qing Dynasty government at that time and the subsequent Republic of China government.
Set the price of the teaser
In 1917, the October Revolution broke out in Russia. In 1919 and 1920, the newly established government of Soviet Russia and Egypt issued two declarations on China, announcing the abrogation of the unequal treaties concluded between Tsarist Russia and China and the renunciation of everything plundered from China. However, on the issue of Outer Mongolia, it de facto inherited the mantle of Tsarist Russia. On July 25, 1919 (shortly after the first declaration of Z), the Russian government also issued a statement to Outer Mongolia, saying: "Outer Mongolia is a free country, all its powers belong to Mongolia, and no foreign country has the right to interfere in its internal affairs." He also said that Soviet Russia demanded the immediate establishment of diplomatic relations with Outer Mongolia.
On November 3, 1912, the former Russian minister to China, Kosovets, signed the "Russian-Mongolian Entente" and the "Special Articles of the Russian-Mongolian Entente" with the "Jebtsundamba Government" in Kulen. After negotiations, on September 18, 1913, Foreign Minister Sun Baoqi and Russian Minister to China Kupensky reached an agreement on the "Z-Russia Declaration Document", which stipulated: 1. Russia recognizes the suzerainty of country Z in Outer Mongolia; 2. Country Z recognizes the autonomy of Outer Mongolia; 3. Country Z promised not to garrison, set up officials, or colonize Outer Mongolia, and Outer Mongolia would handle its own internal affairs and sort out all industrial and commercial affairs in its territory; Russia also promised not to send troops, colonize, or interfere in the internal affairs of Outer Mongolia; 4. Country Z recognizes Russia's mediation; 5. All issues concerning the interests of Russia and Russia in Outer Mongolia should be discussed separately. And annexes: 1. Russia recognizes Outer Mongolia as part of the territory of country Z; 2. All matters concerning the political and land negotiations in Outer Mongolia shall be jointly negotiated by the three parties: Z, Russia and Mongolia; 3. The Outer Mongolia Autonomous Region is limited to the territory under the jurisdiction of General Uriya Sutai, the former Qing Minister of Affairs in Kulen, and Counsellor Kobdo. Under the pressure of diplomatic and civil strife, the Beiyang government relented, did not station, colonize, or set up officials in Outer Mongolia, recognized the autonomy of Outer Mongolia, recognized the "Russian-Mongolian Entente" and its special articles, and in exchange for Russia's recognition of the suzerainty of country Z in Outer Mongolia, based on suzerainty derived from Russia's recognition of Outer Mongolia as part of the territory of country Z. The power of country Z over Mongolia has been reduced from sovereignty to suzerainty.
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Substitution of the amount of shaking and centering
On June 7, 1915, Russia and Mongolia signed the Kyakhta Agreement in Kyakhta, which concretized the "Russian Declaration Document". Accordingly, on June 9 of the same year, Outer Mongolia announced the cancellation of the "Great Mongolia of the First Dynasty and the Common Era Name". Yuan Shikai canonized the 8th Jebtsundamba as "Khutuktu Khan" and pardoned the ** activists. However, Outer Mongolia did not abandon the practice of ** and in fact remained under the control of Tsarist Russia. At this time, the struggle between the monks and lay factions in the upper echelons of Outer Mongolia tended to be white-hot, and the Jebtsundamba Hutuktu faction poisoned the "Minister of Foreign Affairs" Hangda Dorji and the Prince of Saiyin Noyan Namu Nang Sulun, suppressing the power of the secular princes.
In 1917, the October Revolution broke out in Russia. In 1919 and 1920, the newly established government of Soviet Russia and Egypt issued two declarations on China, announcing the abrogation of the unequal treaties concluded between Tsarist Russia and China and the renunciation of everything plundered from China. However, on the issue of Outer Mongolia, it de facto inherited the mantle of Tsarist Russia. On July 25, 1919 (shortly after the first declaration of Z), the Russian government also issued a statement to Outer Mongolia, saying: "Outer Mongolia is a free country, all its powers belong to Mongolia, and no foreign country has the right to interfere in its internal affairs." He also said that Soviet Russia demanded the immediate establishment of diplomatic relations with Outer Mongolia.
The price is changed in the grid price
The volume pricing is shaking
On November 7, 1919, as both the Russian White Army and the Red Army were caught in the Soviet and Russian civil war and had no time to take care of Outer Mongolia, the Outer Mongolian authorities suddenly sent a telegram to the Beiyang government, demanding the abolition of "autonomy", petitioning for the abolition of all Russian-Mongolian treaties and the restoration of the old system of the former Qing Dynasty. It turned out that Outer Mongolia originally relied on the support of Tsarist Russia to maintain its "autonomy". Now that the Russian government has collapsed and foreign aid from Outer Mongolia has been cut off, financial difficulties, social chaos, and popular opposition to "autonomy". The Kulen authorities could not protect themselves and had to turn to Beijing for help. As a result, Xu Shichang, president of the Beiyang government, and Duan Qirui, the head of the government, decided to send troops to Outer Mongolia and sent Xu Shuzheng, a direct general, to lead troops into Kulen, Outer Mongolia, to completely negate the "Sino-Russian Declaration", and the southern national government also sent a message to congratulate. On November 22, the Beiyang government ordered the abolition of Outer Mongolia's autonomy and the restoration of the old system with the "Proclamation of the President of the National Congress of Z". At the same time, the "Sino-Russian Declaration" and the "Kyakhta Agreement" were cancelled, and the Beijing government set up the "Northwest Border Mobilization Office of the Republic of China" in Kulen, with Xu Shuzheng's troops stationed in Outer Mongolia and sent troops to recover Tangnu and Ulianghai.
In 1919, Sukh-Baatar and Choibalsan, who were herders, sought the help of Soviet Russian internationalism to establish the Mongolian state. In 1920, with the help of Lenin, Sukh Bartar and Choibalsan formed the so-called Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party.
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Grid amount nickname gong set nickname teasing reduction
In fact, King De is right, the outer Mongolia refers to the Mongolian flags of the Qing Dynasty with the hereditary Zasak as the banner, as opposed to the inner Mongolia. Outer Mongolia is divided into Inner Zasak Mongolia and Outer Zasak Mongolia. Neizasak Mongolia is also known as Neizasak or Inner Mongolia, and the banners of Neizasak later became part of the present-day Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. Waizasak Mongolia is also known as Waizasak, and the Outer Zazak Mongolia in the narrow sense is Outer Mongolia, including the four Khalkha parts.
Gepi shook the amount of power and teased Xu
In July 1920, when the Zhiwan War broke out, Xu Shuzheng led his army back to the mainland, was defeated, wanted, and fled to the Japanese embassy. Coulomb was only partially armed. On February 11, 1921, during the Russian Civil War, the army of the White Russian Engean, with the support of the Japanese Kwantung Army, invaded Kulen. The garrison of country Z withdrew from Kulen, and some of them returned to the interior, and some of them were transferred to the city of Maimai under the leadership of Gao Zaitian, preparing for another battle. In March, Sukh-Bartar and Choibalsan led the formation of the Mongolian People's Army. On 18 March, the Mongol People's Party troops, with the support of the Russian army, captured the city and defeated the local defenders. Since country Z was on the eve of the first Zhifeng War, the warlords of various factions had no time to separate, so they had to sit back and watch the military conflict in Outer Mongolia. Taking into account the special situation in Outer Mongolia, Sukh-Baatar and Choibalsan presided over the establishment of a constitutional monarchy "Mongolian People's Revolutionary Government", with Bokdoggen of the royal family as the monarch. In order to maintain the separatist government, Su and Qiao asked for the protection of Soviet Russian forces, agreed to the Russian garrison, and assisted in encircling and suppressing the White Russian bandit army and hostile forces. As a result, the Russian army invaded Mongolia on May 25, and on July 6, it entered Kulen, and the White Russian leader Enggen was captured. In 1922, the Soviet Union and Mongolia signed an entente, and the Soviet Union took the lead in recognizing Outer Mongolia "**".
On April 17, 1924, the Mongolian monarch Jebtsundamba passed away. On May 31, 1924, the Beiyang government and Soviet Russia signed the "Outline for the Settlement of Outstanding Cases in Russia", which did not recognize foreign affairs. However, the treaty was not well implemented, and the Soviet troops did not withdraw from China, and the newspapers at that time reported that Soviet troops were stationed in all important areas of Outer Mongolia, and there were 3,000 Soviet troops in Kulen alone.
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Measure the cost of teasing
In June 1924, Choibalshan launched the movement to establish the "Mongolian People's Republic", the supreme power belonged to the Great Hural, there was no president, and the government handled state affairs in peacetime. On November 26, 1924, with the international support and promotion of Soviet Russia, the first Great Hural Conference was held in Kulen, and the Mongolian People's Party announced the abolition of the constitutional monarchy, formally established the so-called Mongolian People's Republic, established pro-Soviet Russia as an unchangeable national policy, allowed Soviet Russia to garrison troops, formulated a "constitution" imitating the Soviet Union, and changed Kulen to Ulaanbaatar in 1911. The Beiyang government headed by Cao Kun and Wu Peifu was very annoyed by the incident and hoped to send troops or intervene with the help of Britain, the United States, and the sunrise, but in view of the lack of national strength and the unfavorable situation, it only issued a sternly worded but ineffective government statement, which did not recognize the foreign government. The governments of major countries such as Britain and the United States did not recognize it at that time.
However, since then, the government of the Republic of China has been in a difficult situation at home and abroad, from the Northern Expedition to the Central Plains War, the Nanjing government has also been unable to deal with the Outer Mongolia issue.
Gepi Nick is outside the price
Dingdai shook his heart with a nickname
After Mu Han established the Longwei Army, Qiao Bashan and others, without knowing the truth, wanted to plunder the economic development of the southern Mongolian region, that is, the Baotou area of Suiyuan, and launched a surprise attack, but they did not want to be commanded by Mu Han, who was just in time to go to the secret inspection, at that time, the Fifth Division of the Dragon was killed, and the Soviet Russian army, which was a reinforced regiment, was also destroyed, and only less than 1,000 people remained, and all of them were captured. This is the first real meeting between the Z** team and the Mongolian and Soviet Russian teams.
Dingdai shook his heart with a nickname
The ambitious King De, from the very beginning, chose to dance on the two eggs of Japan and Soviet Russia, and left a back hand for himself, the cunning rabbit three holes! His last hole card is that he holds a treasure of Genghis Khan, even if he has lost all his power and has nothing, he can make a comeback with this treasure, or live a life of a reclusive rich, even if it is not good, he can also take out part of this treasure to save his life. So no matter what time it is, he has the confidence to deal with any force.
In the recent period, Monan Mongolia saw that Mobei and Moxi Mongolia had completed the substantive "**", and King De also started the mind of Mo Nan ** and made a lot of preparations. Now how could he care about what a little major of the Dragon Guard Army meant?
Pitai teased and shook and teased
Substitution pricing to raise the heart of the heart more
"King De, do you mean that you don't agree with our garrison?" Fan Weiguo said without any expression on his face.
"Huh! This is not what I mean alone, this is the meaning of the Mongolian ministries, and it is also the meaning of the people of Soviet Russia, who are very friendly with the Mongolian ministries! Master De said with a sly smile.
Determine the shaking power to replace the shaking of the heart
Dingding Nick Dai teasing Xu
"Smack!" Fan Weiguo slapped the table at that time, "King De, do you want to make it clear that since ancient times, Mongolia has been the territory of country Z, and we have garrisoned troops on our own territory, do you still have to look at the faces of foreigners?" What kind of logic do you have? Do you want to be a traitor? β
"Hey! Battalion Commander Fan! I'm thinking about all the Mongolians! If there is a war here, it is not us the Mongols who will suffer in the end? As the prince of Mongolia, how could I allow such a thing to happen? I hope Vice President Mu and the generals of the Long Weijun will think about this point clearly! King De said lukewarmly.
Measure the amount of shake and raise the nickname
Measure the amount of shake and raise the nickname
The ambitious King De, from the very beginning, chose to dance on the two eggs of Japan and Soviet Russia, and left a back hand for himself, the cunning rabbit three holes! His last hole card is that he holds a treasure of Genghis Khan, even if he has lost all his power and has nothing, he can make a comeback with this treasure, or live a life of a reclusive rich, even if it is not good, he can also take out part of this treasure to save his life. So no matter what time it is, he has the confidence to deal with any force.
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At this moment, Wang Sansheng walked into the palace hall with a dozen warriors and about seven or eight Soviet Russians.
"Report to the battalion commander! We caught these Russian Russians who wanted to slip away from the back door of the palace outside the palace! These are weapons and letters from them! Saying that, Wang Sansheng waved his hand, and several soldiers behind him put more than 10 Soviet-made firearms in the middle of the hall, and handed a secret letter that had not yet been opened to Fan Weiguo!
The price of the price of the pig, the price of the price