Under the light, Lin Yiqing was looking at a thick book.

"In 9087, Sir Maxim submitted a prototype of an automatic machine gun to the Imperial Navy for firing tests, and the caliber of the sample gun was deliberately changed to 8 mm in accordance with the Navy's requirements. However, the results of the shooting test were quite poor, the original Maxim machine guns all fired black powder bullets, but the Navy's Type 9087 8mm rifle cartridge was loaded with 46.3 grains of Type B smokeless gunpowder, and the rate of ignition and chamber pressure drop was much slower than that of black powder, and as a result, the recoil mechanism of the Maxim model gun, which was designed to accommodate black powder, did not work properly at all. Sir Maxim had to spend a great deal of time and effort refining his design, but the Navy had already made a bad impression of the Maxim automatic machine gun. Even though the improved Type 9090 Maxim machine gun was favored by the Army for firing smokeless cartridges, the Navy was not interested in testing the Browning-designed air-conductive machine gun. ”

"Browning completed his design around 9090, and subsequent testing and refinement work continued for two years, and the Navy officially finalized it as an 8 mm Type 9092 machine gun."

"As the ancestor of gas-conductive automatic weapons, the Type 9092 machine gun has many structural similarities with the Maxim machine gun, except that the bolt's action lever extends all the way to the bottom of the barrel. A hole was drilled at the lower end of the barrel, about 7 inches from the muzzle, from which gunpowder gas poured out and hit the lever piston outside the hole. The piston drive lever rotates backward along the axis of rotation fixed under the barrel, and the piston connecting rods that are hinged to each other are linked to push the bolt to unlock and recoil. When the recoil is in place, the bolt is like a Maxim machine gun, which is pushed back by the recoiling spring, and at the same time pushes a new round drawn from the canvas belt into the chamber. As long as the shooter does not release the trigger, the automatic cycle will continue until the ammunition is exhausted. ”

"The most striking feature of the Type 9092 machine gun in appearance is the use of a 28-inch long air-cooled barrel, which does not have the thick water-cooled sleeve of the Maxim machine gun. During the test, the barrel overheated due to continuous continuous firing, and a burst occurred, and a row of heat dissipation flakes jokingly called "Saratoga potato chips" by the Americans were released from the barrel car. The Qianguo soldiers jokingly called Browning's machine gun the 'old chicken neck' according to their familiar rooster neck feathers (the Type 9105 submachine gun with the same barrel fins design was the 'chicken neck'). The Imperial Marine Corps issued a code of conduct to the Type 9092 machine gun shooters, stating that the barrel should be replaced after 1,000 consecutive rounds. But the Navy did not make the same provision for machine-gun shooters on warships. According to the captain of an Imperial torpedo boat, all you had to do was bring the fire hose from the deck of the warship to the machine gun, and if the barrel was already red-hot, pour cold water on it, and you could continue to fight. ”

"When the Great Qian Empire first mobilized its newly established expansive navy to declare war on an established Western power, the first machine gun designed by Browning faced a number of problems waiting to be improved on the weapons testing ground. The Imperial Navy and Marines in 9091 could only carry Lin-Gatling machine guns to liberate the Philippines. Despite defeating the Spanish colonial army armed with the Schneider-Gatling gun, the Type 9076 Gatling was far less impressive than the Type 9087 naval rifle in this war, and it was outdated. ”

"The newly independent Philippines was immediately faced with serious political turmoil, and Bernifaxiu, the leader of the leading organization of the independence movement, 'Cadipnan', and the real commander of the revolutionary army, Emilio of Qianguo descent. Aguinardo broke openly. In early 9093, Aguinardo announced the dissolution of Cadipnan, and his unsuccessful attempt to arrest Bernifaxiu engulfed the island nation. The fleet of the Great Qianguo Empire, which had not yet been completely withdrawn, hurriedly transferred the marines back to protect the Qianguo nationals. This time they brought the latest Type 9092 machine gun. The Navy also seized the time to replace the 9092 machine guns on the ships. According to the claims of some foreigners, the dismantled Type 9076 Gatling guns were directly handed over to the self-defense forces established by overseas Chinese in the Philippines. Although the Imperial Navy and Marines were on guard duty in Manila, Cavite, and Cebu, the Type 9092 machine gun was not given a chance to test its capabilities because it was not involved in the civil war. ”

"It was a non-state force that made the Type 9092 machine gun the first combat record. This can be traced back to the Asia Petroleum Company, a joint venture between the Merchants Bureau of the Great Qian Empire and the London Rothchild Consortium, which in 9094 obtained oil development and port lease privileges in Balikpapan Bay in eastern Borneo through the Dutch and Indian governments. The company has signed a contract with Blackwater Security Affairs of the United States, which is responsible for protecting the safety of oil exploration work. On 9 August, an oil exploration team, escorted by 14 armed U.S. security guards, was attacked by local Dayaks, who killed several of the attackers. Because the scale of the first attack was small and there were no losses of its own, the exploration team did not retreat, but marched along the bay, deep into the hilly terrain to the north. The next morning, they were horrified to find that the makeshift camp had been surrounded by nearly a thousand cruel and fierce Dayaks with their head-hunting customs. After receiving the news, 150 American security guards from Blackwater quickly assembled and rushed to the rescue with a Type 9092 machine gun. The Dayaks besieged the expedition's camp as they turned frantically to attack the rescuers, but after a solid round of machine-gun fire, they wailed and dropped their scimitar spears and a hundred corpses. ”

"The Type 9092 machine gun is no less popular with foreign users than the famous Fuzhou-Makqin machine gun. In 9095, the U.S. Navy took the lead in purchasing this machine gun to replace the Gatling and Gardner manual machine guns on ships, and the caliber was changed to the same 6 mm as the U.S. Navy Lee rifle. Before the outbreak of the war with Spain over Cuba in 9098, Theodore Brown. Roosevelt paid out of his own pocket for his reckless cavalry regiment to purchase Browning machine guns that fired 7mm Mauser rounds. They succeeded in suppressing Spanish riflemen using the same ammunition during the battle of San Juan, opening the way for the attacking forces. The U.S. Army also found that the standard Colt-Gatling machine gun was completely inadequate to compete with the Spanish Army's Maxim machine gun. The Army urgently seconded a batch of 6mm Browning machine guns from the U.S. Navy, and after the war, Colt purchased the production rights from the Fuzhou Automatic Gun Company. The machine guns of the U.S. Army were equipped with 0.30-40 calibers, and after 9103, the Browning machine guns of the Army and Navy were uniformly switched to .30 caliber Springfield rifle cartridges, which were in service until after World War I. Based on the fact that the lever piston would swing back and forth constantly when the Browning machine gun fired, American soldiers gave it the nickname "potato digger." ”

"The French army also became interested in the Type 9092 machine gun, because a new automatic machine gun was needed to replace the already outdated Lifei platoon gun. Given that the French military often operated in the arid and scorching heat of the North African colonies, they were less interested in the water-cooled Maxim machine guns. The air-cooled Type 9092 machine gun, first designed to fire 8mm Lebor rounds, caught the attention of the French Army, which purchased more than 400 units. However, the French Army eventually opted for the locally produced Bennett-Mossi 9097 air-cooled machine gun and resold the purchased Browning machine gun to the Boers in South Africa. ”

"The Second Boer War turned gold- and diamond-rich South Africa into a place of murderous horror known to all. Military police units in the Republic of Dewasland and the Orange Free State, as well as a spontaneous Boer militia, acquired Type 9092 machine guns of different calibers. Under the cover of machine guns and German heavy artillery, the Boer army captured Leddy Smith and Mafretin, and even approached Durban for a time. The reason why the Boers besieged the diamond mining area of Kimberley but failed to take it was because the owner of the diamond mine, the mining magnate Cecil. Rhodes rushed into the Kimberley on the last train before the railroad was cut off. The car was accompanied by 700 Blackwater mercenaries, carrying 20 'potato diggers' and machine-gun bullets crammed into the carriage. ”

"Eager to regain Leddy Smith, the British Army, in both Coronso and Magsfontein, was subjected to heavy Boer machine-gun fire, killing and wounding. When Redfuss. While Admiral Buller planned a detour to Leddy Smith from the south, the heaviest battle took place at Spivan Hill, where the Lancaster Brigade attack was stopped by Boer machine-gun positions behind the rocks at the top of the hill in a small clearing in front of the hillside. Within a quarter of an hour, the 2nd Lancashire Fusiliers Regiment had suffered all casualties. Even under constant shelling of the hills, the Boers calmly reversed the direction of the Browning machine guns and Maxim slamming guns, and strafed the 60 rifle regiments and the Scottish rifle regiment that occupied the summit of the Twin Peaks to the east. While the latter, suffering heavy casualties and being forced to abandon their occupation and retreat down the hill, machine-gun and machine-gun fire shifted back to the slopes of Spivin, where the remnants of the Lancastrian Brigade and the 10th Brigade, which had come to reinforce them, were huddled in what would later be known as the 'One Acre Slaughterhouse', debating whether to retreat or continue the attack, when the rain of bullets whizzed and knocked them down in rows. Among those killed was Commander-in-Chief Redfuss. Sir Buller himself, shocked by the slaughter of British soldiers in khaki uniforms by Boer machine gunners and snipers, desperately crossed the Tuguera River to take command. Louis. General Botha, having received the report from the scouts, ordered the Boer artillery, armed with 75-mm Krupp guns, to fire a salvo that destroyed Redfuss. Bühler and his command. ”

"The machine-gun units of the Boers shocked the British Army, and the British government hastily threw large quantities of Vickers-Maxim machine guns into South Africa, including the use of armoured trains with a large number of machine guns to protect the railway line. The Royal Canadian Infantry Regiment and Cavalry Corps that went to war in 9100 carried the .303 caliber Type 9092 Browning machine gun. The Canadian's Browning machine guns were used well in the battles for which Paadberg and Le Liefontein were famous, effectively suppressing the famous snipers and partisan cavalry of the Boers. ”

"It was the Germans who were more intimidated than the British. Even though the German infantry had tasted the power of the flying platoon guns in the 9070 War, the top generals of the German Army still believed that field guns were enough to destroy enemy machine guns within range, and were indifferent to the development of machine guns. It was not until 9088 that the Arabs of East Africa launched an uprising against German colonial rule, and the mercenaries of the German East Africa Company used Nordenfeld-style hand-cranked machine guns purchased from the British to suppress the uprising. The German Army finally made the Nordenfeld machine gun its standard equipment. In 9089, the commissioner in East Africa, Wiesman, with 600 soldiers and 4 Nordenfeld machine guns, completely eliminated Buhiri. Root. Salim led a rebellion by armed Arab slave traders. These modest victories over the indigenous rebellion led to a rapid change in the attitude of the German staff and a die-hard supporter of the Nordenfeld machine gun. This only shows how far apart there was between the thinking of the German military department and the real battlefield after 9070. ”

In this situation, the attitude of the German military towards the new automatic machine gun can be imagined. In 9090, Sir Maxim went to Berlin Spandau with a 7.92 mm machine gun made in Fuzhou for a shooting demonstration. In half a minute or so, Sir Maxim had completed 333 rounds of ammunition from his machine gun, but the German Army scoffed at this achievement, as the five-barreled Nordenfeld machine gun, which they were commonly equipped with, had a maximum rate of fire of 1,000 rounds per minute, even though it was simply not sustainable for a hand-cranked machine gun. Kaiser Wilhelm II gave a rude order: 'Let the English salesman hired by the barbarians of the country go back.' ’”

"The humiliation of the British with various high-profile international events was the repertoire of Wilhelm II. So he not only sent a congratulatory message to the government of the Republic of Dewasland after the Janssen incident, but also took practical action further. In 9097, the German government signed a treaty of friendship and commerce with the Orange Free State. Immediately after the British government announced the dispatch of troops to the Natal colony, a large number of so-called armed volunteers sailed from Germany and landed in Portuguese East Africa. Colonel Coster, a retired officer of the German Army, under the command of a retired officer of the German Army, traveled to Texas across the land border. By the time the Portuguese government was forced to close the port to the Germans under the threat of the British, more than 4,000 volunteers had been assembled under Colonel Coster. It must be noted that many of them were not Germans, including the most staunch Irish anti-British, volunteers from the United States, France, Italy, Tsarist Russia, and Scandinavia. But the neat Mauser rifles in their hands and the latest Krupp guns all show who is really behind the Coaster volunteer troops. ”

"The only thing the Boers were entitled to ridicule was the machine guns that the Germans had brought. Although the Coaster Volunteer Unit is equipped with the latest Nordenfeld machine guns that fire 7.92mm smokeless cartridges, in the final analysis, the manual hand-cranking method makes it impossible for it to consistently deliver fire for a long period of time like the Maxim or Browning automatic machine guns. The five-barreled Nordenfeld machine gun was four or five times heavier than the Browning machine gun in the hands of the Boers, and the sustained rate of fire was only half that of it. The Coaster unit was also armed with a rare single-barreled Nordenfeld machine gun, which was characterized by its lightness, with a 13-pound body mounted on a lightweight tripod. Theoretically, it can reach a rate of fire of 900 rounds per minute, but in fact, it usually turns red with a barrel of about 100 rounds. During the offensive and defensive battle in Pretoria, a German volunteer cavalryman carrying a single-barreled Nordenfeld machine gun attempted to raid the position of the Royal Canadian Artillery, but was unfortunately discovered by the Canadian machine gun crew guarding the artillery position. After a hopeless firefight, the Germans, including dismounted cavalrymen and machine gunners, were swept away by .303" Browning machine guns. ”

After the fall of Pretoria, the German survivors of the Coster Volunteer Force were repatriated to Germany as prisoners of war by the British government. Those officers who had served as commanders, who were immediately reinstated in their positions and ranks in the German Army, gave detailed reports on the situation in South Africa, especially the heavy fighting in which both sides used machine guns on the front lines. William and his generals woke up from a dream and began to look for a new machine gun that could be loaded. In 9102, Theodore. Bergman's water-cooled heavy machine gun was selected by the German Army and first sent to serve in Southwest Africa, where it slaughtered Herero and Khotundu insurgents, and then killed nearly 200,000 locals in the Horse and Horse Rebellion that swept through German East Africa. The Bergman Type 9102 machine gun was an improved version after the battle, and the 9110 was officially finalized as the MG10 heavy machine gun, which became the most feared opponent of the Allied armies in the world war. ”

"The war between the Great Qian Empire and the Japanese Empire over Korea was the first time in history that automatic machine guns showed their might on a large scale. The number of marines armed with the Type 9092 Browning machine gun was much smaller than that of the Daqian Imperial Army, which was armed with the Maxim machine gun. But the percentage of them that had machine guns was not low. In 9097, a heavy machine gun company of the Imperial Army had only four Maxim Type 9090 or 9097 machine guns, while the Marine Machine Gun Company had six Type 9092 machine guns. Moreover, the formation and operation of the Marine Corps are more flexible, and the infantry battalions that are on guard or attacking in key directions are often supported by one or two machine-gun companies. This caused heavy losses for the Japanese Army, which did not even have an automatic machine gun, and lost the face that the Japanese held in high esteem. ”

"Incheon, the most important trading port in western Korea, was listed as a target by the Imperial Japanese Army from the very beginning. There seemed to be only a weak obstacle standing in the way of the First Army of the Japanese Army: 1,300 Marines, only one-tenth of the attacking force, but with six Browning-style machine-gun batteries. The generals of the Japanese Army will soon understand what this means. It took them almost half a month to manage to 'clear' the outer defensive positions of Incheon. The defenders stationed in makeshift positions that could not be called strongholds at all were improvised contingents of marines. The core of each task force is one or two Type 9092 machine guns and a number of riflemen. The Japanese marching columns or cavalry reconnaissance teams were first sniped with rifles, and when the Japanese commanders, judging that the enemy was outnumbered, ordered a charge to annihilate the enemy in one fell swoop, and the attackers fell into a trap woven by machine-gun fire. When the belated Japanese artillery opened fire in an attempt to relieve the infantry cavalry, who were being killed by Browning's machine guns, the task force immediately withdrew from its position and headed for the next planned ambush site. Such piecemeal ambush warfare gave full play to the advantages of the tactical flexibility of the Marine Corps, which caused the Japanese First Army to complain endlessly. They proceeded more and more slowly, and finally stopped at the Gyeyangsan defensive line on the northeastern outskirts of Incheon and began a hard-fought offensive battle. ”

"The Japanese First Army finally figured out the fact that they had no advantage over the defenders of Inchon except for numbers, and they were even inferior in firepower. Convinced that there were no permanent fortifications in the rest of Incheon except for the coastal defense batteries on Ganghwa Island and Yeongjong Island in the west, the First Army was only equipped with field artillery, and the largest artillery it carried was only a 2.95-inch Krupp gun. This level of artillery fire not only did not pose any threat to the defenders' field fortifications made of barbed wire trenches and machine-gun bunkers, but could not even suppress the Marine artillery, but was completely suppressed by the other side - except for the Habekaisian sampan guns of the same caliber but three times faster, and 4.7-inch long-range naval guns equipped with land artillery mounts were also deployed on the positions on the Guiyang Ridge. Not to mention that through the echo signal, the Marines could conveniently summon the artillery fire of the Imperial fleet to 'clean' the positions of the Japanese troops. ”

"I thought it was a soft persimmon that could be crushed with my hand, but it made the generals of the First Army feel that they had hit an iron plate now. The request for additional heavy artillery was rejected by the General Staff Headquarters - the army was desperately searching for various types of heavy artillery in order to break through the Pyongyang-Taedong River defense line of the Qianguo army, and not a single large-caliber artillery could be wasted in a secondary direction. In desperation, the First Army could only count on an infantry attack to destroy the artillery positions. So the machine-gun company of the Marine Corps had a stage for performance again. ”

"Their performances were just outstanding. The Japanese army was troubled to find that they could not concentrate their forces to attack any of the hills held by the Qianguo. As the Japanese infantry climbed the hill and struggled forward, thinking they had found a dead spot to dodge the bullets from the top of the hill, the Marine machine-gun position on the adjacent hill shattered the hopes of the Japanese with fierce side fire, leaving them on the hillside mercilessly forever. When Major General Oshima, who was in charge of directing the attack, was shot and wounded while inspecting the front line, the Japanese army began to move to a night offensive. Unfortunately, the Qianguo seemed to have anticipated this, and they simply moved the ship's searchlights into the trenches and planted pressurized mines on the slopes in front of the barbed wire. The Japanese could not obtain the first condition for night operations: concealment. Day or night, the only value of the offensive seemed to be to consume the ammunition of the Qianguo people with the lives of the Japanese soldiers. However, the Japanese naval fleet could not cut off the sea supply from the Qianguo side outside the port of Incheon, and the marines did not worry about ammunition at all. ”

"The defenders conscripted almost all of the local Korean residents as auxiliaries to the city defense forces and to perform various forms of labor. Some Westerners who stayed in Inchon also spontaneously joined the battle to defend the city, such as the Englishman James Murphy. 'I didn't get a chance to try my new revolver on the Japanese,' he said, 'and our job was to carry bullets from all over the trenches to the machine-gun emplacements, and those marvelous killing machines were devouring the bullets we had laboriously brought in at a rate of 400 rounds per minute. Some machine gun crews fired more than 20,000 rounds without changing the barrel, and the machine gunners soaked cotton blankets in cold water to temporarily wrap the barrel to cool down if it overheated. During the Battle of Incheon, a Type 9092 machine gun fired more than 70,000 rounds of ammunition at most without any malfunction. ”

"Some French Army Staff officers believe that the machine gun tactics of the defenders of Inchon were modeled after the successful experience of the French army in the defensive battle of Halong in 9070 using the Lifei platoon gun. Leave that aside, the Marines fired horribly at the charging Japanese from both sides with machine guns, and the bullets covered the entire line of skirmishers, mowing the attackers clean. In the area of the northern and eastern slopes of Gyeyang Mountain, Japanese corpses were piled up in 4 to 5 layers, filling the trenches in the mountains. When Lieutenant General Michikan Nozu rushed from the army headquarters to replace Major General Yoshimasa Oshima, who had died of his wounds, the Oshima Mixed Brigade was in fact completely wounded. ”

"Lieutenant General Nozu felt that he could not afford to stand still in front of the defense line of the Qianguomen, especially after the defeat of the Japanese Army from the front line of Pyongyang, and the news of some victories in Japan was urgently needed. He imitated the actions of his opponents, and divided his troops into several task forces, much larger of course, in an attempt to penetrate through the gaps in the Gyeyangshan defensive line and storm the city. The task forces also carried 'field machine guns', which were fixed to six Murata rifles in a wooden frame to make a poor replacement for a machine gun. ”

"What Lieutenant General Nozu did not know was that during the period of the futile siege of the Oshima Brigade, the Incheon defense line was reinforced by more than 500 sailors and marines. Although the reinforcements may seem insignificant, they drove North Korean laborers to dig trenches around the city and erect multiple barbed wire fences. This doomed the failure of the infiltration tactics. In fact, only two or three detachments managed to penetrate the vicinity of the city and ended up trapped between the barbed wire fence and the trenches, becoming living machine-gun targets. ”

"Because of Incheon's importance in North Korea, the defense of Inchon was fought almost under the noses of Western journalists and military observers, and was watched by the whole world. In contrast, the occurrence of fighting on the east coast of North Korea did not attract much attention, although its impact on coastal amphibious operations could have been revolutionary. ”

"At the beginning of the war, while the main force of the Japanese Army landed in Pusan, the 12th Mixed Brigade occupied Wonsanjin, the largest port on the east coast of Korea on the Sea of Japan, and after completing the landing, it went all the way west to Pyongyang, leaving only one infantry squadron and two field guns to defend the port and military station. As time passed, the battle situation along the Pyongyang-Taedong River gradually became unfavorable for the Japanese army, and the Japanese army felt the need to secure a rear route, but the huge casualties made it difficult for the General Staff Headquarters to draw more troops from the Korean troops. In the end, it was decided to draw an infantry brigade from the 45th Wing, plus a squadron of cavalry, and the Tokyo Bay Fortress Command sent a heavy artillery brigade equipped with 4.7-inch Krupp cannons to form the Wonsantsu garrison. As a matter of fact, it was simply not enough to defend against the landing attack launched by the Daqian Empire with such a meager force. Based on their own experience, the Japanese believed that a large-scale landing operation using the traditional sampan transfer method would have to last several days to complete, and that the garrison would be sufficient to support the arrival of reinforcements. ……”

Seeing this, Lin Yiqing's mind seemed to have those unforgettable days and nights of commanding operations in North Korea.

It was the complete victory of the Ding You War that laid the foundation for the current hegemony of the Daqian Empire, which continues to this day.

"Your Royal Highness, the Queen Mother and the Emperor have arrived, just waiting for you to go over and start the meeting."

Lin Yiqing nodded, closed the book in his hand, stood up, straightened the embroidered gold dragon splendid military uniform on his body, took his military hat embedded with the ruby double dragon badge and put it on, and walked out of the office.

(End of book)