The management of Dongting Lake and Poyang Lake was carried out in conjunction with land reform. In the Qing Dynasty, in order to prevent floods and store floods, it was necessary to remove the embankments of the common people around the lake to make fields, but because the problem of land relations was not solved, and the people were not given a way to live, thousands of people knelt on the embankments and were not allowed to pick up.

It's not that the common people don't grow other crops, on the one hand, the imperial court doesn't pay attention to it and doesn't buy it. On the other hand, transportation leads to very high transportation costs for agricultural products, and even the military rations collected by the imperial court are also consumed on the road. If there is no planting, there will be no processing industry, and the processed products will not be sold. This is the vicious circle.

Therefore, changing land relations is only the most basic part of rural reform, and solving the transportation problem will greatly reduce the cost of agricultural products in circulation, so that ordinary people in other places can afford to buy them.

For example, the grain from the surrounding area of Dongting Lake in Hunan Province was transported to Baotou, and I am afraid that there was not one in ten in the past. Now it is transported by rail, with minimal consumption and low cost.

Zhang Ruoming once emphasized in a paper how to verify transportation costs and avoid the problem of businessmen charging windfall profits. Zeng Simin and Guo Hua are very strict about the control of the transportation system. At the same time, Wu Peifu is also working hard to improve the railway dispatching system and increase the utilization rate and capacity of the railway. The Fairy Research Institute has developed a large container, a container with a refrigeration function, which can complete the problem of preservation.

Some of the various points around Dongting Lake buy fish, meat, various vegetables and agricultural products. Mainly exported and shipped to the north. Only some specialties are found in the city's markets, and most of them are processed foods. Because it is difficult to distinguish the city from the countryside now. There are still not many families that are not engaged in agricultural production at all. Mostly schools. Merchants, most of whom are foreign merchants. There are also nomadic pastoralists in pastures, forestry workers, fishermen and fish breeders, and so on.

Due to the strict cost of government accounting, price information was transmitted faster than the time it took for merchants to transport Middle-earth. Some individual businesses engaged in the internal circulation of goods can barely survive and join the state-run supply and marketing system. Because at least it can ensure that the family has no less protection than other family life.

Some also joined Zhang Ruoming's foreign trade army.

Because of these policies. Residents of the Dongting Lake and Poyang Lake areas began to evacuate and transform their industries. Fishery and shallow water cultivation are also carried out, and there are also various types of aquaculture. Most of the embankments were pulled out. Wetlands and coastal forest areas are recovering.

Improvements in agricultural technology quickly halted soil erosion. The amount of water entering the lake is stable, and the amount of sediment is very small. This is true even for torrential rains. After all, Jiangnan's environment is very resilient and evolves very quickly.

The further north you go, the slower the recovery.

The Wei River basin is a very clear watershed.

Fortunately, from Lanzhou to Xi'an, a huge green corridor is being formed by roads and rivers and soil conservation areas. The proportion of animal husbandry, fishery, and forestry processing industries and industries is increasing, absorbing a large number of people. The proportion of agriculture is shrinking. The amount of sediment in the Wei River is decreasing rapidly.

Some grass has been planted around the sedimentation tank of the pound house used for pumping irrigation, but the management personnel have not dared to pull out the cement sedimentation tank.

The students who manage the pound house have settled in the village. He is the head of the village, and he has a high prestige in the village.

"The water quality is much better than before. What used to be half a glass of water was half sediment, now it's less than one-sixth. The main problem is soil erosion in the fields. There are very few places where grass and trees are planted, and the forestry station is preparing to bring in mosses and lichens this year. ”

The young village chief took Zhang Chun and Lizhi to a tree. Underneath the tree is an artificial mossy turf. On the other side is the turf of lichens.

"They usually bring some and throw them in the shade and grass. Mostly a dark and damp environment. When it first started. It's only small, but it grows fast. Now there is such a large area. ”

Reiz looked at it with a magnifying glass and said, "Yes, there are many insects and creatures living in moss, and the fallen leaves here decay faster than in other places. The water retention is also very good, and the water vapor condenses on it, and it remains moist until now. ”

"Here, the loess will swell and collapse when it encounters water. This is a place where soil erosion is serious in the loess area, and at the same time, it will harden as soon as it dries, which is very unfavorable for the reproduction of plants and organisms. If soil erosion is contained, it may be later than we think. It's not just about planting grass and trees. It can take five to ten years for the amount of humus and biological populations in the soil to have the desired effect. ”

"How's the yield of the farmland?"

"Not good. The output is about 30% of the Hubei region. Even the use of phosphate fertilizers is not effective here, because the soil environment is not good. The strains in phosphate fertilizers die quickly. Even if it is used at the same time as farm fertilizer, the effect is not ideal. And the fertility will be lost very quickly. But we gathered all the farmland in the village and planted taro in rows of rape, wheat, beans, sweet potatoes, and near the ditch. There are also some imported crops made abroad. Try to intercrop and stagger the harvest season. Reduce the time of soil exposure. After two years of returning farm manure and straw to the field, although the effect is not good, it is much better than at the beginning. It's just that the people in the village are a little tired, and they are busy every day. The income is still good, and life is much better. ”

Zhang Chun smiled: "Good job, are you still used to life?" ”

The young man looked at the young wives and fellow villagers behind him, and said with a smile: "Get used to it, the conditions are not as good as Hubei, but it will be better." We have also engaged in some aquaculture, and there are many more varieties of vegetables grown in various households. It's just no, don't I still have a salary, just sell it on the street. ”

Zhang Chun and Lizhi walked into the farmland to look at the soil. Fortunately, there are already some fermented straws in it. However, it is true that as the young man said, the humus layer has not yet formed, it is very dry, and the biological population is very small.

"How long do you think it will take to halve soil erosion?"

"When it comes to farmland alone, it's actually a good job of staggering the harvest season, intercropping and crop diversification. Two years is the best way to do it. However, what we think is that if we can restore the first-class farmland in Hubei, it will take about five years, but it will take ten years to reach the star-rated farmland. ”

Lizhi smiled: "You also classified the farmland. ”

The young man nodded: "Some farmland in the old area of Hubei has turned black, and a glass of water poured into it can save half of the water, because there are many biological and microbial populations in it, and it is symbiotic with plants." This kind of land is very productive. The utilization of biophosphate and biopotash is very high. The common people call this kind of field Lingtian, and we call it Dark Moon Level Farmland. ”

"Is there really such farmland?" His wife beside him asked.

"Yes, but it takes a long time to cultivate. There is farmland in the old area that has been raised for 30 years, and that's it. Such farmland, if planted reasonably. Even if it rains heavily, the water left behind is clear. Shaanxi can't do it, it's good to be able to reach the first category. The first criterion is that the decomposition of fermented straw in the soil does not stop. You see, now the fermented straw in the soil is quickly dehydrated and the decay stops. In place of corruption is oxidation, which is far from good. ”

"Yes, it's not suitable for the survival of microorganisms, that's why the corruption will stop. It's going to be fine. You've done a great job. ”

The young man said embarrassedly: "Mr. Zhang, I wonder if I can stay here, I have feelings for here, and I will hand over a kind of field to you in a few years." ”

Li Zhen smiled: "It's reluctant to have a wife." ”

Both young men blushed.

Zhang Chun said with a smile: "If you want to stay, stay, but don't forget to learn and summarize, write down your experience, and pass it on to your juniors." And be careful, your juniors and sisters have more contact than you, and if you don't work hard, you will fall behind. Being a farmer is not so simple either. ”

The young man grinned: "It is appropriate that the younger brothers and sisters are better than us." But they have to be better than my son and daughter to be competent. ”

The two students who followed behind Zhang Chun smiled and said, "Senior, you are cheating, you have to be better than our sons." ”

On the Hanzhong Plain and on both sides of the Wei River, there are many students who stay, and most of them will settle down. In Shaanxi, the proportion of people working in processing enterprises is very small. But every family in Hubei has someone working in a nearby factory, and there is little difference between the city and the countryside due to the scattered layout.

The further north you go, the greater the difference, because the yield of the farmland is greatly reduced and far from being comparable to that of the factory.

However, the standards for recruiting workers in factories are very high. Even in the livestock farm, the forestry station is the same, this generation of ordinary people just do ordinary work, and the new generation of students, whether in terms of physical strength or professional knowledge, is not comparable to the older generation. That's why every family tries to get their children to school because the government's subsidy for schools ensures that the children have the nutrition they need to grow.

The common people have great respect for teachers and students, and even more so for Zhang Chun, a couple who are respected as "cultural people". (To be continued......)