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Chapter 1835: Pandora's Box Opens

The speed at which a country has been in the wartime system for two years can be seen from the speed of construction of the Yaoting Bay Nuclear Power Plant. Pen | fun | pavilion www. ｂｉｑｕｇｅ。 ｉｎｆｏ

In October 38, the plain area of Dalai, which is located in the basin of the Cardamom Mountains, was still a barren land, full of thorns and jungles, but only two months later, the railway from Yaoting Port (in August 39, Kampong Son City was renamed Yaoting City) to Dara, a total of four engineering divisions of nearly 100,000 people, more than 1,000 construction machinery, 24 airships, and 180 helicopters participated in the construction of the railway.

At the same time as the construction of the railway, the valley basin with a radius of 50 kilometers was quickly sorted out, and various buildings began to be built in the center of the basin according to the design drawings. Infrastructure such as temples and reservoirs that provide water for domestic use are readily available.

On the surface, it is no different from an ordinary city, but a few kilometers to tens of kilometers away from the "urban" community, in addition to the deliberately preserved primeval jungle, there are also barbed wire fences and dense watchtowers, all kinds of light and dark posts, huge air defense positions and missile launch bases, making it difficult for even birds to cross here.

In the midst of the city's construction, scientists, workers, technicians and their families from all over the country have been flocking here to collect their own houses and immediately devote themselves to intense work. By August this year, the city's population had exceeded 500,000, and in addition to nuclear energy experts, energy-intensive electromagnetic, electronic, metallurgical, and power laboratories had also been relocated here, and countless laboratories had been built into a science and technology city.

At the heart of Draa is the Yaoting Bay Nuclear Power Plant. As early as the rapid development of urban construction, the construction of nuclear power plants has already started at the same time.

The Yaotingwan Nuclear Power Plant is a nuclear power plant using pressurized water reactor technology, the core of which is a pressurized water reactor with a reactor core inside the pressure shell.

According to the design plan, the core of the PWR is composed of more than 100 square fuel assemblies, each of which contains more than 200 fuel element rods, and a pressurized water reactor has a total of more than 20,000 to 40,000 fuel element rods. Each element rod is three meters long and 10 millimeters in diameter, and contains uranium dioxide fuel pellets with a spacing of three millimeters from one rod to another.

The first circuit of a nuclear reactor is a high-temperature and high-pressure closed system, which consists of a reactor, a pressure shell, a main circulation pump, a main pipeline, a voltage regulator and a steam generator.

This circuit uses pressurized water as the heat carrier and moderator, which is pumped by the main circulation pump, enters the core, and flows through the gap between the fuel element rods from bottom to top, taking away the heat generated by the fission of the low-concentration uranium-235 nuclei in the fuel element, and then flows out of the pressure shell, enters the steam generator, and transfers the heat to the secondary circuit water outside the tube through thousands of heat transfer tubes, generating steam and driving the steam turbine generator to generate electricity.

After the heat carrier is discharged from the steam generator, it is returned to the main circulation pump and then fed into the core, forming a completely closed circulation system. The function of the regulator is to act as a buffer when the volume of water changes due to temperature changes in the system, so that the pressure of the system remains stable at all times.

The purpose of using high-pressure water as the heat carrier in this circuit is to increase the temperature of the heat carrier in order to improve the thermal efficiency of the power station without boiling, it is necessary to know that large-scale boiling in the core must be avoided in the construction of pressurized water reactors, because it will lead to the burning of fuel elements. The thermal efficiency of this circuit is about 30 to 35 percent, and the thermal efficiency utilization rate is lower than that of high-temperature and high-pressure thermal power stations, but considering the price of these uranium purchased by Nanhua, it is many times more economical than that of thermal power stations.

As for the second circuit system of the reactor, this system is not fundamentally different from the conventional thermal power station, the steam generated by the steam generator drives the steam turbine generator set to produce electric energy, and the pan-cooling after the work is condensed into water in the condenser, and then through the condensate pump, feed pump, back to the steam generator, recycling.

Therefore, the main difference between a nuclear power plant and a conventional thermal power station is the equipment that produces steam, which is a boiler that burns coal, while a nuclear power plant is a circuit system composed of nuclear reactors and steam generators.

However, since no country in the world has ever had experience in building nuclear power plants, and many of the data obtained by the laboratory may not be accurate and reliable, the root cause of the accident was eliminated as much as possible to minimize the degree of harm when the nuclear power plant was designed on paper.

According to Ding Molan's suggestion, the design is rigidly stipulated that the main equipment such as pressure shells, main pipelines, steam generators, etc. are made of ductile steel to avoid brittle explosion accidents, and the design and manufacturing equipment are strictly standardized.

Professor Femi, a Jewish nuclear physicist, further suggested that the core design of the nuclear power plant should ensure its inherent safety, such as the reasonable selection of water-uranium ratio in light water reactors, and the full use of the Doppler effect of uranium-238 to make the reactor self-stable; Limiting the reactive introduction rate, such as using only inefficient control rods and limiting the lifting speed, can not only save costs, but also limit the rate of change of boron concentration in the water of the first circuit of the PWR, which can lead to a rapid increase in reactor power. Fault and safety principles are set, such as the electrical and mechanical design of the control rod, and the control rod will automatically land when the power supply is interrupted, so as to increase controllability.

In order to meet these requirements, the engineers in charge of the design of the nuclear power plant carried out millions of calculations on electronic computers and systematic experiments in the laboratory.

Master Li Jiaxian, a nuclear physicist from southern Yunnan, has designed a set of automatic adjustment system and safety protection system.

The function of this system is to maintain the normal operation of the reactor and its auxiliary equipment within the allowable operating conditions. The function of the safety protection system is to enable the reactor to automatically shut down or reduce the power when the operating parameters exceed the allowable limit.

In the design of these systems, Lee creatively proposed the principles of reproducibility, testability, and diversity. Among them, repeatability refers to the fact that each parameter is measured by several independent channels, and 2/3, 2/4 and so on are taken to conform to the principle to avoid an accident in a measurement channel itself, and give an error signal, so that the automatic adjustment system or safety protection system is misoperated, and each channel can be checked in good condition during operation, so as to find hidden dangers in time and ensure that the system is in a good working or ready state.

Diversity means that for the same kind of accident, in addition to one main protection parameter, there is one or several backup protection parameters with completely different principles, such as a sudden increase in reactor power, in addition to the ionization chamber signal, there is also the temperature of the heat carrier and the pressure of the primary circuit as backup protection.

Nuclear fission physicist Fritz. Strassman & Lizze. Experts and professors such as Meitner have designed a series of countermeasures in the event of an accident according to the characteristics of nuclear fission. For example, the most serious accident of PWR is water loss, such as the rupture of the main pipe, which causes the core to lose its cooling and melt, and the recommendation is to set up a safety injection system to inject cooling water into the core in the event of a water loss accident to keep it cool. Another example is to set up an emergency power supply, such as a fast-starting diesel generator, to supply power to key equipment and ensure the safe shutdown of the power station in the event of a power outage caused by an earthquake, tsunami or flood.

Quantum physicist Karl Marx. Planck, Marx. In the laboratory, Professor Born produced a design plan for the non-proliferation barrier against radioactive materials. With this design, there are three barriers around the PWR:

The first is the fuel element cladding, which retains most of the fission products in the cladding, but the number of elements is too large, and the south side ruptures during operation, and a part of the fission products, especially gases and volatile elements, such as krypton, iodine, bromine, etc., will enter the primary circuit. Corrosion products are also activated to become radioactive materials, and tritium is also produced in the heat carrier. These radioactive materials are retained in the second barrier primary circuit.

At the same time, the power station also designed a wastewater and waste gas treatment system to continuously lead out the radioactive materials in the primary circuit water for treatment, so that their concentration is reduced to the allowable standard and then sent to the artificial river for dilution and discharge. Finally, in the event of the most serious circuit rupture, the third barrier containment vessel retains all radioactive material in the shell for a long time and does not leak out.

In less than two years, since the first tank of concrete was poured on the bottom plate of the nuclear island on January 26, 39, to August 1, the builders of Nanhua have built a total of 10 600,000 kilowatt nuclear reactors, installed 60 steam turbine generator sets with a total of 6 million kilowatts, and built supporting plants and power transmission facilities.

This newly built nuclear power plant area, mainly including the core part, waste treatment, water supply and drainage, power supply, maintenance, warehouse, pre-plant area, etc., the whole plant equipment about 280,000 pieces, supplied by 6,899 factories in Nanhua, steam turbines, generators, steam generators, reactor internals, nuclear fuel elements, reactor plant ring cranes, pressure shells, main pumps and other equipment are all customized by the designated factories, must be prioritized after completion before engaging in other production, to ensure the smooth progress of the nuclear power plant construction project.

At the same time as the construction of nuclear power plants, the construction of nuclear fuel refining and enrichment plants is also in full swing.

The electricity output from the large thermal power plant in Draa drove the first refining and concentration plant with 400 gas centrifuges. These gas centrifuges are chained together to refine uranium fuel with a concentration of four to five percent, which is then injected into element rods designed into a precision core that is placed into a pressurized shell in a pressurized water reactor.

Unlike the three methods adopted by the United States to produce high-concentration uranium, such as magnetic separation, gas diffusion and thermal diffusion, Nanhua has taken the technical path of centrifugal separator from the beginning due to the guidance of Tesla.

Industrial centrifuge technology was born in Europe, and in the middle of the nineteenth century, the three-legged centrifuge for textile dewatering and the up-hanging centrifuge for separating crystalline sugar in sugar mills appeared. Thanks to the improvement of the slag discharge mechanism, by the early thirties, there were centrifuges with continuous operation, and intermittent operation centrifuges were also rapidly developed due to the realization of automatic control.

Genius scientist Nikolai. Tesla's focus on gas centrifuges is related to the fact that his application for experiments has been blocked.

Since August 38, after Tesla carried out the normal projection rail experiment, in January last year, Tesla again applied to Gong Qian for a sum of funds to build a 200-meter-long track, and also strengthened the coil output and magnetic field strength, the most special thing is that this track adopts a closed vacuum design, and a cooling system is arranged.

As a result, everything worked fine except for the sonic boom at the payload outlet. Subsequently, Tesla did several more experiments, especially after conducting animal ** experiments, modified the original design, and after testing again, it came to the conclusion: there are no technical problems with the mass projector, and the current design is very perfect!

In August last year, Tesla officially submitted an application to An Yi, requesting to build a full-scale mass projector for practical testing, and the total cost of the total budget of up to 8 billion Chinese yuan scared An Yi enough, and took the initiative to raise his hands to Tesla, clarifying the actual situation of Nanhua now, saying that it is simply unable to bear such a financial payment, and it is difficult to achieve it even in the next five to ten years, after all, the primary purpose of Nanhua now is to win the war first, rather than climbing the peak of science and technology without restraint.

Seeing that Tesla was depressed, An Yi couldn't bear it, so he suggested that Tesla first improve how to collect sunlight on a large scale, how to convert sunlight into electricity, how to store the collected electricity and convert it into microwave emission to the ground and other technical preparations, so that in the future, after the construction of the permanent guide projection rail is completed and the large payload is launched into space, there will be ready-made long-range power transmission technology.

So, when Tesla was bored, he put down his work, participated in the design of some nuclear weapons devices, and made the ruby laser. Then Tesla, who thought it was very interesting, made a helium-neon laser, a carbon dioxide laser and some gas lasers in one go.

Tesla liked these glowing things so much that he couldn't put them down, and began to work on various other colors of lasers. However, before that, at the behest of Ding Molan, he directly used the tracking radar he designed to modify it slightly, and then made laser speed measurement, rangefinder and even tracker.

Needless to say, Gong Qian, who was overjoyed to get the real thing, told An Yi the good news, and at the same time ordered it to be immediately converted to the military, and at the same time assigned a scientific research team to immediately study laser guidance control. Of course, this is not difficult, as long as the output of the actuator in the control system is combined with the functional relationship between the control signals and the laser reflection search. Of course, it will take a while to solve the problem of details, but now Nanhua's radar, electromagnetic, and infrared guidance technologies have been extremely developed, so there is no need to rush for a while.

An Yi heard about Tesla's technological invention, very pleasantly surprised, although he did not understand technology, but he knew that another function of the laser is the disc technology of later generations, but this is much more troublesome than laser ranging guidance, the coating of the optical disc, dyes, burning, transparent plastic protective layer, and even the coding method must be considered. After explaining to Ding Molan, this strange woman with a high level of understanding immediately included this task in the long-term development plan of the research institute, which means that in the next ten years, I am afraid that I will not see the results, but it will definitely appear decades ahead of the original.

Tesla's gas centrifuge was a technological revolution in uranium refining and enrichment technology. The principle is to place a high-speed drum in a space, fill the space with gaseous uranium hexafluoride, and use a regularly changing magnetic field at the bottom of the drum to make the drum rotate at high speed, so that the heavier U-238 will float towards the barrel wall, and the U-235 will gather in the middle zone, and at the same time heat a little at the bottom, these gaseous mixtures will automatically separate, U-238 sinks down, and U-235 floats upward, so that the required isotopes are collected.

Of course, the principle is simple, but in practice there are many difficulties, such as the fact that the centrifuge has to overcome friction during rotation, which can gradually slow down the rotational speed and even damage the entire plant, and these machines are designed to work without trouble for many years.

However, this is not difficult for the genius scientist Tesla, he immediately instructed the experimenters, drain the air in the drum, and use a magnetic bearing to install the bottom of the drum on a needle-like bearing, which is the only physical contact point in the whole system, and then the experimenters spent several months of non-stop experiments and modifications, and carried out countless simulation experiments on the computer, and finally the gas centrifuge was studied.

After researching this anti-heaven technology, Ding Molan negotiated with Gong Qian, and strictly ordered all scientists and skilled workers of the manufacturer involved in the research to require strict confidentiality to control the leakage of this core technology. However, now that the world is in a mess, no one would have imagined that South China would develop nuclear weapons before the United States and Germany, and there is no goal for them to buy and win over.

At present, the elements of the first 600,000 kilowatt nuclear reactor have been prepared, and after the official start of this nuclear reactor, six 600,000 kilowatt steam turbine generator units will be driven to generate electricity. The electricity produced will then be fed to the second refinery and enrichment plant, and the fuel-grade uranium produced will drive the second nuclear reactor, which will then generate electricity to start the gas centrifuges at the third refinery and enrichment plant...... And so on.

According to the design plan, by April next year, all 10 nuclear reactors will be successfully operated, and most of the electricity provided will be used to drive more centrifuges to refine weapons-grade uranium and plutonium. Through this gradual progress, the initial energy consumption of the entire nuclear program is only 10,000 times that of the Manhattan Project formulated by the Americans, and although the energy consumption increases in the later stage, it consumes enriched uranium in the reactor instead of oil or coal.

In the original history, the United States and the Soviet Union were the first to develop atomic bombs that used weapons-grade uranium with a concentration of 99% because of the pressure of war, so they needed to build tens of thousands of centrifuges or diffusers to operate for several years, and they also used the Lawrence electromagnetic method and the gas diffusion method that consumed 60 times the energy of the gas centrifugal method to separate uranium, so the Manhattan project in the United States used one-tenth of the electricity in the United States, and the cost was very staggering, and its investment was as much as two billion US dollars, and most of its funds were consumed in energy supply.

During the construction of the nuclear power plant, the construction of the output power grid is also rapidly underway, and now the power grid system of the major cities in southern South China has been connected to the Yaoting Bay nuclear power plant, and the excess electricity will be fed into the national grid to supplement the urban and industrial electricity.

According to the plan, the rural electricity consumption in Nanhua can only be extended to the township level for the time being, and only after the war will the project of "connecting villages with electric lights and telephones" be implemented.

At 3 p.m. on August 25, An Yi took a special plane from Xinjing to Yaotingwan Nuclear Power Station to attend the launching ceremony held in the institute the next day.

When the plane arrived at Deira Airport, it was already dark, and An Yi joined Ding Molan, who had just arrived.

Xiao Bisheng was newly married, and the two had endless love words, and chatted at the airport for more than an hour before they got on the welcoming motorcade and went to the Dela Assembly Hall.

At the conference center of the Science City, An Yi cordially met with representatives of scientists, experts, engineers, skilled workers, and engineers involved in the design and construction of the nuclear power plant, and expressed his heartfelt thanks for their outstanding contributions. Subsequently, An Yi and Ding Molan went to the banquet hall with the delegates to have a meal together.

When the dinner was over, it was already half past nine in the evening.

However, An Yi could not rest yet, and he went to the camp in the south of the city, where he met with representatives of the garrison, air defense, radar, and missile units stationed in the vicinity of the base, visited the electronic command center of the joint command center, carefully checked the defense map and the real-life miniature sand table, and asked the officers and men to heighten their vigilance, keep their eyes open, and resolutely eliminate all enemies with bad intentions and invading enemies.

It wasn't until eleven o'clock in the middle of the night that An Yi was really free.

On this evening, An Yi spent the night together at Ding Molan's apartment in the Deira expert community, and the next morning, the two went to the nuclear power plant together to preside over the opening ceremony of the first 600,000-kilowatt nuclear reactor at 10 a.m.

The whole opening ceremony was so simple that even the text reporter was not alarmed.

Ding Molan introduced the situation of the nuclear power plant to An Yi in detail, An Yi knew a little about it, and was amazed after listening to it, and was relieved to have such a strange woman as Ding Molan by his side again.

At ten o'clock, Ding Molan announced that the nuclear power plant was officially put into operation, and then An Yi pressed the button, and a total of 56 green lights on the console lit up all the way, and with the sound of "ding", the first 600,000 kilowatt nuclear reactor of Yaoting Bay Nuclear Power Plant was officially launched.

In order to ensure safety, the power of this nuclear reactor will be only 10 percent of the total installed capacity at the beginning, reach 50 percent after half a month, and run at full capacity after a month.

At this time, no one in the world may have realized that the king of terror has been released from Pandora's box, and when the earth-shattering mushroom cloud rises on the horizon one day in the future, all international disputes will be deterred by the nuclear stick, and this is the opportunity for China's rise.

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: Thank you, brethren, for your continued support!

Well, tomorrow is April 1st, and the Son of Heaven is still cheeky to ask for a guarantee***!