Chapter 143: Engels' Diary 2
"On October 15, after five days in Singapore, we continued north to Chinese mainland.
On the 18th, it continued to drive north with a little resupply in Pontianak City, the Kingdom of Lan Fang.
On the 30th, we finally arrived in Hong Kong, as the pearl of Asia, Hong Kong occupies an important position in the world shipping trade system. When the Sun sailed into Hong Kong Bay, what impressed me the most was not the busy shipping routes and the merchant ships coming and going, but the towering building, which is almost 100 meters long. Later, Zhou told me that the building called the Hong Kong Building has more than 20 floors and a total height of 69 meters, which is currently the tallest concrete building in Asia and even the world, and I heard that a high-rise building of more than 100 meters will be built in Shanghai, and it is hard to imagine how the Chinese completed such a project. ”
"We landed in Hong Kong and after applying for the so-called visa at the Chinese Customs, I was finally able to explore this beautiful country to my heart's content. We were received in Hong Kong by the chairman of the Hong Kong trade union, and I finally had the opportunity to go to the factory in China for an in-depth investigation. ”
"On November 3, although it was already winter, Hong Kong was not cold but still warm. Today on the street I saw a lot of processions, I thought they should be engaged in a struggle for rights and interests, only to find out that they were celebrating the victory, from the newspaper I learned that about half a month ago the Chinese army marched into Central Asia and defeated the army of the Bukhara Khanate, and now it has actually occupied and annexed the Khanho Khanate and the Bukhara Khanate in Central Asia, I have to say that this country is indeed very powerful. ”
"Hong Kong's opening up to the West as an early port was also a concrete manifestation of China's industrialization, and here I saw all kinds of factories on the north coast, such as textile mills, match factories, flour mills, lumber mills, furniture factories, steel mills, and so on. I want to the industrial zone of Britain and France, I appreciate the industrial layout of Hong Kong, in which the government has planned the first industrial zone and set up the first district government for management, and the government has created a comprehensive transportation, water supply and drainage network in the industrial zone. In addition, various preferential policies are given to commercial enterprises that re-establish factories, which can be imagined to be the reason for the rapid rise and development of China's industry, and I think China's economy is closer to the socialist planned economy than the free economy of the West, but it is not a strict implementation plan. ”
"In the factory in Hong Kong, I found that the workers were very motivated to work, and after learning about the wage system of this factory, I realized that this garment factory was paid by the piece, and the more work you worked, the more you worked, the more you worked, the more you work, the more you work, the more you work, the more you work, the I don't want to be in the factories of the West, whether you work hard or not, the monthly salary is still a pitiful little bit. ”――
On 10 September, the Japanese government forces formed a coalition of Saigo Takamori and the Japanese branch of the Chinese Beiyang Fleet (and the Marine Corps) and landed on Kagoshima in the evening, and finally stabilized the beachhead on the morning of the 11th after losing several hundred men.
On the 13th, the coalition forces advanced inward and began to defend Kagoshima Castle.
On the 14th, the coalition forces broke through the outer municipalities and began to attack Honmaru. At 3 p.m., Shimazu Hisamitsu fled anonymously to Nagasaki under the protection of the British Consulate, and on the 20th boarded a British merchant ship and began to live in exile.
By the end of 1867, the chaos in Japan was largely over. On April 6, 1868, the new government, headed by the Okubo Ritsu cabinet, issued a political programmatic "Petition for the Emperor's Oath" and on June 11, 1868, promulgated the "Gakujo Kokudo-style of Government." On September 3, Hayashi Hiroshi issued an edict to change the name of Edo to Tokyo. On October 23, it was changed to the Yuan Dynasty and called the A.D. era according to the Chinese system.
In June 1869, the Japanese Cabinet Government imposed the policy of "returning the copyrights" (in fact, there was no longer any pressure) and abolished the policy of feudal prefectures, dividing Japan into 3 prefectures and 72 prefectures, and establishing a centralized political system, but the power was basically concentrated in the cabinet (unlike the emperor who had unlimited power as in history). In terms of the social system, the status system of "scholars, farmers, industrialists, and merchants" in the traditional era was abolished, and the nobles such as the ministers and princes of the past were renamed "Hua", the samurai below the daimyo were changed to "scholars", and other agricultural and industrial occupations and untouchables were all called "commoners"; In order to alleviate the financial burden associated with the "return of copyrights", the Japanese cabinet government gradually recovered the feudal fortunes of the Chinese and Shi clans in the form of public debt compensation (of course, it was basically subscribed by a consortium in China); In addition, the samurai abolition of the sword and the Family Registration Law, which established the basis of the household registration system, were also promulgated. In terms of social and cultural aspects, it is a long process to vigorously promote comprehensive sinicization and position Chinese characters as the official language, but it is foreseeable that in Japan in the future, the so-called Japanese will become a local slang language.
This vigorous revolution, which lasted about 4 years, is known in history as the "Cabinet Collapse" (because the main members and backbones of the movement were all in Japan's first cabinet government), not only overthrew the modern political system established by the shogunate system, but more importantly, the Chinese Empire can be said to be a complete victory, first of all, Lin Hong harvested the crown of the Kingdom of Japan, nominally the supreme ruler of Japan, and secondly, in this movement, Chinese capital and commodities poured into Japan, Of course, in Lin Hong's view, it is the biggest obstacle to China's development and rise in Asia.
At the beginning of 1870, Lin Hong took the empress to Edo, that is, Tokyo, on the newest ironclad ship of the Beiyang Fleet, and was officially crowned the king of the Kingdom of Japan accompanied by Okubo Ritsu and other Japanese dignitaries and envoys from various countries in China.
A week later, the news was published on the front pages of major newspapers across the continent, saying that China had completely ruled the East as an Asian empire. The uproar caused for a while, especially the British circles, who were nervous, after all, their most precious India was in Asia, and it was next to China.
"From Hong Kong to the north, I took the train to Shanghai, I know that China has been developing, but I was still shocked, in just 20 years in China has built a total of 180,000 kilometers of railway lines, the highway mileage has reached 420,000 kilometers, I have to admire the great strength of the Chinese nation."
"In just two weeks, we arrived in Shanghai, and along the way I saw the prosperity of this country, although the cities and villages passing through are not as prosperous as Hong Kong, but they are also full of vitality, yes, every Chinese is full of confidence in their eyes, I think this is confidence in the country."
"Shanghai, the star of Asia, although the geographical location here is not the first choice for European merchants to arrive in China like Hong Kong, but there are more Europeans here, some are businessmen who come to do business, some are aristocrats who come to visit, and some are craftsmen and architects who come to look for opportunities, because the architecture here has always been ahead of its time, such as the famous statue of the queen and the imperial tower."