From the Tang Dynasty to the Ming and Qing dynasties, there have been great changes in Chinese titles, and most of the ancient titles we are familiar with today are the names of the Ming and Qing dynasties. As for the titles used in the Tang Dynasty, they are rarely mentioned on TV or in novels. The Tang Dynasty is briefly referred to as follows:

In the Tang Dynasty, the emperor was often called "saint", and those close to him or his close attendants were called "everyone" and "official", and interestingly, in the Tang Dynasty, women called their mother-in-law "everyone". As for the Fengliu Tianzi like Emperor Tang Ming, those close to him call him "San Lang", and call Concubine Taizhen "Niangzi"; As for the crown prince, he is often called "Langjun" by the people on the left and right; The prince is crowned king, and he is called "the king" left and right, and the princess is called "the noble lord", for example, in Xue Yongweak's "Yulun Pao Biography", "King Qi said: 'Inherit the noble lord to bring wine and pleasure and feast when he goes out'".

Princes, kings sometimes call themselves "widows", this title is more common, talk about a few examples, "Sui and Tang Jiahua" volume has a record of Taizong for the king of Qin when he and the Huguo Duke Chi Jingde dialogue, the king of Qin said: "The widow holds a bow and arrow, the public spear is a pair, although millions of people are helpless I am", and in the "Old Tang Book, Yongwang Biography" Yongwang said: "The widow is the emperor's heavenly belonging, and the emperor is a friend"; The Guogong calls itself "Lonely", which can be seen in the speech of Li Yuan, who was the Duke of Tang at the time, in the "Notes on the Entrepreneurship and Living of the Tang Dynasty". For example, in the summer of the year when the army was raised, in the fifth month of Jiazidan, Tang Guogong said to everyone: "If you are a thief today, ten rooms and nine, you will be called the king of the emperor, and the city will be based on the county." Emperor Guhe Wen is very favored, thinks of repaying kindness, and wants to make meritorious contributions to the royal family with all sages".

In the Tang Dynasty, slaves called the male master "Ah Lang" or "Lang", etc.; and called the young master "Lang Jun"; Calling both the housewife and the lady "lady". However, "Niangzi" and "Langjun" are not only used by slaves to call their masters, others also call them "Niangzi" when they see women, and there are also people who call them "little ladies" when they see young women; Older people will also call young people "Lang" or "Lang Jun", as described in a poem by Li Bai: An old man asked Li Bai, "What does Lang want to cross today"? Then he told him that "such a storm is not feasible".

In addition, when the emperor of the Tang Dynasty called his aunt and other female dependents, he would also call them "aunt" and "sister" like the folk, for example, in the "Li Deyu Complete Works School Notes", Li Deyu wrote the "Edict of Princess Taihe" for Tang Wuzong...... If you want to see the city of the old country, can you not **, and if you want the Han Dynasty to be in charge, you must be ...... runny".

When the emperor calls his uncle and brother, he often puts the title on the title, for example, the third volume of the "Chaoye Zai" has: Teng Wang Ying, Jiang Wang Yun can not be honest and prudent, the emperor (Gaozong - Ji Shui Ke Note) gave the kings, the name of the five kings, not as good as the two kings, and said: "Uncle Teng and Brother Jiang solve their own economy, and do not work to give things with them." "Youyang Miscellaneous" Volume 12: Shang (Emperor Ming - Ji Shuike's Note) knew it, laughed, and reported to King Ning: "Brother Ning can deal with this monk." Another example, in "Because of the Words", it is contained: King Ning squirted a mouthful of rice on the throne, and it reached the dragon's face. Shang said: "Why did Brother Ning have the wrong throat." ”

The emperor called his sons and nephews, and often added his title to call him, for example, Yuan Zhenzhi's "Lianchang Palace Ci" self-annotated with clouds: Nian Nu, Tianbao in the name of advocacy, good songs. Every year downstairs feasts, after a tiring day, there is a lot of noise. Yan Anzhi and Wei Huangshang couldn't help it, and everyone played for it. The Ming Emperor sent Gao Lishi to shout upstairs and said: "If you want to send Nian Nu to sing, you will play the pipes to see if people can listen to them"? The twenty-five Lang of Sui, the son of Prince Zhang Huai, the son of King Shouli, the heir of King Cheng Ning, and the nephew of Emperor Ming.

In the Tang Dynasty, familiar men were mostly called by their surnames and their lines, for example, Bai Juyi called Yuan Zhen "Yuan Jiu", and Tang Dezong once called Lu Zhen "Lu Jiu"; And to call a woman by adding "Niang" to her surname, for example: "Gongsun Auntie", "Li Twelve Niang" and so on. And "Xiao Lang" and "Xiao Niang", as common pronouns, have long been well-known to everyone.

In addition, not only "Lang" is mentioned, but two other titles must also be mentioned: at that time, women called her husband's younger brother "Xiaolang"; And the son-in-law is also called "Langzi", just like in "The Legend of Wushuang", the Wushuang family has nicknamed Wang Xianke "Wang Langzi" since he was a child.

At that time, when women were called, the word "A" was often added before the woman's surname, for example, in "Qi Tui Nu" (the author Niu Seng Ru), there were: "Yuan Hezhong, Raozhou Thorn Shi Qi Tui Nu, suitable for Li in Longxi." …… Mr. Criticism, not subdued. It is ordered to pursue the will of Azi". Between husband and wife, the husband can also call his wife like this, which is also passed down from ancient times, for example, it is recorded in "Youyang Miscellaneous" that after Wei Weiying's death, his wife Liang married to Ziji. On the wedding day, Ying returned to the court and shouted: "Ah Liang, Qing forgets me"? "Old Tang Book, Volume 1 O, 1 Biography of Xin Ti No", Xin Ti No in the recital to Ruizong: "His Majesty was the crown prince in the past, and he ...... at the time of Awei" "Old Tang Book, Volume 92, Wei Anshi's Biography Attached to the Biography of the Ancestral Brother Juyuan" has: "So Princess Taiping was pretended to be Chen Mo, and Shangguan Zhaorong made a grass edict, so she had to be an assistant to the government today, and Awei was a staff officer...... With Awei as the dynasty, with Wewin as the country".

In addition, after women in the Tang Dynasty got married, they were generally honored as Mrs., but the surname in front of them was a woman's surname, for example, the "Supplement to the History of the Tang Kingdom" wrote: "Mrs. Miao, her father Taishi Ye (Miao Jinqing - Ji Shuike Note), her uncle Zhang Hedong Ye (Zhang Jiazhen - Ji Shui Ke Note), her husband Yan Xian, her son Hongjing, and her son-in-law Wei Taiwei also." Another example is the first volume of "The Ruling and the Wild", Hangzhou Thorn Shi Pei is very ill, which makes Xia Rong, the chief bookkeeper of Qiantang County, look at it. Rong said: "So that the king has no worries, and the lady must worship the blessing as soon as possible." Mrs. Cui said, "What do you need?" Another example is "Northern Dream Trivia" Volume 8: Zhang Brown Shangshudian Jinzhou, a prostitute loved by the outer storage center, and gave birth to a son. The Su clan was jealous and did not dare to take it back...... Mrs. Su wept and said to the sons: "I know that there is this son." There are also many records of this in the official history, such as the "Old Tang Book", for example, there is also a record in the "Old Tang Book, Volume 166, Yuan Zhi Biography": "His mother, Mrs. Zheng, was also a virtuous woman, and her family was poor, and she taught and taught books for the tree." In "Old Tang Book, Volume 171, Biography of Li Bo", Cui Fa's mother is called "Mrs. Wei": "Feng Ji and others said: 'Cui Fa is a middle-aged person, and he is disrespectful. Ranfa's mother is the sister of the late Xiang Wei Guan...... Mrs. Wei cried, sent forty canes to the envoy, thanked the envoy, and the emperor sent the envoy to comfort her. And the "New Tang Dynasty Book", the same is true in the "New Tang Dynasty Book, Volume 77, The Biography of the Queen, The Biography of the Empress Zhaode": "Will be buried, the stepmother Mrs. Zheng of the State of Yuguo, please set up a memorial, there is an edict sacrifice useless, want to sacrifice to listen to it." "New Tang Dynasty Book, Volume 163, Liu Gongxuan Attached to the Biography": "Shannan's great-grandmother, Mrs. Changsun, is old and toothless, and her grandmother, Mrs. Tang, is filial piety. And I don't see anyone who is called by her husband's surname.

After saying so much, I realized that I hadn't talked about the self-claim at that time. At that time, most men called themselves "so-and-so", and some called themselves "servants", so there were more titles. In addition to being humbly called "slave" like later women, women are more likely to call themselves "sons", and at the same time, there are also women who call themselves "so".

In the Tang Dynasty, only the prime minister was called "Xianggong", and it was not as common as it was later; The officials of Zhongshu Province and Menxia Province are called "Ge Lao" to each other; The Assassin is honored as the "Envoy"; The honorific name of the county order is "Ming Mansion"; As for the county, it is called "Shaofu". And they are often honored as "Ming Gong".

In addition, if you look at the mutual names in the officialdom of the Tang Dynasty and the names of the people when they see the emperor or officials, we feel that the relationship between people at that time was far more equal than in the Ming and Qing dynasties:

In the Tang Dynasty, "adult" was only used as an honorific title for fathers, and was not used to address officials with a higher status than themselves, and lower-level officials did not meet higher-level officials or ordinary people met officials, and they were not as subservile as later generations. At that time, it was common for officials to be referred to as their official positions, unless they were acquaintances who could call them "Xingdi". When the prime minister sees an assassin, he will call himself "so-and-so", and call this assassin "so-and-so" or "so-and-so", and this assassin's self-proclaimed name to the prime minister is also "so-and-so", and similarly, the people under the thorn envoy will call this assassin envoy, which is also "so-and-so" or "so-and-so", and the assassin's self-name to the people is the same as the people's self-name to the assassin - "so-and-so"

For example, a person of Guo Ziyi's status refers to a worker who repairs a wall to his house by referring to himself as "so-and-so", and the worker responds by also calling himself "so-and-so".

Similarly, for a squire, whether it is his superiors or his subordinates or even the people, they all call him "a certain squire", and for Dali Siqing, even if he is a prisoner in prison awaiting trial, he is also called "a certain qing", for example, when Zhang Wenqian was the secretary of Dali Siqing, the convicted people said: "Zhang Qing's punishment is not in vain." Even in the public court, if the people are men, they also call themselves "so", and women also call themselves "children" as usual, for example, it is recorded in the "Kaiyuan Biography" that Pei Kuan tried the case and received a petition to fight for the cat for the two women, and the paper cloud "If it is a cat, it is a cat." If it's not a cat, it's not a cat", this kind of paper can also be a smile.

Tang Dynasty officials called themselves "lowly officials", but they are rarely found in the records. In the third volume of "New Sayings of the Tang Dynasty", there is a bereaved king who asks for gifts and says: "The lowly officials are poor, why don't they let them know and deceive them, how can they be the handle of the country?" ”

In addition, when the people saw the emperor, they also called themselves "ministers" like the hundred officials, which can be seen in the dialogue between the Ming Emperor and a yarrow elder when he fled, and the conversation between Dezong and a peasant when he went on patrol.