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The long knife should have declined earlier than the short knife, and with the collapse of the Qing Empire, the new army may still be equipped with short knives, but the bulky long knives will never be used again.

Chapter 2: Ge and the Spear

The early Ge was simply a crooked spear. The reason why Ge was prevalent instead of spears or long knives was because chariot warfare was prevalent at that time, and the melee combat of chariot warfare was carried out when the chariots were staggered, and it was difficult to use the momentum of the chariot with spears, and it was also difficult to hit the target at the moment of staggering, and the heavy long knives were not only heavier than Ge, but also more prone to wear and tear. So Ge, who is good at pecking and killing, has become the natural main force.

At the turn of the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, the scale of the war escalated day by day, and the war game similar to the European Middle Ages became a people's war. As soon as the infantry who crossed the mountains and mountains made the battlefield no longer limited to the plains, the use of copper crossbow machines upgraded the crossbowmen to be good at shooting horses and killing people, and the tactical strategy was greatly enriched, and the end of the chariot came. But the vanity of the old-school 'knights' had not been completely extinguished at this time, so the chariot had more war horses, thicker and more shield armor, and even the shafts on both sides were equipped with flat spears to drive away the infantry. Unfortunately, all this was to no avail, and the end of the chariot came in the early years of the Western Han Dynasty.

Ge has some very bad shortcomings, such as the head is easy to fall off, and the attack is slow due to swinging. Therefore, the only common method of loading the head was to tie it, which looked simple, but it was easy to re-tie. However, the slow swing is incurable, and the rod is more prone to break due to the direction of resistance, and the push is not as dexterous and sharp as the thorn, and in the end the only irreplaceable value is pecking. So with the decline of the combat vehicle, the infantry got rid of the biggest flank threat, and its existence became worthless.

The status of the spear is not inferior to Ge, and the chariot is often equipped with 1-2 spears in case of emergency, but the spear can never replace Ge's position, but the halberd fills the gap. The appearance of halberds began in the Shang Dynasty, and the early halberds were equivalent to Ge with the tip of a spear, but they did not show a significant advantage in battle, so they were not taken seriously. In the Qin and Han dynasties, perhaps because the thinking of tactics could not adapt to the change of losing Ge at once, the halberd suddenly became a darling.

But halberds also have drawbacks. For example, it is easy to be entangled, and in the Han Dynasty, there was a small shield with a hook called hook inlay, which was specially used to stir the halberd, and then jumped forward to give the halberd bearer a knife. In addition, the cavalry charge does not rely too much on the function of the halberd's push hook, and it is redundant to stab and push at the same time, although the hook is useful, but it also brings Ge's old problem - the head is easy to fall off. Therefore, in the Eastern Han Dynasty, the halberd branch of the long halberd became more and more forward, to put it bluntly, it was like a fork, and after the Wei and Jin dynasties, the halberd was simply abolished, and the spear was turned to full development.

At this time, it was time for the spear to sing a one-man show, and the appearance of the long knife would be a few hundred years later, and the big axe was only an auxiliary weapon, so the spear was a standout in the long weapon sequence at that time.

The spear is also called the lance, and is divided into the horse lance and the foot lance, which arose in the late Han Dynasty, and it is estimated that most of the famous generals of the Three Kingdoms are fighting with a lance and a short knife in one hand. The Northern and Southern Dynasties were the heyday of the lance, because at this time the cavalry of the Central Plains was at its peak, and the heavy cavalry wearing two crotch armor was the lance and bow and arrow as the main weapons.

The use of the rifle is relatively simple, because the infantry is more focused on coordination, and the rifle is only one of the weapons in the infantry group, which is used to stab the enemy more safely and cover the battle of the short knife hand. Therefore, the requirement for the person holding the lance is to be tall and strong, and whether the martial arts are strong or not is not the key to the investigation. The use of the horse lance is more complicated because it differs from the European spear, which is used only for charging in one hand, while the former is used in both charge and melee combat in both two hands. When the cavalry rushes into the enemy position, it will start to charge, at this time the direction and range of attack and defense are far more than the infantry, and it is on the back of a galloping and bumpy horse, coupled with the inertia of the lance up to 4 meters, there is no doubt that it is easy to be full of flaws without a certain amount of rigorous training.

After the Tang Dynasty, spears were mostly called guns, and the Song Dynasty was the golden age of guns. Perhaps due to the reduced dependence on the frontal breakthrough of the cavalry, the length of the carbine was slightly shortened, making it more agile and at the same time more well-made. In the Song Dynasty, the head of the carbine generally had the dual purpose of thorn and hook, and there was an iron upsetting that could be inserted into the ground behind the gun, and there was a rope made of cowhide on the rod, which looked really considerate.

Entering the Ming Dynasty, the status of cold weapons declined, and the types of guns were simplified, and the Qing Dynasty started with cavalry and archery, and had a soft spot for cold weapons, so the types of guns were rich again, and even nearly 5 meters long nail guns appeared, which has reached the limit of the taboo of the length of China's long weapons, and I really don't know what to do.

The last stage of the spear was the Anti-Japanese War, and the red tassel gun was widely known, and even made it a toy for contemporary children. It's a pity that the fate of toys is the same as that of its ancestors, with the boom of European guns, the invincible dream of China has been extinguished, and with the emergence of toy guns, the status of the child king is no longer favored by children with red tassel guns.

Chapter 3: Bows and Crossbows

When it comes to bows and crossbows, we can't fail to mention arrows, which are the source of strength, and arrows are the carriers of power, and the performance of the carrier has a considerable impact on the exertion of power.

Arrows with mature designs are usually divided into three parts: arrowheads, shafts and feathers, the arrows are the warheads, the shafts are the balance parts, and the feathers are the adjustment parts. Light and tough bamboo and wood are always the preferred materials for arrow shafts. The arrow feathers that make the flight and fall follow the correct angle, so as to fly farther and attack more effectively, are the best with the carved feather, and the goose goose feather is the worst, and in the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, the installation length can be determined according to the floating state of the arrow shaft.

The bronze arrowheads of the Shang Dynasty have been quite poisonous, with convex ridges and triangular flat wings, and when the arrows pierce the body, the barbs of the two wings will firmly hook the closed wounds and be difficult to pull out, and the blood groove is like a vampire bat to draw out the blood of the enemy. By the time of the Warring States, the new three-edged wing style made it more difficult for arrows to heal even when they were pulled out, and the corresponding blood troughs increased to six. Qin arrowheads increased their poisoning lead levels, and like some Qin swords, the surface chromium oxide technology of the Flyover era made some arrowheads enduring. However, copper is relatively rare, and the Qin Dynasty has tried to make arrow collars with iron, and with the development of the steelmaking industry in the Western Han Dynasty, all-iron arrowheads have also come out. In the early days, iron arrowheads were cast, apparently reluctant to resist the viciousness of the copper arrow style, but soon found that they were not as sharp as the latter, so they had to switch to forging. The disadvantage of forging is that the intricate shape of casting must be discarded in favor of the four-sided blade of an iron sword, but the advantage is more significant, forging will make it much tougher than its predecessors.

The bronze arrow exited the stage, and its beginning and end were in the Eastern Han Dynasty. The first type of forged iron arrow established the basic characteristics of iron arrows before the Song Dynasty - flat quadrangular shape, which was a style conducive to forging.

From the Wei and Jin dynasties to the Sui and Tang dynasties, the classification of iron arrows was simple, and the route of development was to make them harder and longer enough to penetrate the increasingly sophisticated iron armor and tear the muscles and bones of the enemy.

The refinement of the types of iron arrows began in the Song Dynasty, which was really an interesting era, while the military and government were weak, military technology was developing by leaps and bounds. The Song Dynasty had an admirable patience to meticulously craft each weapon, and the style of arrows was also refined, such as iron spine arrows, cone arrows, etc., the shapes have been detached from the monotony of flat quadrangular shapes, and have become more professional. (To be continued.) )