Chapter 1196: Japan Surrenders (Ask for Subscription!) , ask for a monthly pass, ask for everything! ）

After the founding ceremony, the Allies began landing operations on the Japanese mainland, but a report from the U.S. Joint Staff made the new U.S. President Harry S. Truman hesitate.

The report is a tactical assessment by the Joint Staff based on previous battles of Iwo Jima and the Ryukyu Islands, and based on previous battle losses, the Joint Staff believes that if the Allies choose to land on the Japanese mainland to fight, the casualties will reach a staggering number. There will be at least 1.6 million Allied casualties, of which more than 400,000 will be dead or missing.

Nimitz and MacArthur, the main generals of the US military in the Pacific, agreed with the Joint Staff report, and although there were some gaps with their casualty estimates, the gap was not very large, and the report was basically accurate.

Subsequently, U.S. Secretary of War Stimson also submitted a report in which he estimated that the conquest of Japan would cause 1.7 million to 4 million U.S. casualties, including 400,000 to 800,000 deaths, while the Japanese side alone could have 5 million to 10 million deaths.

Such a huge casualty estimate forced the U.S. government to suspend the landing operation against Japan and urgently contact the Chinese and Soviet sides to discuss the matter.

Ma Zheng naturally knew the worries of the Americans, because according to historical records, the United States has not yet successfully developed the atomic bomb, which means that the United States does not have the ultimate weapon against the Japanese.

According to historical records, it was only at the end of 1941 that the United States officially approved the development of atomic weapons, and named it the "Manhattan Project," with General Groves, deputy director of the construction department of the US Army Corps of Engineers, as the general director of the program. Four years later, the world's first atomic bomb was successfully exploded in the desert of New Mexico, USA, and this powerful weapon was born.

However, before that, the Americans did not have the capital to force Japan to surrender, so Ma Zheng suggested that the central government should firmly land on the Japanese mainland, so that they could take the opportunity to participate in this huge plan, even if the Americans developed the atomic bomb, they could not eat it alone.

The central government attached great importance to Ma Zheng's suggestion, and then the Ministry of Foreign Affairs conveyed to Truman China's intention that there was no other way to either carry out a landing operation or find ways to force the Japanese government to surrender.

In order to show the determination of the Chinese government, in Shanghai, Tianjin, Qingdao, and other coastal areas, the 2 million troops under Ma Zheng's command were ready for battle, and were ready to land on the Japanese archipelago at any time.

And Stalin also felt that there was no need to tolerate too much for Japan, a small country, because now that the war in the European theater was over, the Soviet Union could send more than 1.5 million troops to participate in the landing operation in Japan in a short period of time, and if the United States had no better way, then it could only continue to carry out the landing operation.

In fact, Truman was now very entangled, on the one hand, he was worried that the landing operation would cause huge casualties to the American troops, and on the other hand, there was no good way to force the Japanese to surrender unconditionally.

However, China and the Soviet Union, which are allies of the United States, insisted on occupying the Japanese archipelago and completely clearing the Pacific region.

However, while Roosevelt was struggling, Oppenheimer personally reported to Roosevelt that an experimental atomic bomb had completed its final assembly and requested an explosion test. Oppenheimer's debriefing gave Truman a solution to the problem at hand, and he agreed to experiment.

Everything went back to square one, and at 5:30 a.m. on July 16, 1945, the world's first atomic bomb was successfully tested in the desert of Mexico.

Immediately afterwards, the uranium-235 body installed in the atomic bomb, codenamed "Little Boy", was transported by the American heavy cruiser "Indianapolis" to Tinian Island in the Mariana Islands in the western Pacific Ocean, escorted by a large number of aircraft and submarines. Subsequently, other radioactive items were transported to Tinian by three C-54 transport planes from the U.S. Air Force Department of Transportation.

In the early hours of August 6, under the bright light of numerous cameras and camcorders, the "Enola. The crew of the B-29 bomber USS Guy, led by Colonel Dibbetts, entered the engine room.

At 2:45 a.m., the "Enola. The "Guy" took off from Tinian and flew to Japan.

At 8:15 a.m., the atomic bomb landed on Hiroshima, and a 10,000-meter-high mushroom cloud shrouded a black-gray cloud within 3 kilometers of the center of Hiroshima.

At 11:02 a.m. on August 9, the U.S. military dropped the second atomic bomb "Fat Man" on Nagasaki. The dead and missing in the atomic bomb attack were about 150,000 in Hiroshima and about 80,000 in Nagasaki.

On August 15, the Emperor of Japan issued an edict of surrender, announcing unconditional surrender.

Japan finally surrendered, the country that had caused great suffering to the people of Asia and the United States finally succumbed, and people all over the world, who had been traumatized by the war, cried when they heard the edict of surrender read by the Emperor of Japan on the radio.

On September 2, under the witness of history, the Japanese government signed a surrender agreement with the Allies on the American battleship "Missouri" anchored in Tokyo Bay, and Japan officially surrendered.

After Japan's surrender, China, the United States, Britain and the Soviet Union respectively occupied the Japanese archipelago, the Chinese army was ordered to occupy Kyushu and the northwest region of Japan, the United States troops were stationed in central Japan and the northeast region, the British army occupied Shikoku, the Soviet Union occupied Hokkaido, and Ma Zheng, as the commander-in-chief of China's foreign occupation forces, landed on the Japanese mainland on August 20.

Although the war is over, the question of the follow-up to the war needs to be resolved urgently, first of all, how to deal with Japan, whether to divide and occupy Japan, directly dismember Japan, or rebuild the Japanese government, which is a very big issue facing the allies.

The Soviet Union believed that the Japanese people were deeply poisoned by the spirit of bushido and militarism, and that if Japan was not dismembered, then Japan would become a serious problem for the allies in another 10 or 20 years.

However, the United States and Britain did not agree, first of all, because of the example of Germany, and it was precisely because of the mishandling of Germany after World War I that caused World War II.

After two world wars, both the United States and Britain and other countries are afraid and tired, so when dealing with the issue of defeated countries, the United States and Britain and other countries do not only know how to gobble up like they did in World War I.

The United States and Britain believe that the Allies should pay great respect to Japan, a once independent country, and that it is still an independent power, and that they should not permanently occupy Japan under any circumstances, because this will become the trigger for World War III.

The United States and Britain believe that Japan should be given political support, that is, the formation of a new democratic government with the support of the Allies, and the reparation of the losses caused by Japan to other countries, and the trial of those high-ranking officials who committed war crimes during the war.

The Chinese government's opinion is that, first of all, Japan must disarm its own armed forces and never possess any armed forces other than police to maintain law and order. The second is the dissolution of the Government, and all war criminals must be brought to international trial, and no one can escape justice for any reason. Third, the Chinese property and cultural relics looted during the war should be returned, and the war losses should be compensated. The fourth is to return the Ryukyu Islands to China.

These demands were very reasonable, so the Allies did not shirk and readily agreed.

At the request of China, China, the United States, the Soviet Union, Britain and other countries formed a joint tribunal to try all war criminals, including the Japanese emperor, and a total of 18,226 war criminals were tried, of which 1,931 war criminals were sentenced to death, and most of the others were sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment ranging from 5 to 20 years, so that this group of executioners who started the war received the punishment they deserved.