There was a strong opposition to such an action within the Japanese Navy. Pen | fun | pavilion www. ｂｉｑｕｇｅ。 info Yamamoto threatened to retire if the operation was aborted.

In mid-July 1941, the action was officially approved at a meeting of the Imperial Council attended by the Emperor of Japan himself. In early August, the decision to send troops to the Pacific was approved at another Imperial Council attended by the emperor himself, at which it was also decided that the operation would be abandoned only if the United States fully agreed to Japan's main demands.

Part of Japan's plan was to suspend consultations with the United States before (and must be) the attack until Aug. 7.

Diplomats from Japan's ambassador to Washington had been engaged in extensive discussions with the U.S. Foreign Ministry, including the U.S. response to Japan's invasion of Southeast Asia in the summer of 1941.

Before the attack, the Japanese ambassador had received a long telegram from the Japanese Ministry of Foreign Affairs and had been ordered to deliver it to Secretary of State Kodell before the attack (1 p.m. Washington time). Hull.

However, the ambassador's staff failed to decode and print the long letter in time. Finally, this declaration of war was not submitted to the United States until after the attack.

This delay added to the anger in the United States over the attack, and it was the main reason why President Roosevelt called the day "a shameless day." Admiral Yamamoto seems to agree with this view.

In the Japanese-American co-production of the movie "Tiger! Tiger! Tiger! He is quoted as saying, "I am afraid that we have awakened a sleeping giant, and now he is full of anger." (Yamamoto himself may never have said it, but even then he seems to feel that way).

In fact, this credential was decoded by the United States before it was submitted to the United States. George? Cartlett? Marshall immediately sent an urgent warning to Hawaii after reading the letter (but it could be sent without the word "urgent".) )

However, due to the confusion of the internal transmission system of the US military, the telegram had to be conveyed through the Civil Telecommunications Bureau. It took hours after the attack for a young Japanese-American postman to deliver the telegram to U.S. military headquarters.

During a spring exercise in 1940, when Yamamoto saw the air force achieving good results in training, he said to his chief of staff: "The training was successful, and I think an attack on Hawaii is possible." ”

From this time on, Yamamoto began to conceive of the Battle of Pearl Harbor, and on the basis of Heihachiro Togo's successful strategic thinking in one fell swoop, he believed that in order to win the war with the powerful United States and Britain, it was necessary to strike suddenly, strike first, and collapse the other side at the beginning of the war, and the bold idea of a sneak attack on Pearl Harbor was the inevitable product of Yamamoto's strategic thinking.

At eight o'clock in the evening of August 7, 1941, the Japanese Combined Fleet set off at night, and a Japanese naval fleet consisting of six aircraft carriers under the command of Vice Admiral Nagumo Tadaichi left Japan for Pearl Harbor, and the fleet maintained complete radio silence on the way.

In addition to these six aircraft carriers, the Japanese fleet included two battleships, three cruisers, nine destroyers, and three submarines, and twenty-seven more submarines departed earlier as advance teams.

The Japanese aircraft carriers that participated in the attack were the Akagi (flagship), Kaga, Soryu, Hiryu, Shozuru and Zuizuru.

In the early morning of August 17, 1941, the first attack wave of 183 planes that took off from six aircraft carriers pierced through the clouds and fog and pounced on Pearl Harbor.

At 7:53, a signal of "Tiger, Tiger, Tiger" was sent back, indicating that the surprise attack was successful. After that, 168 aircraft of the second attack wave attacked again.

The American troops, who rushed to the battle, suffered heavy losses, of the 8 battleships, 4 were sunk, one ran aground, and the rest were seriously damaged; Six cruisers and three destroyers were damaged, 188 aircraft were destroyed, and thousands of officers and men were killed or wounded. Japan lost only 29 aircraft and 55 pilots, as well as several pocket submarines.

The six Japanese aircraft carriers carried a total of 414 carrier-based aircraft, including fighters, torpedo bombers, dive bombers, and horizontal bombers, of which 55 were destroyed. The planes attacked in two waves, and Lieutenant General Nagumo decided to abandon the third wave of attacks and withdraw the main forces, and the sneak attack ended.

In addition, eight tankers and two destroyers sailed to the North Pacific to wait.

The fleet's planes bombed all U.S. airfields on Oahu and many ships anchored in Pearl Harbor, including the battleships there. Almost all warplanes on the ground were destroyed, and only a few were able to take off and return fire.

Twelve U.S. battleships and other ships in the harbor were sunk or damaged, 188 aircraft were destroyed, 155 aircraft were destroyed, and 2,403 Americans were killed, including thousands when the battleship Arizona alone exploded and sank.

The first shot and the first casualty of this battle was the attack of an American destroyer on a Japanese mini-submarine, which was sunk.

The Japanese dispatched a total of five mini-submarines intended to fire torpedoes on American ships after the air raids began, all five of which were later sunk, and only four of them were later found.

Only one of the ten sailors on the five ships survived, and Kazuo Sakumaki, the first American prisoner of World War II, was captured.

The Japanese army successfully carried out the Pearl Harbor raid, but it was this successful raid by the Japanese army that made the Japanese army even more vigorous in World War II.

It was also in this raid that the American GIs accompanied the Japanese army to the end, and successfully kicked open the door of the Japanese fascists from the Pacific Ocean.

The attack on Pearl Harbor was a brilliant victory in the short and medium term, far beyond the farthest imagination of its planners, and a rare result in the entire history of warfare.

For the next six months, the U.S. Navy was insignificant in the Pacific theater. Without the threat of the U.S. Pacific Fleet, Japan could completely ignore the power of other powers in Southeast Asia, and since then it has occupied all of Southeast Asia, the southwestern Pacific Ocean, and its influence has expanded all the way to the Indian Ocean.

From a long-term point of view, Pearl Harbor was a complete disaster for Japan. In fact, Admiral Yamamoto, who planned Pearl Harbor, himself predicted that even if the attack on the US Navy was successful, it would not and could not win a war against the United States, because the United States was simply too productive. Four U.S. Navy capital ships were sunk and three were wounded.

One of Japan's main targets was three American aircraft carriers, but none of them were in port at the time: the Enterprise was on its way back to Pearl Harbor, the Lexington had just sailed a few days earlier, and the Saratoga was being repaired in San Diego. (Roosevelt's conspiracy only)

Navies and other observers around the world believe that traumatizing the sinking of most of America's battleships was the greatest achievement of the campaign.

Without these battleships, the U.S. Navy had to rely on its aircraft carriers and submarines, which were in fact the only ships in the U.S. Navy at the time, and these ships were also the main force in resisting and later counterattacking the Japanese, and later proved to be much less effective in destroying the battleships than expected.

Perhaps most importantly, Pearl Harbor immediately mobilized a country that was otherwise disagreeable. It unites the United States to defeat Japan.

Some historians believe that the attack on Pearl Harbor itself determined the fate of Japan's defeat, whether Japan only hit a repair tent or an aircraft carrier.

…… (To be continued.) )