Shi Kefa, the word Xianzhi, Daxing nationality, auspicious people. 100 households in the world. Zu Yingyuan was raised in the township, and the official Huang Ping knew the state, and there was a favorable government. Yu Qizi's son said: "My family will be prosperous." "From the quality of his wife Yin's body, Mengwen Tianxiang entered his house, and he was born in law. Filial piety. In the first year of Chongzhen, he was awarded the official of Xi'an Mansion, and the head of the household department was slightly moved.

In eight years, he moved to the right senate and guarded Chizhou and Taiping. In the autumn, Prime Minister Lu Xiangsheng begged for thieves. He was changed to the deputy envoy of the law, patrolling Anqing and Chizhou, and supervising the armies of Jiangbei. Huangmei thieves plundered Song, Qianshan, Taihu Lake, and will commit Anqing, which can be pursued by the law in Qianshan Paradise Village. Next year, Zu Kuan broke the thief Chuzhou, and the thief went to Henan. In December, the thief horse guarded Luo Rucai and Li Wanqing from Yunyang to the east. But Fachi is stationed in Taihu Lake and chokes the brunt. In the first month of the tenth year, the thief broke through the Anqing stone plaque from the middle road and moved Tongcheng. The general Pan Ke struck away the thief, and the thief was strangled by the Lu and Feng army, returned to Tongcheng, and plundered the four realms. Chen Erming, the county magistrate, guards the city, and can be punished and arrested. The thief walked the Lujiang River and committed the hidden mountain, but the law and Zuo Liangyu defeated the Fengxiang Station, and the thief was in the hidden mountain and Taihu Lake. In March, Ke Da and his deputy general Cheng Long were defeated and killed in Susong. The thieves divided their party into a battalion, and the eight battalions were more than 200,000 people, divided into Liantan, Shijing, and Tao Chong in Tongcheng. The chief military officers Mou Wenshou and Liu Liangzuo defeated the trailer river.

When it was, Shaanxi Kou gathered in Zhang, Ning, and divided into Min, Tao, Qin, Chu, Ying, and Anhui, and the bandits were all over the field. Prime Minister Lu Xiangsheng was changed to Governor Xuan and Da, replaced by Wang Jiazhen, and the foreign soldiers of Zukuanguan also returned to the north. In a few days, Xiong Wencan replaced Jiazhen with Xiong Wencan, specializing in thieves. The thieves are reckless, and the north and south of the river are shocked. In July, he was promoted to the imperial history of the right capital of France, and the governors of the four prefectures of Anqing, Luzhou, Taiping, and Chizhou, as well as Guangzhou, Guangshan, Gushi, and Luotian in Henan, Qizhou, Guangji, and Huangmei in Huguang, and Dehua and Hukou counties in Jiangxi, supervised military affairs, and set up 10,000 soldiers. The thief has fallen east to Hezhou, Hanshan, Dingyuan, **, committed Tianchang, Xuyi, and approached Henan. It can be exempted from being rented by the disaster. In winter, the general Wang Yunfeng defeated the thief and hid in the mountain, and the Beijing army returned to Shucheng and Lujiang after breaking the old man, and the thief escaped into the mountain. Tang Kaiyuan, the supervisor of the army, was good at fighting thieves, but the law galloped east-west, and the thieves avoided them slightly. In the summer of the eleventh year, he overdue, and he was guilty of meritorious service.

But the law is short and concise, with a black face and bright eyes. Honesty, and hard work. In the military, the soldiers do not eat first if they are not full, and they do not give clothes first, so they have the strength to die. Defeated the thief Yingshan, **, and the king of Shuntian begged to surrender. In the summer of the twelfth year, Ding went with difficulty. Serve the ruffle, the right waiter of the starting department and the right to the imperial history. Cao Yun, the governor of the Great Ceremony, the governor of Fengyang, Huai'an, and Yangzhou, impeached and dismissed three people from the grain road, and added one person from Cao Chu Road, Da Jun Nanhe, and Cao Zheng Dali. Worship the Nanjing Military Department Shangshu, Counselor Maintenance. Due to the long-term relaxation of military preparations, the performance of the update of eight things.

On the fourth day of April of the seventeenth year, he heard that the thief had committed a crime, and swore to be the king of Qin. Crossing the river and arriving at Pukou, he heard that the northern capital had fallen, and his clothes were mourned. Huinan Du discussed the establishment of the monarch, Zhang Shenyan, Lu Daqi, Jiang Yueguang and others said: "Fu Wang Yousong, Shenzong Sun Ye, Lun Xuan should be established, and there are seven can't: greed, lewdness, alcoholism, unfilial piety, abuse, not studying, and interfering with Yousi." King Lu is often a fang, and the nephew of Shenzong is also a virtuous man. "It can be lawful, but it is also true. Ma Shiyingqian, the governor of Fengyang, discussed with Ruan Dacheng, presided over the establishment of the king of blessing, and consulted the law, but the law could not be told in seven. And Shiying has already sent troops with Huang Degong, Liu Liangzuo, Liu Zeqing, and Gao Jie to send Fu Wang Zhiyizhen, so Kefa and others welcome the king. In the first day of May, the king visited the tomb of filial piety, the first hall, and went out of the garrison mansion. The ministers entered the court, and the king wanted to avoid it. Kefa said: "The king should not avoid it, but should accept it justly." "Both the dynasty and the war are defended. Kefa said: "Wang Yisu served the suburbs, sent a teacher to the north, and showed the world the righteousness of revenge." "Wang Weiwei. Tomorrow, he will go to court again and supervise state affairs. Zhang Shenyan said: "The country is empty and there is no one, but it will be a big position." Kefa said: "The prince's survival is uncertain, what if he comes south?" Sincerity Uncle Liu Kongzhao said: "Today is established, who dares to revert?" Kefa said: "Xu Zhi." "It's a retreat. Tomorrow, the king will supervise the country, the court will push the ministers, and the people will be able to do the law, Gao Hongtu, and Jiang Yueguang. Kong Zhao wanted to tie his arms, and everyone thought that there were no ministers in this dynasty to enter the cabinet and curb it. Kong Zhao said angrily: "Even if I can't, why can't Ma Shiying?" "It's and pushes Shiying. discussed the abolition again, and pushed Zheng Sanjun, Liu Zongzhou, and Xu Shiqi. Kong Zhao raised Dacheng, but the law said: "The first emperor decided to reverse the case, and there is no need to say more." "On the second day of the Yue, the scholar of the Ministry of Rites and the scholar of the East Pavilion University, and Shiying and Hongtu were ordered together. Kefa is still in charge of the military department, and Shiying is still supervising Fengyang. It is the camp system of Dingjing, such as the story of the northern capital, the guards and the brocade guards are all enlisted in the army. The two chambers in the east and west of Jinyi, as well as the officials in the north and south towns, are not prepared to prevent informants and reassure people's hearts.

When it was, Shi Ying was eager to enter the picture. and ordered, furious, to be the king of the seven unbookables. And to support the troops to enter the Hajj, the table is to go. But the law then invited the superintendent to go out of the town Huai and Yang. On the fifteenth day the king ascended the throne. Tomorrow, His Majesty can resign, add the prince Taibao, change the military department of Shangshu, Wuyingdian University scholar. Shiying thought that it was a day to enter the straight, and it was agreed to divide Jiangbei into four towns. Dongpingbo Liu Zeqing has jurisdiction over Huai and Hai, stationed in Huaibei, and manages Shandong 1st Road. Gao Jie, the chief military officer, has jurisdiction over Xu and Si, and is stationed in Surabaya, and the manager is open and returning. Liu Liangzuo, the chief military officer, was in charge of Feng and Shou, stationed in Linhuai, and the manager was Chen and Qi all the way. Jingnan Bo Huang has the merit to govern Chu and He, stationed in Luzhou, and the manager is Guang and Gu Yiyi. Kefa started to go, that is, to send an envoy to visit the palace of Emperor Zi and the two princes of Daxing, and was ordered to sacrifice to the two tombs of Feng and Si.

But the law goes, Shiying and Kong Zhao have nothing to fear. Kong Zhao raised Wu Fu with cautious words, and raised the palace, drawing a knife to chase cautious words. But Fachi can be relieved, and Kong Zhaoshu doesn't need it. But after the second tomb was completed, Shang Shu said: "Your Majesty practiced the beginning of the tomb, only the filial piety mausoleum, wept and mourned, and the road was moved." If you bow to the second tomb, you will see Si and Fenghao Lai, and the chickens and dogs are silent, and you should be sad and angry. May prudence be the same as the beginning, in the deep palace and the vast building, then think about the soul of the Northeast Tombs; Enjoy the jade food, then think about the Northeast Zhuling wheat rice without exhibition; If you want to be punished, you will remember the collection of the first emperor's wood and decay, why did you suddenly die; In the early dynasty, he remembered the frugality and diligence of the first emperor, why did he die in the great cause. Trembling and vigorous, there is no time to slacken, and the two ancestors will bless Zhongxing. If Yan is located in the southeast, he does not think about the future, the virtuous and treacherous are indistinguishable, the authority is not effective, the old man is a hairpin, the heroic man is bound, the ancestors are resentful, the destiny of heaven is subtle, and the southeast corner can not be guaranteed. Wang Jia replied.

Degong, Zeqing, and Jie strive to be stationed in Yangzhou. Jie arrived first, killing and plundering, and the corpses were all over the field. The city is afraid, ascends to defend, and the moon is attacked. Zeqing also plundered Huai. Linhuai did not accept the Liangzuo army, and was also attacked. The fate can be solved, and Degong, Liangzuo, and Zeqing all obey orders. Nai Yijie. Jie Su is afraid of the law, but the law can come, Jie dug ten hundred nights and buried the wreckage. In the day-to-day legal account, the rhetoric has changed and the sweat is profuse. Kefa treated it with great affection, and then took the favor with gentle words, and Jie was overjoyed. Ran Jie is also easy to law, using his own armor to defend, Wen Wei must take it and then act. But the law is sparse, and the crowd is in Guazhou, and Jie is very happy. Jie goes, Yangzhou is safe, but the law is to open Yangzhou.

In June, the Qing soldiers defeated the thief Li Zicheng, and Zicheng abandoned the Beijing division and went west. The counties and counties of Qingzhou fought to kill the puppet officials and protect themselves according to the city. The law can ask for the issuance of two edicts to supervise the country and ascend to the pole to comfort the hearts of the military and people in Shandong and Hebei. Open the Lixian Pavilion, recruit talents from all directions, and use the supervisor and discipline to promote the official Ying Tingji to lead his affairs. In August, he patrolled Huai'an, and read Ze Qingshima. Return to Yangzhou, please pay for enterprising capital. Shi Yingjin doesn't make it, but the law can be interesting. Because of the saying: "The talents of the people are depleting day by day, the career is becoming confused, the reputation is won and the real intention is not cultivated, there are many discussions and few successes." Now the situation is even more different than before, and the Lord will seek revenge on the thief. There is no discussion about raising troops and salaries, and there are no talents in raising salaries. Those who pick up superficial talk and skillfully camp Chinese dignitaries will be punished without forgiveness! Wang You replied.

At the beginning, Yu Jie was able to defend himself, and he was able to defend against it. September Shuo, meritorious, jie constructs soldiers, and Qu Zaijie. Lai Kefa adjusts, and the matter is solved. The northern capital surrendered the thieves and the ministers returned to the south, but the law said: "The ministers who are originally from the north should be ordered to go to the officials and the second department of the soldiers to be hired, otherwise they may not return to the south." He also said: "In the change of the northern capital, all the courtiers are guilty." He who is in the north should die, but is he who is not a minister in the south? That is, the ministers can be the south of the law, and the ministers are the governor of Feng, but they fail to know that the southeast is moving towards the north, and the townsmen Zeqing and Jie are not supported by the troops, so they turn south and go south. It is the first person who should be represented, and the subordinate is also guilty. It is because of the succession of the Holy Ming, the Yan is not added, and the grace is stacked. And only in the northern ministers Mao Ju and generalized the rope, how can he scatter the rank and idle Cao, and the blame is heavy on the south hub and Feng Duzai. It is advisable to remove those who have committed significant crimes, and give a heavy punishment as an example. If the false life is not defiled, and the body is tortured, you can ignore it. Those who fled from the north and wandered to the north came later, and promised to be guilty of thieves, and went to the courtiers to use them at their discretion. "The court deliberated and followed.

Jie lives in Yangzhou, very rebellious. The law can be open and honest, and lead to the righteousness of the monarch and the minister. Jie Da felt and was constrained. In October, Jie Shuai's division marched north. Kefa went to Qingjiangpu and sent officials to Kaifeng in Tuntian, which was the original plan for the strategy. The towns divide the flood land, from the Wangjiaying to the north to Suqian, the most rushing, can be the law of self-reliance, build the south bank of the edge of the river. On November 4, Zhoucihe Town, spy reported that our Qing troops had entered Suqian. Kefa advanced to the Baiyang River and ordered Liu Zhaoji, the chief military officer, to come to the rescue. The Qing soldiers also attacked Pizhou, and Zhaoji reinforced, and they were relieved for half a month.

Shi Zicheng has gone to Shaanxi, and it is still not extinguished, but the law can ask for the edict of the thief, saying:

Since March, the great enmity has been in sight, and not a single arrow has been raised. The east of the former Jin Dynasty is also, and its monarchs and ministers are in the Central Plains, and only Baojiang is left; Song Zhinan also, its monarchs and ministers tried their best to Chu and Shu, and only kept Lin'an. Those who cover the partial peace, the regression of recovery, do not aspire to the partial security, and those who can stand on their own feet also. At the beginning of the great change, Qianli wept, and the gentleman was sad and still vibrant. Today, the soldiers are arrogant and poor, Wen Tian is martial, and he suddenly becomes a twilight. The defense on the river, the manager of Baiwei, the people's hearts are not solemn, and the order is not good. The revenge division does not hear about Guan and Shaanxi, and the edict of the thief does not hear about Dayan and Qi. The hatred of the monarch and father is put out of the membrane. Husband and I are the humble palace and Filipino food, taste the courage and lie on the salary, gather the spirit of wisdom, wait for the Dan, cooperate with the material resources of the state, break the kettle and sink the boat, and there is no help. With ministers looking at temples and paintings, hundreds of deacons operate, but it is not complete. The husband will be able to defeat the enemy, and he will be angry; Jun so can be a general, Zhi also. If the temple is not excited, it will not be angry. Xia Shaokang did not forget the humiliation of Dou, and Han Guangwu did not forget the time of salary. I wish Your Majesty to be Shaokang and Guangwu, and I don't want to reign left and right, and only use Jin Yuan and Song Gaozhi to enter the country.

The first emperor died of a thief, and Emperor Gong also died of a thief, which is an unprecedented pain. In the Northern Ministers, there are not many who die; In the southern ministers, there are fewer thieves. This is an unprecedented shame. In the house of the common people, his father and brother were killed, Shang Si's chest was broken, and he was willing, but in the imperial court, Gu Ke was indifferent. The minister wishes that His Majesty will quickly issue an edict to ask for thieves, and the ministers and the towns will be concise and elite, pointing directly at Qin Pass, hanging the lord to wait for merit, fake cheap and responsible for the results, the silk cloth, the pain is dripping, and the loyal ministers and righteous people in the sea are indignant when they hear it.

The country has undergone such great changes, and His Majesty's heir has ascended to the great treasure, which is different from the previous dynasties. But the ministers should be punished for their crimes, and they have been recorded without merit. Today's grace is not over, the military minister's waist is jade, and the famous weapon is indiscriminate. From now on, it is advisable to be cautious, to be treated with meritorious service, and to be fierce and fierce. The military march is the most bitter and without food, it is not feasible to search for it, and it is difficult to continue to persuade the defeat. Please repay the projects that are not urgent, the cumbersome costs, the swallows of the day and night, the contributions of the left and right. Even if it is a matter of ceremony, it is also advisable to save money. If the thief is not extinguished for a day, there is a deep palace curved room, brocade clothes and jade food, how can you enjoy it in peace! It must be engraved in the revenge of shame, the spirit of the court, the material resources of all directions, and the matter of sending the generals to train the troops, so that the hearts of the people can be encouraged and the will of heaven can be returned.

But every time the law is sparse, the cycle is recited sarcastically, and the tears are falling, and everyone who hears it is crying.

Than the Qing soldiers have been sent to Pi and Su, but the law can fly to the chapter. Shi Ying said: "The canal wants to defend the river." "Slow Florida. And the towns patrolled without the intention of entering the division, and attacked each other. Next year, it is the second year of Shunzhi in the Qing Dynasty, the first month, the salary is short, and all the armies are hungry. In an instant, the river was alarmed. Zhao Liangzuo, De Power Division, Shou, Jie Jin Bing, Xu. Jie went to Suizhou and was killed by Xu Dingguo. The subordinates were in chaos, and nearly 200 miles were wiped out next to Tu Sui. Hearing the news, Kefa snorted and sighed: "The Central Plains can't be done." "So like Xuzhou, with the commander-in-chief Li himself as the commander, he commanded the soldiers. The one himself, the nephew also. With Hu Maoshun as the commander of the Chinese army, Li Chengdong as the general soldier of Xuzhou, the generals divided the land, and set up Jie Zi Yuanjue as the prince, please be sympathetic to the court. The army is fixed. The Jiejun was returned, so the south of the beam was not defended. Tu Yingji can be famous for the law, and he added the right squire of the Zhongyun Wei Yinwen Military Department, and the governor of Xingping Army to seize the power of the law. Yinwen, Jie's fellow townsman, trapped the thief in the south, and Jie asked him to supervise the army. Jie died, Yinwen inherited the heroic purpose, and the law was clear. Shi Yingxi, so there is a fate, stationed in Yangzhou. In February, the law was returned to Yangzhou. Before it arrived, the merit came to attack the Xingping army, and the city was terrified. But the law officer explained. but to lead away.

At that time, the soldiers had already taken Shandong, Henan and Henan, and forced Huainan. In April, Kefa moved the army to Sizhou to protect the ancestral tomb. Will go, Zuo Liangyu said that the soldiers were guilty of a crime, and summoned Kefa to help. Crossing the river to Yanziji, the merit has been defeated by the good jade army. But the law is long, and the generals will save Xuyi. The Russian newspaper Xuyi has descended to the Qing Dynasty, and the Sizhou reinforcement general Hou Fangyan has no army. Kefa ran back to Yangzhou day and night. It is falsely rumored that the national soldiers are coming, and the Gao clan is annihilated. The people in the city were all cut out, and the boats were empty. But the soldiers of all towns can be lawed, and none of them have arrived. On the 20th, the Qing Dynasty soldiers arrived, Tunban Bamboo Garden. Tomorrow, Li Qifeng, the chief soldier, and Gao Qifeng, the deputy envoy of the supervising army, will pull out the camp and surrender, and the city will be in good hands. The civil and military forces refused to defend it. The west gate of the old city is dangerous, but the law can defend itself. wrote a book to send to his mother and wife, and said: "Die and bury me on the side of Emperor Gao's mausoleum." "On the second day of Yue, the Qing soldiers were under the city, and the artillery attacked the northwest corner of the city, and the city was broken. But the law is not different, and a staff member will support the law out of the small east gate, and then be executed. Kefa shouted: "I'm the Shi Inspector." "Kill him. Yangzhou prefect Ren Minyu, Tongzhi Qu Congzhi, Wang Zhangjue, Jiangdu Zhixian Zhou Zhiwei, Luo Fulong, two Huai salt transport envoy Yang Zhenxi, supervisor Zhi County Wu Daozheng, Jiangdu County Cheng Wang Zhiduan, deputy general Wang Sicheng, curtain guest Lu Wei and others all died.

But at the beginning of the law, the young master and the prince were added to the decisive policy, the young master and the prince were added to the queen mother, the young master and the prince were added to the military merits of the northern part of the river, and the drama thief Cheng Jikong Gong was added to the prince, all of them resigned and were not allowed. Later, the palace was completed, and the Taishi was added, and the force was resigned, and it was allowed. But the law is a superintendent, the line is not covered, the food is not heavy, the summer is not pure, the winter is not fur, and the sleep is not undressed. He is more than 40 years old, has no children, and his wife wants to have a concubine. Tai Xi said: "The king is in charge, dare to plan for his children!" "In addition to the papers, until the middle of the night, tired of wine. The meat has been distributed to the soldiers, and those who have nothing to support are taken from the salt drum. Kefa is good at drinking, and he is not chaotic in several fights, and he does not drink in the army. It's the evening, into dozens of acres, thinking of the first emperor, tears down, with a few beds. Biming, the soldiers gathered outside the door, the door did not open, and the left and right talked about it. The prefect said: "It is not easy for the prime minister to lie down at night." "The drummer still beats the four drums, and the left and right sides are not alarmed. Suddenly, the law can be punished, hearing the sound of drums, and angrily said: "Who violated my order!" "The soldier who speaks of the people's will is exempted. In the Lingge or in the boat, there is a person who should be guarded, saying: "Life is in the sky." "But the law dies, and his remains are found. In the heat of the day, the corpses were steaming and unrecognizable. Over the years, the family raised the robe wat to summon the soul and was buried in the plum blossom collar outside Guo in Yangzhou. After that, those who made troops from all over the world often used their names to do it, so it was said that the law could not die at the time.

But the law had no children, and the last order was followed by the deputy general Stilwell. There is a younger brother Kecheng, Chongzhen sixteen years of jinshi. Promoted Jishi. Jingshi fell, and the thief was surrendered. The thief is defeated and returns to the south, but the law can be ignored. The king can be lawful, so that the adoptive mother. But Cheng lived in Nanjing, lived in Yixing, and died after reading for 40 years.

------ excerpted from the "History of the Ming Dynasty" by Zhang Tingyu, the minister of Kangxi in the Qing Dynasty