Chapter 20: The humiliation of the Soviets
Mao Shishan has been preparing for this operation for more than half a year. He was going to take advantage of this opportunity to conquer Mongolia, and after that it was winter. By the time spring begins, everything is there. If the Baotou Industrial Zone can't even finish the bullets, it's time to hit the board. The rocket factories in Yinchuan are already capable of producing rockets, and the newly expanded building of the Jingmen Aircraft Factory is almost complete with 20 fighter planes. There is not much to ask for in the direction of Coulomb, only ten crosses.
Looking at the Han people who were busy on the transportation system like ants, the Mongols had no heart to resist.
Li Zhongming did not care about Kulen at all, directly occupied some strategic points in Irkutsk, and constantly attacked the Soviet army. Although the Soviets were prepared to defend and retreat, they were still eaten by a sneak attack if they were not careful. Only one division of Hang Aishan was left to monitor the Mongol People's Army in Kulen.
At the same time, Zhang Linyue continued to attack from the Sayan Mountains, and Usolye, Jima, and Tulun fell one after another. Just when General Gallen was worried about the attack on Teschet. The People's Revolutionary Army stopped. Lee Jong-ming also stopped pushing forward after taking Zavari and Zhigalovo.
General Gallen made several tentative attacks, and although the losses were heavy, one thing was certain. The Chinese do not have the consciousness to cross this line and do not station troops on this line. But when the Soviet troops cross this line, they will receive a fierce counterattack.
Moreover, the Chinese are experts in jungle warfare, and the small detachments of the Soviet troops who tried to enter the Sayan Ridge did not return. The Soviet army was somewhat helpless, because it could not grasp the main force of the Chinese army and could not do a strategic decisive battle.
The 35th Division, which was reorganized by Fu Zuoyi's department, was transferred to Kulen and mixed with Li Zhongming's 24th Infantry Division and the surrendered Mongolian People's Army. The 12th Army was formed, with Liu Zhidan as the commander and Xie Zichang as the chief of staff. Lu Zhonglin saw that the war was basically over. couldn't stay at the headquarters of the group army, and actually personally led the newly formed Twelfth Army, all the way like a sheep to drive King De out of Xilinhot, Xilinhot originally belonged to Chahar, but in fact, Fu Zuoyi only stayed in Chahar League, Zhangjiakou, and did not cross the Mixed Shandake Desert. This rebuilt the confidence of this low-morale army. The 12th Army stayed in Xilinhot for training.
Lu Zhonglin was in the case of Liu Ying's Mao Shishan being angry. Only then did he run back to Kulen from Xilinhot.
Feng Yuxiang, who was in charge of organizing the migrant workers, caught him and scolded him, the commander of the group army was not the army commander, and Lu Zhonglin ran away. Feng Yuxiang helped him arrange supplies for the front-line troops, so it was no wonder that Feng Yuxiang was angry.
Nie Rongzhen was transferred to Taiyuan, and with the cooperation of Yan Xishan and Zhang Tian, he reorganized Shanxi's already fragmented army.
September. It is also the time when a large number of students graduate. A large number of recruits and students from Sichuan, Hunan, Jiangxi, and Hubei went north to Shanxi and Mongolia
and the troops in the Sayan Mountains and the Khingan Mountains; The army of road builders building roads in Mongolia needs to build houses and prepare supplies before the winter comes.
In particular, many of the road builders were southerners who did not understand the severity of the climate in the north. This needs to be coordinated and managed by the government.
Liu Ying, Mao Shishan, Wu Hao and others are all sitting in Xi'an, nervously deploying materials.
Zhang Chun also rushed directly to Kulun. Because this is not a joke, relying on Lu Zhonglin, a pure military commander, is somewhat unreliable, and it is related to the lives of hundreds of thousands of people and whether the north can be stabilized.
The headquarters of the Revolutionary Army removed Lu Zhonglin's army commander and made him the acting governor of Mongolian Province. Experience the pain of logistics. Lu Zhonglin complained bitterly, but Zhang Chun and Feng Yuxiang didn't speak for him. And clearly look at his jokes. Fortunately, Li Dazhao was also very nervous, and transferred Wang Ruofei from Sichuan to take charge of the party's work. Wu Hao also transferred Zhang Zizhong to Kulun, and Lu Zhonglin grabbed Zhang Zizhong, Zhang Zizhong was a few years younger than him, and they were all old subordinates, so he had no choice but to shoulder the courage of the government.
He begged to return to the troops. Zhang Chun and Feng Yuxiang had no choice.
Zhang Chun scolded him with a smile: "You will be the goods of the director of the street office in the future." ”
It made Lizhi and Feng Yuxiang laugh. Lu Zhonglin also said proudly: "After the battle, it's not bad to be the director of the street office." Actually, I don't want to be the commander of a group army, it's better to let me go to the front line to fight, don't there be chiefs of staff in the military headquarters of the group army. ”
Zhang Chun and Feng Yuxiang ignored him.
Lu Zhonglin directly brought Zhang Linyue back from the front line, asked him to act as the commander of the army group army, and ran to follow Li Mingzhong in Irkutsk. Li Zhongming also annoyed him, but old friends couldn't say anything.
Replacing Zhang Lin as commander of the Seventh Army was Peng Dehuai. This is something that Zhang Chun didn't expect, this Peng Dehuai was promoted so quickly.
Zhang Linyue said that Peng Dehuai may not be delicate enough, but he can share weal and woe with the soldiers, mingle, and has a high reputation among the soldiers. The strategic vision is very keen, and as for the shortcomings of delicacy and inadequacy, the officers born in the cadets can make up for it. Those guys are not afraid of heaven and earth, and Zhang Linyue, the military commander, actually has to listen to them. The entire operation was completed in just one month, and millions of people were mobilized, and almost half of China was working frantically for it. Such an efficient mobilization capability made the negotiators in Xi'an, who were under semi-house arrest, feel uneasy.
Gu Weijun informed Chiang Kai-shek of the situation.
"The momentum of the Wuhan government has become unstoppable, and hundreds of thousands of people have taken the train to the north, but they are silent, sad and solemn, and the people of Anhui are also the same. If it is not the people who do not panic, most of the senior officials of the Wuhan government have taken matters into their own hands. Zhang Weimin has gone to Kulen, and the will to take Mongolia is irrevocable, and the negotiators are panicking. The president is bent on the Northern Expedition, and I am afraid that it will not succeed. ”
Chiang Kai-shek's fingers trembled when he held the telegram, knowing that this was a posture to fight to the death with the Soviet Union.
China's weakness has made him afraid to start an all-out war with the foreigners. However, Zhang Weimin acted quickly and resolutely. Comparing hearts to hearts, I am afraid that Stalin also had to consider whether he could afford Zhang Weimin's desperate fight.
1933 was a humiliating year for the Soviet Union.
The loss of Mongolia and the Outer Northeast, and most importantly, the loss of the Far Eastern Railway, which had been planned for decades and cost a lot of money. Stalin's prestige was greatly traumatized, coupled with the growing famine. Stalin had to make a gesture of openness and listening to the opinions of all sides. He had to put an end to the intensification of the economy, but in any case the process of industrialization could not be stopped, which was collectively approved by the Soviets, because it determined the Soviet Union's ability to mobilize for war.
The USSR did not have as many people as China, and could only make up for the deficiency with weapons and equipment.
Far East, he listened to General Gallen. General Gallen believes that now the Soviet army is not yet capable of counterattacking, especially after the loss of the Far Eastern Railway. Judging by the signs of the Chinese army, they only want to take back the area south of the Sayan Mountains, or they only have the ability to take back this area for the time being. Since Lenin promised to return Chinese territory, although he lost nearly an army in Irkutsk, the Chinese did keep their promise and did not continue north. It would be better to sign a peace agreement with China and return the Outer Northeast and Sakhalin to China, so as to draw China's attention to Japan, and it would be better for China and Japan to point the spearhead at the Soviets. And Chinese public opinion will also turn to solving the Outer Northeast issue first to buy time for the Soviet Union.
Stalin listened to General Gallen.
The Minister of Foreign Affairs of the USSR, Maxim Litvinov, and General Gallen went to Xi'an to negotiate with the Chinese government on the issue of a Sino-Soviet friendship agreement in place of the Mongolian delegation.
In October 1933, China and the Soviet Union signed the Sino-Soviet Friendship Agreement, which reaffirmed Lenin's commitment to return Chinese territory and recognized China's sovereignty over Tangnu-Ulianghai, Mongolia, Trans-Khinganling, Outer Northeast China, and Sakhalin Island.
China and the Soviet Union recognized that the right of way for the Far Eastern Railway was owned by China.
China and the Soviet Union signed an agreement on the exchange of minerals for food in order to solve the grain problem in the Soviet Union.
The full text of the Sino-Soviet friendship agreement was published in Xinmin Bao and Central Daily. There was jubilation in China. Even Manchuria was the same, Jin Bihui even cried on the spot the moment the agreement was signed.
However, Japan protested, arguing that the Outer Northeast and Sakhalin Island were Japan's inherent territory, and that there had been three wars for this, for which Japan had paid a heavy price. The USSR did not have the right to assign the territory of Japan to China. During the Qing government, China had already relinquished its sovereignty over the Outer Northeast and Sakhalin Island, and according to the Sino-Japanese Friendship Agreement, Japan only recognized China's ownership of the three eastern provinces and involved the Outer Northeast issue.
However, neither China nor the Soviet Union paid any attention to the matter. Maxim Litvinov went directly to the United States. (To be continued......)