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After Song Xiaofei and Rong Rong got married, Rong Rong also participated in the six-member group of cultural innovation under the leadership of Song Xiaofei, and the six members of this group also included Lu Xun, Liang Qichao, Yan Fu and Gu Hongming. Gu Hongming was also hand-picked by Song Xiaofei.

On that day, Song Xiaofei presided over a six-member meeting in the round table room of the presidential palace and said: "I often wonder, where is China going? And cultural innovation, what exactly needs to change? To answer this question, we must first understand what civilization is. I think civilization is a way of life. It is not quite accurate to think of 'alive' as the ultimate value of human beings. When people are full of food, they will have a higher spiritual pursuit. If there is something different between human beings and other animals and plants, the most important thing is that human beings have found some value standards outside of life, that is, the so-called truth, goodness and beauty. Distinguishing between beauty and ugliness, good and evil, and truth and falsehood is the value of a country's civilization. Therefore, if China wants to move towards modernity and change from a backward agricultural country to a powerful industrial country, it will not work without a suitable culture, and the question of where China is going is actually a question of where Chinese civilization is going. ”

Rong Rong nodded and said, "I think so too." Man is the only species of living beings that can commit suicide, indicating that man is different from animals. Subjectively, human beings have a more important value than survival, that is, civilization, that is, culture. The difference in lifestyles has led to the fact that Eastern civilization and Western civilization are different, and moreover, civilization is not static, and civilization has been evolving in the direction of reason and humanity for thousands of years. ”

Gu Hongming said: "I have always emphasized that civilization does not distinguish between superior and inferior, and harmony is different. Tessy Country. It is a geo-society that developed out of commerce, while China is a kinship society based on family and clan units. Geo-society depends on contracts, and when contracts are made. Everyone has freedom of choice and legal protection, and reason governs people's activities. In China, an agricultural country that has been agrarian for thousands of years, the countryside builds a blood society, and people live by emotion, birth, old age, sickness and death, and human feelings are sophisticated. The exchange of gifts constitutes the cornerstone of society. For example, relatives have a happy event to invite wine, and give red eggs when they have a child. If there is a funeral, he will come out to help the funeral and carry the coffin. In the past, the population was largely immobile. The social status determined by blood, parents, ancestors, is not a personal choice. Like who are your parents. ”

Song Xiaofei said: "I do not deny that traditional civilization has a deep-rooted foundation and great value in the countryside. China's economy in the past was a small-scale peasant economy. Economically every farmer. In addition to salt and iron, you can close the door and provide for yourself if necessary. But now, if China wants to achieve industrialization, it must take the road of market economy, and if people want to become rich, traditional culture may not work, and it must be innovated. You can start by talking about this question."

At this time, Attorney General Liang Qichao stood up. "I'll start by talking about some of my experiences in my work. Modern society. Emphasizing the rule of law, judicial practice and traditional culture are contradictory in many places. ”

Gu Hongming was a little unhappy and said, "You said to hear it." ”

Liang Qichao said: "Dare to ask Professor Gu whether the traditional culture emphasizes not to fight lawsuits, that is, 'no lawsuits', for example, Zi said: 'Hearing lawsuits, I Jews, will also make no lawsuits.'" ’”

Gu Hongming said: "That's true. In traditional civilization, etiquette is emphasized, and if you don't know 'etiquette', you will become a wilderness, have no rules, and are considered not to be a good person. In the past, the parents of the common people, the officials and the squires, mainly relied on education to maintain the order of etiquette and order, rather than prison. If you have to go to court, it must be because someone has broken the traditional rules. ”

Liang Qichao said: "The so-called etiquette is the obedience to traditional rules. In all aspects of life and the relationship between people, there are certain rules: such as the monarch, loyalty, father's kindness, son's filial piety, and the three outlines and five constants. This order focuses on self-cultivation and self-denial. In the Analects, Yan Yuan asked for benevolence, and Zi said, self-denial is benevolence. Yan Yuan said, may I ask his eyes. Zi said, don't look at incivility, don't listen to incivility, don't speak incivility, and don't move incivility. Professor Koo, is that so? I'm not wrong, right? ”

Gu Hongming replied: "I heard that Liang Gong was erudite, and it was so. That's right, people who don't understand etiquette are undoubtedly scum. Society has a responsibility to make everyone polite. Therefore the Son does not teach, but the Father is guilty. This is also the basis for the common sitting in the local society. If a son does something bad, the father will be punished, and even the teacher will not be able to escape the blame. In this case, the lawsuit has become a shameful thing, indicating that the education of the place is not enough. Moreover, the traditional rural society is a society of acquaintances, and the relationship between people is very humane. You might as well give it a try, and if someone knocks on your door to come in, you ask, 'Who!' The person outside the door answers you with a loud 'I'. This means that you have to distinguish people by your voice. ”

Liang Qichao laughed and said: "But the modern city is a stranger society. Everyone doesn't know each other, and there is no blood relationship, so they can't be edified. In the market economy, the most important thing for people to talk about is the contract and do things according to the contract. In society, individual rights cannot be infringed upon. The State has laws in place to protect these rights. A judge does not need to consider the ethics and morality of education, but should make a judgment in accordance with the provisions of the law. ”

Gu Hongming said: "Etiquette is also a rule, just like the rules of football. During a football match in Tessie, the referee blew a whistle and said that if the person fouled, that person would have to be punished, and there was no need for the two sides to stop the ball and argue. The ideal game is where the referees are nothing, why? That's because every player who plays a match should familiarize themselves with the rules beforehand. ”

Song Xiaofei said: "Professor Gu's metaphor is good, society is like everyone playing football together. But here's the problem. The rules of etiquette are a matter of who makes them. In football, it is agreed in advance that the game will be played according to the rules agreed by both parties, and the referee is the authority over the rules. This rule can also be changed, for example, in the earliest football, it was allowed to use hands. But then it changed. The law is like this agreed rule. Etiquette, on the other hand, already exists without the consent of the people, and it is difficult to change. Moreover, the society of etiquette is not a polite utopia, like the gentleman's country described in "Mirror Flowers". Rites are not charity, or nodding when you see someone, rites can also kill, can be very barbaric. For example, burial, this is an ancient ritual. When the army marches and fights, kills people to sacrifice the flag, which is a military salute. Cruel or not. It's not a matter of propriety. Zigong wants to go to Sushuo's sheep. The son said, 'Give also, you love its sheep.' I love it. Compassion, then, did not make Confucius agree to the abolition of the rather cruel act. ”

Liang Qichao said: "Indeed, etiquette is not always good. The agricultural society was resettled, born in Si, grew up in Si, and died in Si. Population movements are minimal. Therefore, the more it has been proven effective in the life of the previous generation, the more worthy of conservatism, 'words must be Yaoshun', and 'good ancient' is the guarantee of life. But in modern society, the population is mobile, and innovation is emphasized. So on the issue of etiquette and the rule of law. Again, I would like to emphasize the rule of law. The ideal etiquette is that everyone automatically obeys the rules and does not need external supervision. However, the ideal order of etiquette is not very common. One can be motivated by selfishness. Sneaking out of the rules. It's like an ideal situation. It's everyone who lives their lives morally. But once people cross the bottom line of morality, we have to use the law to restrain it. ”

Rong Rong said: "The rule of etiquette and the rule of law that you just discussed is actually the issue of the rule of man and the rule of law. In the eyes of many Chinese, Tessie is a society governed by the rule of law, and China is a society governed by people. In fact, it can't be so simple to distinguish. The rule of law does not mean that the law itself can rule, but that the relationship between people in society is maintained according to the law. The law still has to be enforced by people, in fact, people rule according to the law. It's not that there is no human element. Therefore, the rule of law should consider the supervision system of law enforcement personnel. Prevent non-compliance with the law. Lax law enforcement. ”

Song Xiaofei said: "Rong Rong is right, so I have always emphasized the use of law to limit public power, restrict the use of power for personal gain, and the reason why power lures people is mainly property. If there is no profit to be gained, power is meaningless. When we discuss this, there should basically be a consensus, that is, the traditional Confucian culture is suitable for the rural society of the agricultural country, and the civilization of law and contract is suitable for the city. ”

Gu Hongming said: "Even so, we cannot say that China's traditional local civilization is backward. Nowadays, when many people mention traditional civilization, they think that it is backward, and many people think that the countryside people are stupid because they are illiterate, and they are called illiterate. I don't think it's stupid to be illiterate. Foolishness is a deficiency or defect of intelligence, and literacy is not the standard of foolishness. If a person does not have the opportunity to learn, whether he has the ability to learn or not, he will not learn anything. The countryman heard the continuous honking of the car behind him on the road, and panicked. It's not stupid either. Just like a young lady in the city, she will not divide the grain when she goes to the countryside. This is just as the president just said, civilization and culture have a lot to do with people's real life habits. ”

Song Xiaofei said: "Yes. However, my main dissatisfaction with traditional culture is that the Chinese sages put too much emphasis on the preservation of heavenly principles and the destruction of human desires, and did not recognize the rationality of selfish desires. In Tessie, there was a theory in the nineteenth century that as long as everyone can be 'selfish' and satisfy the ** brought by nature, society will form the best and most harmonious order. It's Adam. Smith said, 'The invisible hand in the dark' will arrange the social order, and everyone will pursue it reasonably and legally for his own **, and society is the best. It seems to say that ** itself is a part of civilization. Otherwise, people will be empty, and what is the difference between life and the grass and stones on the roadside? If morality is not based on the recognition of people's selfish desires, it is hypocritical morality, and if the majority of the people cannot do it, it is pseudo-morality, and morality cannot become the plaything of a few so-called gentlemen. ”

Liang Qichao said: "There is also the attitude towards money in traditional culture, money is the measure of our value, what we want to pursue is whether the way to earn money is legitimate or not, not any dissatisfaction with the money itself." In the entire traditional culture, profits are despised everywhere, but the world is bustling, all for profit, and the world is bustling, all for profit, which also makes many people think that Chinese are different from the outside. Therefore, many officials talk about benevolence, righteousness and morality every day, but they are corrupt in private. ”

Yan Fu stood up at this time and added: "In traditional Chinese civilization, the individual is still despised and this is also to be innovated. Tessie has a kind of doctrine, called individualism, which is not selfishness, it is an idea of equality, which means that everyone in the same group has an equal status, and the individual cannot infringe on the rights of everyone, and everyone cannot deprive the individual of his rights at will, and can only interfere with the individual in the rights that the individual agrees to surrender. In Tessie's Christianity, Jesus claims to be the Son of the Father, and He even denies giving birth to His parents in front of everyone, so that the equality of personality before God is established. The traditional Chinese thought is egoism, and all values are self-centered. Egoism is not limited to Yang Zhu, who plucks a hair and benefits the world, but even Confucianism should be included. The difference between Yang Zhu and Confucius is that Yang Zhu is too dead-eyed, plucking a hair and benefiting the world; Confucius will push himself and others, but although he is put in the four seas, the center is still in himself. Zi said: 'For politics and morality, such as Beichen, the residence is the place, and the stars arch it. 'He is always the center, like the Big Dipper that never moves in all seasons, and all the others rotate with him. ”

Rong Rong said: "It is true, Jesus has a heavenly kingdom beyond himself, so he can sacrifice himself to complete the kingdom of heaven." Confucius emphasized that 'the gentleman seeks for himself, and the villain asks for all others', he does not love the world like Jesus, and even loves his enemies, but also asks for God's forgiveness for those who killed him. ”

Song Xiaofei said: "Then let me summarize a little, that is to say, traditional civilization and modern civilization are applicable to different types of society, traditional civilization is more suitable for rural society, and rule of law civilization is more suitable for modern commercial society." Our task, then, is to promote the integration of traditional civilization and modern civilization. Where there is conflict, it is necessary to change it according to human nature. Chinese civilization should become such a civilization, based on reality, on the basis of satisfying personal desires and personal interests, emphasizing the civilization of equality for all, and emphasizing the rule of law. It's like one can have some emotional impulses on the basis of rational living. If you live a completely emotional life, then your life will only be a mess, and you have to be mentally ill! Moreover, the new civilization should be constantly changing, evolving with the development of society, open, inclusive, and constantly moving forward. ”

Everyone in the room nodded in agreement. Song Xiaofei said earnestly, "Ideas can kill!" I heard that Wang Guowei, a famous professor at Peking University, recently hired a rickshaw to go to Kunming Lake in the Summer Palace and sank himself, and he was only 30 years old when he died! It can be seen that the change of concept is also a war, and there is still a long way to go to achieve victory. But we can't stop halfway! The aforementioned new civilization of openness and inclusiveness is the guarantee for China's modernization, and we must vigorously promote it! Otherwise, while running wild on the road of industrialization, while trying to make people's spirits return to the traditional rural society, this can only make people schizophrenic, and we need less Wang Guowei-style tragedies! (To be continued......)