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After the democratic reform conference that day, Song Xiaofei also wrote an article entitled "On Freedom and Equality," which was published in the "Fuxing Daily," the party newspaper of the Baath Party, emphatically expounding that equality for all people can only be in the legal sense, and that real equality is equality in education and equal opportunities. Every citizen is educated, has the same opportunities to participate, to be selected and to win in market competitions and other situations. Equality does not refer to equality in income or property. There is no so-called absolute, universally applicable equality in the world, the state can only guarantee fair education and free competition, the same education, because of the difference in individual intelligence and effort, some people have good grades, some people have poor grades, some people are admitted to good universities, and some people are poorly admitted to universities, this is a normal phenomenon, if everyone is required to be the same, it can only be that everyone is ignorant. It is inevitable that free market competition will cause inequality, and it is normal for some enterprises to operate well and others to operate poorly. This article sparked a nationwide ideological debate and gave the intellectual circles a deeper understanding of freedom and equality.

When Song Xiaofei launched the democratic reform, he also conducted research and research all over the country. On that day, while he was reading documents in the presidential office, Tan Xiaohou, vice minister of national defense and industry, asked to see him and reported the shocking bad news: Xu Jianyin, chief engineer of gunpowder at the Ordnance Bureau, known as China's "Nobel," died in a crash at the age of 56 while trying out smokeless medicine with employees at the Capital Iron and Steel Pharmaceutical Factory.

Many people now form a stereotype, mistakenly believing that China lacked top technical talents in the late Qing Dynasty, which is because they do not understand the real history and have been brainwashed by the history textbooks of "class struggle". In fact, Chinese are not stupid, and they learn Western technology very quickly, and in the thirty years of the foreign affairs movement of "mastering and long-term skills", China has cultivated a large number of local technical talents, and Xu Jianyin is one of the outstanding representatives.

Xu Jianyin, whose name is Zhonghu, is a modern ordnance engineer. A native of Wuxi, Jiangsu, his father Xu Shou was a pioneer of modern chemistry in China, and he was influenced by his father since he was a child and loved natural science. When he was 17 years old, Xu Jianyin went with his father Xu Shou to serve in the Anqing Ordnance Institute founded by Zeng Guofan, the leader of the Westernization faction at that time. At that time, Xu Shou and Hua Yufang were planning to build a steamship powered by a steam engine. For this matter, they "meditated day and night, and they couldn't get through", and Xu Jianyin "tired of whimsical ideas to support it". With the assistance of Xu Jianyin, the first practical steamship "Yellow Bird" designed and built by the Chinese themselves was successfully launched in 1863.

In 1868, Xu Jianyin cooperated with his father Xu Shou and Hua Yufang to build China's first steam engine warship "Huiji", which was 180 feet long. It was 27.2 feet wide, had a draft of 8 feet, had a horsepower of 392 horses, a load of 600 tons, and was equipped with 8 cannons. The hull, tonnage, speed and manufacturing speed of this warship were very advanced at that time, which opened the prelude to China's modern shipbuilding industry.

During this period, Xu Jianyin's father and son, with the cooperation of Westerners Fu Lanya, Jin Kaili and others, translated Western scientific and technological treatises such as "Chemical Strategy", "Cold Machine Dimensions", and "Cannon and Iron Armor". During this period, Xu Jianyin and Fu Lanya also founded Gezhi Academy in Shanghai to spread modern scientific knowledge.

1874 year. Xu Jianyin at the invitation of Li Hongzhang, to Tianjin Machinery Bureau to preside over the research and manufacture of sulfuric acid (then known as the water), after planning, Xu Jianyin used the lead chamber acid method, and soon succeeded in the development of sulfuric acid, which solved the problem of relying on imports for the Tianjin Machinery Bureau.

Year 1875. At the invitation of Ding Baozhen, the governor of Shandong, to prepare for the Shandong Machinery Bureau in Jinan, he was appointed as the general office, and the factory was founded without foreigners, from site selection to planning and design, construction and installation. Xu Jianyin "confident, pro-standard ruler, one person is enough to reach several foreign craftsmen", in 1876, Shandong Machinery Bureau was completed and put into production.

In June 1879, Xu Jianyin was transferred to the north, and in the name of the second counselor in Germany, he sent an envoy to Germany, Britain, France and other countries to conduct technical investigations, and wrote two volumes of "Miscellaneous Records of European Travel", which was one of the earliest engineers and technicians in China to send foreign investigations.

During his inspection of several European countries, Xu Jianyin compiled what he had seen and heard into a book called "Miscellaneous Records of European Travel", which introduced dozens of categories and industries in Europe, such as shipbuilding, machinery, guns, gunpowder, molten iron, steel casting, coal mining, mining, electrical appliances, printing, cement, etc., involving 200 items in terms of equipment, technology, machine installation, dock construction, etc., as well as more than 60 items on metal processing, which are very useful for the development and establishment of China's modern industry.

In 1886, Xu Jianyin was invited by Li Hongzhang to use Western methods to make new breech guns and cast steel when he was running the Jinling Machinery Bureau, and he was successful.

In 1890, Xu Jianyin was invited by Zhang Zhidong, the governor of Huguang, to set up the Hubei Railway Bureau. At that time, Jang Zhidong was building the Hanyang Iron Works and the Gun Factory, and was in urgent need of a large amount of coal. In order to reduce the number of purchases from foreign countries, he "discovered a real coal seam" near Daye, which was of excellent quality, "on par with the finest British coal", and sufficient for these two plants. Its quality is "no different from that of foreign countries", while the price is several times cheaper. Because of the ability to make self-made water, it has created favorable conditions for the large-scale development of Tianjin Machinery Bureau and the development of smokeless gunpowder.

Smokeless gunpowder was invented in France. In 1884, the French chemist and engineer Viely dissolved nitrocellulose in ether and ethanol, added an appropriate amount of stabilizer to it, and made the world's first smokeless gunpowder by pressing it into sheets, cutting strips, and drying and hardening. Smokeless gunpowder burns with no residue and no smoke or only a small amount of smoke. The use of smokeless gunpowder can be recognized to increase the range of the projectile, improve the ballistic straightness and shooting accuracy. The birth of smokeless gunpowder paved the way for the development of ammunition. In 1890, military rifle cartridges in European countries basically evolved from large-caliber black powder bullets to smaller-caliber smokeless powder bullets. The Maxim heavy machine gun also had practical value because of the use of smokeless gunpowder.

However, when the Sino-French War broke out in 1883 and the French were defeated, they blocked the manufacturing method of smokeless gunpowder from China. The three or four hundred machine guns purchased and developed by the Chinese machine gun battalion all need to be purchased from foreign countries at high prices, which costs millions of silver dollars every year, and because of long-distance transfers, the timing of operations is sometimes delayed. After Song Xiaofei issued the research and development task of smokeless gunpowder to the Ministry of National Defense Industry, Xu Jianyin took the initiative to take up the burden of developing smokeless powder.

In order to solve the problem of acid use, Xu Jianyin first accumulated many years of research on chemistry, especially Xu Shou's attainments in this area, first started trial production in the chemical room of the Jiangnan Manufacturing Bureau Potion Factory, and soon succeeded in the Longhua Gunpowder Factory. At the same time, the father and son also developed the syrup cotton wool and mercury explosives, which opened up a new situation in the technology of making gunpowder in China.

In order to develop a qualified smokeless medicine as soon as possible, Xu Jianyin "pestle and mortar, personally refined", after many tests, finally succeeded, but in 1901, he personally went to the mixing pharmacy to mix the medicine and mix, and was about to start production when the machine explosives exploded, and the other 15 employees present died at the same time.

During the decade from 1870 to 1880, in order to meet the needs of shipbuilding, manufacturing machinery, and gunpowder, Xu Jianyin also cooperated with Fu Lanya and other foreign experts to translate and publish more than 10 kinds of "Specifications for Transportation" (geometry), "Instrument Appearance" (mechanical drawing), "Steam Engine Must" (steam engine manufacturing), and "Art Instrument Beads", which are commonly used in construction engineering and manufacturing machines. Electricity", "Talking Sky" and so on.

After Song Xiaofei became president, he implemented the strategy of "rejuvenating the country through science and education" and set up a special National Academy of Sciences, with Dai Xiaohou as the president, and invested heavily in absorbing local scientific talents and foreign technical personnel who were willing to work for China, and had more than 1,000 Chinese and foreign academicians in six years. Many entrepreneurs have discovered that science can bring rolling wealth, so businessmen and business owners have taken science as a darling, untied the purse, funded scientific societies, and developed scientific organizations, Song Xiaofei often praised Xu Jianyin as China's "Nobel" and appointed him as vice president of the National Academy of Sciences.

This shows that there is no problem with the intelligence of the Chinese, and with these scientific and technological talents, Song Xiaofei has made China one of the great powers, basically not opening the "golden finger", but "making the best use of things and making the best use of talents". At the end of the 19th century, Germany's Marshal Wadsey sent a military doctor to use the X-ray machine as one of the medical devices to conduct a physical survey for the Chinese for more than a year, and the final survey report said: For every 100 Chinese, from 18 to 60 years old, 95 people meet the physique of German soldiers, and their health rate is higher than that of Germany.Chinese Conclusion: The physical strength of the Chinese is no less than that of the white race, and their hard work is especially higher than that of the white - the Chinese are not the "sick man of East Asia" at all.

In real history, Chinese have a strong ability to accept Western technology. In the history of science and technology, in January 1879, the American scientist Edison invented the electric lamp, and on May 28 of the same year, the first power plant in Shanghai began to supply electricity. "Shanghai Hsinchu Branches" praised: "The resort does not need to hold candles, and the beads are double distinct for the moon." Why waste money to buy, the sea never sleeps. At that time, some people translated the word "tap fire" as "electric fire", and the word "electricity" is very scientific and has been used to this day.

Song Xiaofei strongly realized that China's backwardness in history was completely caused by the backwardness of the political system, caused by the corrupt ** ruling system of the Manchu Qing Dynasty and incompetent ** officials, not the problem of the Chinese. As long as the Chinese do not engage in internal fighting and do not engage in so-called revolution, the whole country is united, the central government is strong, and "make the best use of materials and talents." With China's vast land and abundant resources, 40,000 people, not to mention small Japan and Tsarist Russia, even Britain and Germany, can also fight a war.

After Xu Jianyin's death, Song Xiaofei issued a presidential decree to hold a high-level state funeral for him and 15 other technical employees who died, and enshrined them in the National Zhaozhong Temple. The National Zhaozhong Ancestral Hall is a national-level place to worship the martyrs established by Song Xiaofei after the Memorial Wall of the People's Heroes, which is located in the Temple of Heaven, that is, the place where the original emperor worships the sky, and is used to place the souls of those who have made great contributions to the country. Song Xiaofei asked Liang Qichao to personally inscribe Xu Jianyin's tombstone: China's "Nobel" is immortal!