Some people in later generations have always questioned the origin of Chinese civilization with impure motives. It is believed that the ancient Chinese civilization did not originate from China, but migrated here by the descendants of the other three ancient civilizations, which is not original, but inherited.

The origin of ancient Chinese civilization, as far as the Chinese are concerned, can be traced back to the Three Emperors and Five Emperors. Then it was inherited by Xia Shang and Zhou all the way, thousands of years later. The Book of Shang, which is regarded as the earliest historical book in China, can record the history of China back to the Yaoshun period. Although the "Shangshu" circulated in later generations also has a debate on the authenticity and falsity, even if it is a forged "Shangshu", its creation period is also in the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties period. At this time, there were still many materials that had been lost in later generations, which were used as references for the imitation of the "Book of Shang". Therefore, although some articles are false, it cannot be determined that historical facts are false.

Later archaeologists, however, did not believe in purely written records. The most important thing in archaeology is empirical evidence. In later generations, many foreign and even domestic archaeologists and anthropologists questioned whether the history of the Xia, Shang and Zhou dynasties in China was real. Among the various schools of thought in Europe and the United States, there are many scholars who believe that China "has no history before the Eastern Zhou Dynasty". Therefore, the beginning of the history of Chinese civilization is set in the Eastern Zhou Dynasty. Directly cut the time for the inheritance of Chinese civilization by half.

Under this fallacy, there are many ill-intentioned scholars who propose that Chinese civilization originated in the West. If this doctrine is established, the inheritance of Chinese civilization for thousands of years and the persistence of Chinese in their own traditional culture will become a joke.

However, it can't be fake, and it can't be fake. Not to mention that China's written language and traditional habits are completely different from Western civilization, but later generations, including cultural relics unearthed from the Republic of China, can knock down the two fallacies that Chinese civilization began in the Eastern Zhou Dynasty and Chinese civilization began in the West.

After the instrument examines the unearthed cultural relics, it can be determined that the oracle bone inscriptions and bronzes of the Shang Dynasty, as well as various relics of the Zhou Dynasty, are genuine. Sima Qian in the "Historical Records". The record of the genealogy of the Shang Dynasty is true. The only regret is that the large-scale and definite relics of the Xia Dynasty have never had a clear statement and undoubted physical evidence.

And even the written record, during this period of the Xia Dynasty, was blurred. It is not that there are no legends and records, but these accounts are always entangled with primitive myths and witchcraft, so that it is difficult to be sure that they exist as historical records.

In this case, later generations of Chinese could not verify whether the existence of the Xia Dynasty was certain or not, so they could only retreat to the next best and look for the land of China. Remains of pre-Shang civilization. As long as these relics of civilization exist, clues to the existence of the Xia Dynasty can be gradually searched. One day, the relics of the first dynasty of Chinese civilization will be found in the history books.

The ancient Chinese also had a very good habit, that is, burial. Many exquisite artifacts were buried in the ground with the owner after the death of the owner. Therefore, although there are not many cultural relics unearthed in later generations, they have never stopped. Yangshao culture and Hongshan culture were unearthed one after another, greatly advancing the starting time of Chinese civilization.

Though. According to the standards of Western archaeology, the beginning of a civilization requires four standards: writing, city, bronze, temple and altar. However, in the details of Western civilization, which is completely different from Eastern civilization. It is inherently unreasonable to forcibly apply it to the head of the Eastern civilization. Chinese civilization, after the end of the Neolithic Age, did not directly enter the Bronze Age.

Rather, it turned a corner. Extending the Neolithic Age to a jade age that is not short in time. The meaning of jade has always been very wide in China. Except for Hetian jade, everything has a hard texture. Those who are beautiful in color can be called jade. During the Jade Age in China, writing, cities, temples, and altars had already appeared, except for bronze objects, which did not appear on a large scale. In this era, the application of jade can replace bronze to a certain extent. It should be considered the beginning of civilization.

The oracle bone inscriptions of the Shang Dynasty can already be regarded as a mature set of scripts. Judging from the law of the development of writing, there must have been a long process of accumulation and unification of characters before the oracle bone inscription. Although the existence of evidence from this process is uncertain, it is still unfound. Oracle can't be created in a vacuum. This set of undiscovered scripts can be speculated to be the writing of the Jade Age.

To put it bluntly, the city is just a large, functionally differentiated village, and in the early era of civilization, as long as a leader appeared, and this leader wanted a building with both military and Peugeot identity functions, then the city appeared. Therefore, the existence of the city is always related to the development of people's social relations. It doesn't exist in isolation. The fact that the remains of the city of the Chinese in that era have not been found does not mean that they do not exist.

The existence of China's leaders and emperors can already be verified by genetics. The earliest emperors in China, judging from the paternal genealogy constructed by the Y chromosome, should have appeared in the middle and late Neolithic period. In this era, there were three males who had a particularly large number of sons, and these sons, in turn, had a particularly large number of grandchildren, and then these descendants multiplied into thousands of people in two or three generations.

Such a pedigree is particularly evident in the lineage of the Han people. In later generations, nearly half of the men in China were direct descendants of these three men. According to the laws of genetics, the time when these three males appeared was 6,800 years ago, 6,500 years ago, and 5,400 years ago. These three years correspond to the heyday of the archaeological culture, the Gaomiao culture, the Yangshao culture and the Hongshan culture.

And the three emperors and five emperors mentioned in the origin of Chinese culture are afraid that they will not be able to escape the relationship with these three men.

From this, the existence of the Three Emperors and Five Emperors in Chinese culture and the origin of Chinese civilization can be basically determined. It's just that the physical evidence of the year is difficult to find.

The remains of pre-Neolithic Paleolithic humans are even more difficult to find. The Beijing ape-man ruins in Zhoukoudian are one of the rare ones. Although it is largely a foregone conclusion that human ancestors originated in Africa. However, the origin of human civilization is still a point of debate among archaeologists and anthropologists.

Civilization cannot be born in a vacuum, and the human remains of the Paleolithic period before the Neolithic Age are very important. In later generations, it almost became the pride of a civilization. At the same time, it is also an important basis for studying the origin and development of human beings.

The bones of the Peking ape man are the pride of Chinese civilization. In 1929, Pei Wenzhong, the discoverer of the first skull of Chinese ape-man, the founder of Chinese paleolithic archaeology and one of the founders of Chinese Quaternary mammalology, discovered the first complete Peking Man skull in Zhoukoudian, Beijing. This large-scale excavation began in 1927. It ended with an academic miracle that shocked the world.

After Pei Wen discovered the Peking Man skull, it took a whole night to excavate the complete Peking Man skull and send it to Beijing. Subsequently, archaeologist Jia Lanpo successively found three fossilized skulls of "Peking Man" in the Ape Man Cave.

According to the later discovery of some stone tools and fire sites used by ape man on Dragon Bone Mountain, archaeologists also found 100,000 pieces of stone tool materials, as well as ash smoke sites with fire, burning stones, burning bones, etc., proving that Peking Man was about 690,000 years old and belonged to Homo erectus. Lived a predominantly hunting cave life, able to use and manufacture crude stone tools. and have learned to use fire for warmth and to eat cooked food. Peking Man produced a distinctive Paleolithic culture and had a profound impact on the development of Paleolithic culture in North China.

Subsequently, in 1930, at the top of Dragon Bone Mountain, archaeologists discovered the ruins of cave people living on the top of the mountain about 20,000 years ago. Since then, the Peking Man site has become famous overseas.

Even in later generations, there is no ancient human site with so many ancient humans, ancient cultures, ancient animal fossils and other materials as the Peking Man site in Zhoukoudian. Its preciousness lies in the fact that "although Peking Man was not the earliest human, as a representative of the intermediate link from ape to man, it is called "the most meaningful and moving discovery in the entire history of ancient mankind".

The question of humanity about its own origins. Since the beginning of thinking, it has existed. It was not until the rise of modern archaeology and the emergence of Darwin's theory of biological evolution that there was a rational answer. However. In a large number of archaeological processes, only the earliest ape-man remains and human remains that have basically evolved have been discovered. Evolutionary evidence for intermediate links has always been lacking. As a result, a large number of scholars began to suspect that humans did not evolve from apes at all. It is very likely that it was created by aliens......

And the skull of Peking Man. It's the most important intermediate link. With the complete skull of Peking Man, it is possible to determine the independence of human evolution. So as to free mankind from the puzzle of whether they are made by aliens or not. Thus. The importance and preciousness of the Peking Man skull.

However, it was not at the right time that the Peking Man skull was unearthed. In 1937, the July 7 Incident broke out, and Japan invaded China. At this time, the fossils of the Peking Man skull have been kept in a way that the Japanese dare not touch, and the American Union Hospital is used by the German paleoanthropologist Wei Dunrui for academic research.

On December 26, 1940, the Japanese army occupied Beiping, and the Americans and Japanese were about to tear their faces apart. Many Chinese have sensed that the wind is not in the right direction, and it is not safe for the skulls of Beijingers to remain in Beiping. Therefore, Yin Zanxun, deputy director of the Central Geological Survey in Chongqing at this time, sent a letter to Pei Wenzhong, a technical researcher at the Central Geological Survey and deputy director of the Cenozoic Research Office in Beiping at that time, describing the dangerous situation and concerns about the preservation of the fossil skull of Peking Man, and proposing to send it to an American academic institution for temporary storage.

However, the national treasure is handed over to others and left the country, which is too touching the bottom line of the Chinese people. In November 1941, after the nod of Chiang, the United States agreed to arrange for the Peking Man skull to be arranged by the consulate and taken out of China by the Americans, and temporarily stored in the American Museum of Natural History in New York.

However, at this point it was too late to transfer. According to the plan, the Peking Man skull was escorted by US Marines and arrived at Qinhuangdao Port by a special train from Peking to Qinhuangdao, boarded the "President Hudson," and was scheduled to arrive in Qinhuangdao on 8 December.

However, on the morning of December 8, when the train arrived at Qinhuang, the Japanese air raid on Pearl Harbor had already begun.

Immediately, the Japanese stationed in the Shanhaiguan area of Qinhuangdao launched a surprise attack on the escorted US troops. The trains and military personnel of the US Marine Corps who were responsible for escorting them, including the personnel of the US Holmes Barracks in Qinhuangdao, became prisoners of the Japanese army in an instant. Supplies and luggage, including the "Pekingese", of course, became trophies of the Japanese army. Since then, it has not been seen.

Some people say that the skull of Peking Man has long been destroyed in the war, some people say that the fossilized skull of Peking Man is buried in Ritan Park, some people say that the fossil is loaded on the sunken ship "Awa Maru", some people say that the fossil is on the "President Harrison", some say that the fossil is on the "Lisbon Maru", some say that the fossil is in the American Barracks in Tianjin, some say that the fossil is in the former US Consulate in Beiping, and some people say that the fossil Peking Man skull has been secretly escorted away by the US army......

Anyway, there is no specific explanation for the forefront.

If the Japanese do not know the preciousness of the fossil skull of Peking Man, it is certainly impossible. Not to mention, the Japanese also have research on the origin of human beings, and they also have a plan to plunder Chinese cultural relics, and the information is detailed. Even if there is really no prior information, when it is found that the skull of a Peking Man is wrapped in six or seven layers, it will also be reported for detailed inspection. Moreover, after the Japanese occupied Beiping, they searched the skulls of the Pekingese. Even, even the excavation site of Zhoukoudian was looted, and even the excavation tools were not spared.

Therefore, the most likely place for the Peking skull is not the Japanese upper officials, but the Japanese lower officers and soldiers. These Japanese soldiers looked ordinary, but many of them were highly educated. Before World War II, Japan was one of the best Asian countries to do education for all. It is not surprising that these people know the preciousness of the Peking Man skull.

In the plundering of China, although most of the spoils of war were handed over, it was inevitable that people would have selfish intentions and hide some of them privately, which was really a normal thing. Even in the Japanese army, which had strict military discipline, it was a matter of turning a blind eye. It is normal for these lower-level officers and soldiers not to report what they have gained.

Therefore, in later generations, most experts deduced that the most likely place where the Peking Man skull fossil was found was the Japanese folk. After the war, a large number of Japanese soldiers were repatriated, but their personal belongings were not taken with them. It's easy to bring something with you.

At first, Yu Sheng thought this statement was pure nonsense. When he heard that the Peking skull was likely to be in his own hands, he could no longer sit still, and flew to Australia. The preciousness of this kind of treasure, which involves the origin and evolution of human civilization and Chinese civilization, is definitely not comparable to a few bottles and cans. (To be continued.) )