Chapter 358: Intervention in Libya
It's finally getting started!
Lu Xiaoya's expression was calm, but her eyes were much brighter than usual.
As an international settlement currency, the benefits of the US dollar itself are already extremely huge, but the Americans are obviously not satisfied with this, and they have played the role of the "dollar" to the extreme.
One of the best ways to make money by taking advantage of the dollar's monetary status is to depreciate it.
The United States will always be a deficit country, and the essence of the deficit is to exchange green paper for things. Through the deficit, the United States sent green paper to the rest of the world.
The deficit cannot be infinite, and if it exceeds a certain limit, it will have to be dealt with, and if it is not dealt with, the dollar will have to be broken, or even run out.
The way to deal with the deficit is to depreciate the dollar.
Of course, this is just a basic routine, and when it comes to specific work, it is ever-changing, and there are various methods.
Since 1980, there have been two changes in the US domestic economy: First, the foreign trade deficit has widened year by year, and by 1984 it had reached $160 billion, accounting for 3.6 percent of the gross national product of that year.
Second, there is the emergence of a budget deficit with a political axe.
Under the shadow of the twin deficits, the US government has raised the domestic base interest rate to bring in international capital to develop the economy, but the massive inflow of foreign capital has caused the US dollar to continue to appreciate, and the US export competitiveness has declined, so the crisis of foreign trade deficit has further expanded.
Under the pressure of this economic crisis, the United States will use the depreciation of the dollar to strengthen the foreign competitiveness of American products and reduce the trade deficit.
Studying this change in the dollar, and then investing and gambling according to this change, will make huge profits.
Lu Xiaoya does not specialize in this, but there are those who specialize in this, and Han Yuan's staff group is undoubtedly the most advanced research institution, even under Lu Xiaoya, there are also many people who specialize in this.
Although Lu Xiaoya does not specialize in this, she can be regarded as an expert in this field.
Whether it is the following research institutions or Lu Xiaoya herself, they all judge that the United States is going to use the knife again, and there is no doubt that the Americans' big knife will definitely cut the devil this time.
This is not the first time that the United States has done this, and it has done so in seven or five years.
Now, the fundamental question is time, when the Americans will get their hands dirty. The smaller the range determined by this time, the greater the profit from betting on the appreciation of the yuan.
"1985, between August and October; Five months, at least 20 percent appreciation. ”
This is the time and magnitude of Han Yuan's appreciation.
Lu Xiaoya knew that Han Yuan could give this time, not only because of the research of the staff group, but also because there must be relevant intelligence support.
This time, in the financial markets of various countries, betting on the appreciation of the yuan, if the time point and appreciation given by Han Yuan are accurate, it will be at least a windfall profit of 10 billion US dollars.
And this is only the income from gambling on the appreciation of the yuan, and does not include the long-term gains such as buying the yuan, taking out loans, investing in the stock market and real estate, and so on.
Lu Xiaoya has no doubt that this time it is still successful, because she has never failed, and the decision made by Han Yuan has always been correct.
Meeting.
There were seventeen people who participated in this meeting, and these seventeen people were naturally high-level leaders of the financial empire, and their depth was much worse than Lu Xiaoya's, and when they saw Han Yuan's order, everyone was overjoyed and excited.
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It's not just the Chinese who are excited about this, but also the Americans.
Americans are more excited because the opportunity to make a fortune has come.
This time, these excited Americans are the real big guys, bigger than the president of the United States.
These big names who are bigger than the president of the United States are the heads of the US Federal Reserve.
The reason why the Fed is bigger than the president of the United States is that the actual policy of the United States is not decided by the elected leader, that is, the president of the United States, but by those who are neither state officials nor private bosses elected by the people.
These private bosses who make decisions for the United States are the big Wall Street bank bosses.
The essence of the United States is liberal capitalism, but everyone knows that capital cannot be decided by boiling, but must be made by the professional elite.
For this reason, in order not to allow the boil to interfere with the operation of capital, the US approach is to separate the very important and critical economic policy rights in national politics from the elected political axe and control them by private institutions.
This system is the well-known US Federal Reserve system, whose transfer of power has nothing to do with elections in the United States, its internal operations are controlled by the major financial institutions in the United States, and its decisions on the country's economic policy are not accountable to the public.
The US Federal Reserve is nominally part of the political axe, but in reality, it can not only disobey the political axe elected by the voters, but can instead implement policies that are contrary to the political axe and public opinion in the name of expert management.
The U.S. Federal Reserve is made up of 12 branches, which are controlled by major U.S. commercial and investment banks, and the owners of these banks serve as branch presidents.
These banks are naturally well-known, and everyone is familiar with them, such as the famous investment banks Goldman Sachs, Merrill Lynch, Morgan Stein, JP Morgan, Bearsdam, etc., and the famous commercial banks Citigroup, the United States, etc.
Of course, the President and Congress of the United States have the right to appoint the chairman of the Federal Reserve, but these positions, as well as the Secretary of the Treasury in the US political axe, are all experts from Wall Street, so it is natural that the final US economic policy will be decided by these big banks of financial capital, as well as the Wall Street interest groups composed of stock banks, stock exchanges, securities dealers, lenders, insurance companies, and so on, which are united around this core.
The United States is a country that advocates supervision, and it is always proud of it, but the proud American people do not know that the US Federal Reserve, which is most closely related to their vital interests, has no supervision.
The Fed meets and a month later, the minutes of the meetings are published, but, under US law, the Fed does not keep a complete record of these meetings, which are protected by state secrets to a greater extent than the CIA.
Therefore, those private bosses are completely free to decide the economic policy of the United States as they please.
The feast has begun again.
The bigwigs partyed all night long, struggling over their share of the cake.
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It's not the elected leaders on the table who are talking about things, and that's the case in the United States, and even more so in the United States.
Needless to say, those who are talking about this matter are also extremely shrewd, and they see the bloody mouths of the Americans who are sticking out little by little.
The Americans are going to drink their blood.
In this regard, the bigwigs are very angry, but even more helpless, whether they admit it or not, they are dogs, they are Americans' dogs, and Americans' hands holding dog chains have never let go of the slightest.
Not to mention those ubiquitous US military bases, even without these, the United States would not be able to compete with the United States, because the resources and cargo routes, as well as the final sales place of the goods, are in the hands of the Americans.
However, fortunately, it is not all a bad thing for Americans to drink their blood, and the sharp appreciation of the yuan can provide a good opportunity for the enterprises to go to the world and expand on a large scale overseas, and can also promote the adjustment of the industrial structure, which is ultimately conducive to the healthy development of the economy.
Good or bad, in the end, it depends on how to grasp it.
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Western European countries such as the Federal Republic of Germany, Great Britain, and France are also eager to try it, because the appreciation of the yuan can certainly allow the United States to shear its sheep, but it is also very beneficial to them.
It's not American products that really compete with us.
Today's development is the result of the United States' support for China, especially technology transfer.
At the time of technology transfer, the United States and the United States had a structural division of labor, so although the development of the United States was very unexpected, and the United States maintained a huge deficit, in fact, the product competition between them was not very large.
Therefore, the pressure on the appreciation of the yuan is not because of the trade deficit at all.
The appreciation of the yuan is most beneficial to the countries of Western Europe, especially the Federal Republic of Germany.
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In September 1985, U.S. Treasury Secretary James ? Beck, Finance Minister Noboru Takeshita, former Federal German Finance Minister Jehart? Stoldenberg, French Finance Minister Pierre? Bergberg, British Finance Minister Nigel? Lawson and the finance ministers of the five advanced industrial countries and the central bank governors of the five countries held a meeting at the Plaza Hotel in New York, and reached an agreement that the political axes of the five countries would jointly intervene in the foreign exchange market and cause the US dollar to fall downward against major currencies in an orderly manner in order to solve the huge trade deficit of the United States.
The agreement stipulates that the Yuan and the Mark should appreciate sharply to recover the overvalued value of the US dollar.
After the signing of the "Plaza Accord", the five countries jointly intervened in the foreign exchange market, and each country began to sell the dollar, which then formed a selling frenzy of market investors, resulting in a continuous sharp depreciation of the dollar.
After that, the U.S. political axe administration, headed by U.S. Treasury Secretary Baker, and Ever said? Experts represented by Bergsten constantly verbally intervened in the dollar, saying that the level of the dollar exchange rate at that time was still on the high side, and there was still room for decline.
Hinted by the hawkish attitude of the US political axe, the US dollar continued to fall sharply against the yuan.
The "Plaza Agreement" opened the prelude to the rapid appreciation of the Yuan.
In September 1985, the exchange rate of the Chinese dollar fluctuated around 250 yuan per dollar, but in less than three months after the "Plaza Accord" came into effect, it rapidly appreciated to around 200 yuan per dollar, an increase of more than 20 percent.
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Lu Xiaoya smiled, saying that the appreciation of the yuan by 20 percent means that this hammer has earned 13.7 billion US dollars.
Of course, Lu Xiaoya's laughter also means that many people cry.
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The Gulf of Sidra, Libya considers it their territorial waters, but the United States does not recognize it, and the Americans consider the Gulf of Sidra to be the open sea, so the American aircraft carrier rightly sailed into the Gulf of Sidra.
On 21 March 1986, the United States launched a massive bombing campaign against Tripoli and Benghazi under the pretext of cracking down on terrorism.
Sixteen hours later, a large number of military and civilian installations in Libya were destroyed and 150 Libyans were killed, including Gaddafi's adopted daughter.
Gaddafi was so angry that he made a speech in which he threatened: "Libya will defend its sovereignty with blood, life and everything it has." ”
Ten days later, on 2 April 1986, a pre-positioned bomb attack was carried out on a discotheque called "Labelle," frequented by American GIs in West Berlin.
Although Libya denied it, the United States insisted that Qaddafi was responsible, and at least two Libyan agents were involved in the bombing and threatened retaliation.
On April 8, Reagan convened a meeting to determine the plan for an air attack on Libya, and used the "Golden Canyon" as the code name for the operation, which means that if you want to get the gold in the canyon, you have to take some risks.
The primary goal of the "Golden Canyon" project was to blow up Gaddafi.
On 14 April, a group of US Air Force planes broke into Libya.
The Libyan air defense system did not respond in any way to the attack of the US Air Force F-111F. In fact, at the time of the bombing, the entire city of Tripoli was still brightly lit.
F-111F fighters attacked three different targets: first, the Aziziye barracks, where Gaddafi's command post was located; the second is the military portion of Tripoli International Airport; The third is the so-called "terrorist training camp" in the port of Sidi Bilal.
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Half a month later, on April 23, Dong Niantu, the Chinese ambassador to Libya, walked into Gaddafi's headquarters.
At Dong Niantu's request, at the time of the meeting, apart from Gaddafi himself, there were only two of Gaddafi's most trusted bodyguards.
Without saying anything, Dong Niantu showed Gaddafi one by one on the slide projector.
China wants to build underground fortifications for Gaddafi in Tripoli.
The underground fortifications were divided into three levels, the first was fifty meters from the ground, the second was one hundred meters from the ground, and the third was two hundred meters from the ground.
This is a modern, extremely complex system of underground fortifications, and as soon as this system is built, basically no one can occupy Tripoli.
If it weren't for the United States' repeated bombings, Gaddafi would not have taken China's proposal, and even if Gaddafi wanted to build it, he might have gone to the Soviets.
But now, under the pressure of a life-and-death crisis, Gaddafi has made the right choice.
In a word, although the Chinese are far less powerful than the Soviets, the Chinese are more trustworthy, and the credibility of the Chinese is not said in the Muslim world.
As soon as Dong Niantu was displayed, Gaddafi fell in love with the underground fortifications built on the screen.
Dong Niantu did not make any other requests, he only mentioned one, in order to hide people's eyes, all Libyan infrastructure projects were handed over to Chinese companies to do.
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The American people were very proud of the bombing of Libya twice before and after, the United States is really strong, and the United States is so majestic.
The American people are proud, and President Reagan, who brought pride to the American people, is naturally even more proud, but just as President Reagan is proud, a catastrophe is brewing.
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paralyzing, paralyzing, paralyzing, paralyzing, paralyzing...... President Reagan will hit the wall, and he will not give up until he knocks a hole in the wall.
Reagan's presidency was not smooth, but also unlucky.
Within a few months of taking office, he was almost assassinated, which was not good.
The Assassin's father, a wealthy man, gave his son a powerful team of lawyers, and finally Leng made his son mentally ill and acquitted.
It's a nest.
As for bad luck, that's why he wanted to hit the wall at this point.
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On April 15, 1975, fighting broke out in Lebanon between Palestinian guerrillas and Christian Phalangist militias, which ignited the Lebanese civil war that continues to this day.
Lebanon is a country where Christians and Muslims are evenly divided, and has always been ruled by Christians, but as the Muslim population grew, they demanded more power, but the Christians did not agree, and this planted the firewood for the civil war.
After the outbreak of the civil war, Israel and the West, led by the United States, naturally all supported Christians, and they directly intervened under different names.
Israel invaded directly, while the United States and Western countries entered under the guise of uniting peacekeepers, but in whatever name they entered Lebanon to help Christians, and this naturally provoked hatred among Muslims.
Beginning in 1984, a wave of kidnappings began in Lebanon, and diplomats, journalists, and teachers of Western countries stationed in Lebanon were kidnapped one after another, including seven American citizens.
There is no good way to deal with these kidnappings, even if they are as powerful as the United States, and in order to rescue the hostages, the United States has exhausted all methods.
Initially, the United States wanted to reach out to the hostage-taking Islamic Jihad through Syria, which controlled its sphere of activity.
However, Islamic Jihad put forward harsh conditions that the United States would find difficult to achieve: that the American hostages would never be released unless the United States helped release Lebanese prisoners of war held in places such as Israel, France, and Kuwait.
The Mujahideen even threatened that the hostages would be executed one by one, and they executed an American hostage, Buckley, in the second half of '85.
Later, when the United States discovered that it was Iran's Islamic Liberation Movement that really controlled the organization, the United States sent intermediaries to secretly test Iran to see if Iran would react.
At that time, because China cut off the supply of weapons and did not want to rely on the Soviet Union, Iran suffered from a shortage of guns and ammunition in the Iran-Iraq war, especially the US military sanctions, which left the Iranian army, which was equipped with a large number of American-made weapons, in a difficult situation due to the lack of parts and ammunition.
Lang is affectionate, the concubine is intentional, and the two sides soon got in touch.
In May 1986, US National Security Advisor McFarlane made a secret visit to Iran.
Iran offered McFarlane a series of conditions, but the United States only promised to provide the planes and tank spare parts and other weapons that the Pahlavi Shah had purchased and paid for.
This little bit of stuff is useless, and because the US bombing of Libya has upset the Iranians, the two together have caused Iranian Parliament Speaker Rafsanjani to suddenly disclose the secret news of McFarland's visit to Iran on November 4.
The use of Iran's secret arms deal was exposed, and public opinion in the United States was in an uproar.
The matter itself was extremely serious, but Reagan knew that once the investigation began, it would be nothing.
A consignment of weapons was traded with Iran, and the funds from Iran's purchase were secretly diverted to finance the Nicaraguan [***] army.
If this is found to be related to him, the consequences will be much more serious than Nixon's Watergate scandal.
This time, President Reagan let the Iranians play hard.
Alas, this is the evil of boiling, you can't be a bitch and you can't do it, you have to stand up to that broken archway.
(To be continued)