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At that time, the Tsarist government and society were like carriages on four crazy horses, which represented four political and social forces, one was the ** government of Tsarist Russia represented by Tsar Nicholas II, one was the Constitutional Democratic Party representing liberalism, the other was the neutral local self-government party, and there was another force The Bolsheviks led by Lenin. There was also a horse like Zola, who was about to tear the old Russian carriage apart.

In the 100 years of the 19th century, the collapse of serfdom in Tsarist Russia was a major historical turning point, and on the road of development, like China in the twentieth century, there were many opportunities to carry out pacifist constitutional and legal reforms, but the violent and bloody parties did not have the patience to wait for reforms, and the assassinations of Alexander II and Alexander III by radicals, as well as some assassinations of high-ranking government officials, blocked the process of reform, and finally made the Tsarist authorities lose their way in the bloody repression.

The first to gain strength was the local self-government institutions throughout Russia, supported mainly by merchants and enlightened aristocrats, and as early as the time of Alexander II, a number of privileges were granted, such as the possibility of representatives of the provincial self-government bureaus meeting in private residences, and the proposal to convene an all-Russian assembly of national deputies demanding local self-government, public trials, compulsory ransom of peasant land, open budgets, and freedom of the press. However, when they asked for the further expansion of the power of self-government, they were decisively rejected by Nicholas II, who, in approving the request of the deputies of the congress of local self-government bodies to participate in the management of internal affairs, made a famous statement throughout the country: "I will, like my late father, unswervingly defend the principled foundations of the ** system".

Nicholas II's Minister of Internal Affairs, Sipyakin, in accordance with his loyalty to the emperor and understanding of national interests, vigorously strengthened the bureaucracy of Tsarist Russia. It was not until April 1902 that he was assassinated by revolutionary terrorists. After that, the cunning and arbitrary Previ took over Scipiakin's class and pursued this line for another two years. As a result, he was also assassinated. After Witte, who was good at power, came to power, he wrote a letter to Nicholas II: "The system of local self-government and the ** system are incompatible. ”

After the defeat of the Russian army by the Chinese, the Russians put the blame for the loss of the Far East on Tsar Nicholas II. After the workers' uprising in St. Petersburg was bloodily suppressed by the tsarist authorities, the public lost confidence in the Tsarist government, and the mediocre local authorities were corrupt, chaotic and reckless. Plus inflation in the economy. This sharpened the antagonism between the Tsarist government and society. The students, too, were incited by the Bolsheviks and went to the square to demonstrate.

In 1904, the Bolsheviks, the Cadet Democrats and the local self-government minorities formed the Liberation League, which put forward a programme of "Down with the Tsarist system". Among them, the head of local self-government was the chairman of local self-government in the Moscow province, Hipov, who was also a recognized leader of the all-Russian local self-government bodies. They believed that this program could unite the broad masses of the people who were uneducated and ignorant. I feel that what they desire most is also political freedom. But this slogan did not appeal to either the peasants or the workers. On the contrary, the Bolshevik theories of class struggle and violent revolution were widely disseminated in Moscow. By the spring of 1905, Hipov had to resign from the leadership of the "Liberation League". Lenin began to lead the "Liberation League" and instigated a violent revolution.

The slogan of the Liberation League was embraced by sympathetic intellectuals. On February 5 of that year, the governor of the Moscow province, Alexei . Grand Duke Lovich of Aleksan was successfully assassinated by revolutionaries. Moscow was in chaos, and many universities even posted posters about the armed uprising.

Lenin believed that the time was ripe for revolution. Thereupon. The Bolsheviks called on the workers of Moscow for a general strike and an armed uprising. He went around saying: "The cause of the people must be in the hands of the people. The working class must have arms in hand, and it is a crime to bow to the tsarist government. All citizens of Russia! Firmly defend the right not to be trampled! In the face of the indomitable will of the people's unity, no force can stand. ”

In the early autumn of 1905, the Liberation League held a joint meeting on a farm outside Moscow to discuss how to overthrow the tsarist government. At the meeting, the various political forces disagreed on the means of revolution and engaged in fierce quarrels.

Lenin said: "The birth of a new world is indispensable for torture and blood. To suppress the chaos, a strong and brutal regime is needed. We must now organize a workers' strike, lead an insurrection, and reshape the world in a world that shocks it! ”

But the leaders of the Cadet Party, Wienerville and Gleejescure, objected. They wanted the people to resist passively and force the tsar to make concessions through peaceful assembly. They said: "A society that celebrates violence and terror must be a tyrannical society, a society that despises life." It is also a society that will disregard human dignity. In such a society, there will be no peace, there will be no love, there will be only hatred. Some are just violent. It takes everything by violence, and it will surely die in violence. Our actions must not contravene the Constitution and the law. ”

To this, another leader of the Bolsheviks, Lenin's closest comrade-in-arms, Trotsky, sarcastically replied: "Then we will go back to St. Petersburg and let the Tsar's secret police and Cossack cavalry slaughter us again." ”

And the leader of the local self-government, Muromtsev, did not say anything. In the end, the Bolshevik claims prevailed.

In 1905, heavy snow came especially early in Moscow. On September 12 there was a snowfall, the ground froze, the ground became very dirty, and an icy wind blew from the Moskva River. While Nicholas II was still in the East Palace in St. Petersburg, Lenin launched an armed revolution in Moscow.

The Bolsheviks mobilized more than 100,000 workers and university students to take to the streets. The workers marched in long lines, singing, towards the Kremlin: the landlords and capitalists are like greedy robbers, plundering the fruits of your hard labor, your sweat, and fattening the greedy people. They take the last loaf of your bread...... Singing resounded in the Moscow sky.

The procession, many of them dressed in tattered clothes, under the dark gray sky, opened their throats and sang loudly, their voices trembling in the cold wind all the time: We are starving. Do you want them to get something for nothing?

They confronted the military and police who rushed to control the situation. The military and police officers wore thick military coats, large black caps, narrow belts around their waists, and were fully armed with sabers and pistols. Most of them are fat-headed and big-eared.

The Bolsheviks shouted to the military police in the crowd: "Soldiers, get out of the crowd and stand aside, your duty is to defend the country!" The people have fed you. Your guns should be aimed at the corrupt officials who oppress the people, not to sell your conscience and loyalty to the people here! ”

Looking at the ragged demonstrators, the soldiers were frustrated and retreated. The people also grew emboldened, and the Bolshevik shouts became tougher: "Soldiers. We warn you one last time that you should be on our side, or you will be arrested for rebellion! ”

The military police retreated behind the fence, and the procession resounded loudly singing:

I am like a red flame burning in people's hearts

I was like a blue flame burning in the streets

I'm going to have everyone give their final roar: "Freedom! ”

I will give everyone the key to hope and let everyone see the light

The rich man, the vampire, is sucking the blood of the people

The bureaucrats, the vampires, are sucking the blood of the people

Tsar - Vampire. Jae-yoon sucks the blood of the people

A crusade against the rich, a crusade against the bureaucracy, a crusade against the tsar

We must exchange blood and struggle for final victory

The procession seized the fences, dismantled them. As they approached the Kremlin, the military police finally received the order to do so. However, the gun was replaced with a wooden stick and smashed into the workers' heads. Many people were smashed on the head and bleeding.

"Bastard!"

"Workers. Don't surrender! ”

"The Tsar's doglegs!"

While cheering up the workers, the Bolsheviks picked up the cobblestones from the ground and threw them at the heads of the military police. The military police who were hit by the smash had their hats flying, their heads were broken and bleeding, and the two sides fought. They rushed into each other's camps, and the scene was chaotic. Due to the close proximity, the military and police could no longer raise their guns to shoot, and the two sides engaged in a scuffle.

The head of a sub-chief who was in charge of directing the military police at the scene. Hit by a flying brick, fell down, and died. The hat was knocked off, the saber was taken away, and the pistol was taken away.

Trotsky, a tall and thin man, stood on a high place and shouted at the top of his voice:

We trade the last war for peace!

We exchange blood for the happiness of our children!

Let's stand up!

The cavalry of the military police later became a disarray and quickly retreated.

This time the general strike, even the workers of the Obukhov Arsenal were launched, and they pulled out the rifles and trench guns produced by the factory. Among them are three-inch caliber field guns, this kind of artillery has a strong ability to fire flat, the hit rate is very high, the gun carriage is separate, two people can lift it, it can fire eight shells in a minute, and the firing range can reach three versts. In this siege of the Kremlin, an important role was played.

Coupled with the fact that Lenin received a large number of arms from China, in October 1905 the uprising in Moscow was a success, and after a less intense battle, the "Liberation League" succeeded in liberating Moscow!

Immediately after the seizure of power in Moscow, Lenin convened a Constituent Assembly, proposing that "all power should be vested in the Constituent Assembly" in order to achieve socialist democratic elections, which was also what all members of the Liberation League wanted to do.

As a result, the peasants, merchants, and some aristocrats, who accounted for the majority of the Russian population at that time, generally supported the Cadets, and as a result, the Cadets won the election of the Constituent Assembly by a clear margin.

At the meeting, Lenin waved his fist and shouted: "'All power to the Constituent Assembly' is the slogan of the counter-revolution, we Bolsheviks, rely on the will of the people, but we must not forget about the rifle either!" ”

Lenin's announcement of the immediate dissolution of the Constituent Assembly aroused fierce opposition from the Mensheviks, the Cadets and other parties, and large-scale demonstrations broke out in Moscow. At this critical juncture, Lenin decided to establish the Cheka to defend the victorious fruits of the proletarian revolution. The full name of the Cheka was the All-Russian Extraordinary Committee for the Suppression of Counter-Revolution and Sabotage, and the most notorious red butcher in history, Dzerzhinsky, was appointed as its chairman.

Lenin said to the Bolsheviks: "The dictatorship of the proletariat is a scientific term that indicates the class that plays a leading role, and a special form of state power called dictatorship, that is, power that is not based on law or elections, but directly on the armed forces of a particular strata of the population." The Cheka is a representative of this power. ”

Lenin granted the Cheka the power to arrest and shoot people without trial, and set up a number of prisons specifically in Moscow. Therefore, Dzerzhinsky had no fear and openly declared to reporters: "We ourselves represent organized terror, and this must be made very clear." In revolutionary times, terror was absolutely necessary. The thirst for the blood of the enemy is a must! Our goal was to fight the enemies of the Bolsheviks and establish a new order of life. We have been quick to adjudicate cases, and in most cases it takes only one day between the arrest of the offender and the delivery of the sentence. In almost all cases, the offender confesses his guilt when confronted with the evidence. What argument could carry more weight than the confession of the criminal himself? (To be continued.) If you like this work, you are welcome to come to the starting point (qidian) to vote for recommendation, monthly pass, your support, is my biggest motivation. For mobile phone users, please go to m.qidian to read. )9