Zhao Ji said: "The two ancestors ruled the troubled times in the universe, reformed the old and made the new, and since the establishment of our dynasty, the internal governance and wealth can be called the first in history. Including various systems, but because many powerful ministers are in power, the system is destroyed, and the ancestral system is no longer there. ”

As soon as Zhao Ji finished speaking, the ministers looked at Ouyang Xiu together. This powerful minister must include Wang Qinruo, Ding Wei, Cao Yu and others, but does it refer to Han Qi and Ouyang Xiu?

Ouyang Xiu regretted a little at this time, at this time, why did he come to the court? But if you don't come to the court, you vaguely feel that you have no chance to be on top again, you can't figure it out, and you don't speak seriously.

"Among them, there is the official system, the ancestral system, although the officials do not receive their positions, but the system is there." Zhao Ji's words were easy to understand in the Song Dynasty, and often later generations would be dizzy and confused when they looked at the long list of titles of Song Dynasty officials.

If this was the case, the Song Dynasty would not be able to function. If an official does not receive his position, he is an official, but if he receives this errand, he has the right to be an errand official. However, because it is an errand officer, it will be easier to transfer. There is no breeding ground for the ministers.

This was the core of the Song Dynasty's bureaucracy.

We can't just say that the system of the Song Dynasty is bad, and if it is really bad, it will not create the richest dynasty in Chinese feudal history and the fewest large-scale peasant uprisings. What is corrected is not that officials do not receive their posts, but that the side effects brought about by officials not receiving their posts, overlapping and empty, and the separation of powers is unclear.

Zhao Ji also said: "The ancestral family law is good, from the time of the emperor's reign, the country is thriving, and then gradually declined, but the system is gradually destroyed. In the second year of Zhiping, Fu Gong wrote that most of the officials of the Privy Council were attributed to the Zhongshu, which is an example. ”

"What Your Majesty is talking about is not the Privy Council, the two systems, the Taiwan Counsel, the three divisions, the three ya, and the internal collection, including the three provinces, six ministries, twenty-four divisions, and each temple supervisor. There are cases where the authority is unclear. The division is not clear. Overlapping and wasteful, unclear real power and authority, this is the country's number one redundant government," Fu Bi said with regret.

This is redundancy.

Let's start with the country. Relatively far. A simple example, the underground manhole cover was stolen by thieves, and the black hole was on the street, and the people looked very uneasy. Call the relevant departments and ask for a solution, but the result is shirked. I called more than 20 departments, but I couldn't find a department in charge. This is a kind of redundancy, a kind of inaction. This terrible, even more terrifying, I'm afraid it's the latter, I made a phone call, sent someone to see, ate and drank a meal, and spent thousands of oceans. To put it mildly, it's not our control. Walk away with ease. And then to the next department. As a result, tens of thousands of oceans were spent on eating and drinking, and the problem of a manhole cover of several hundred yuan has not been solved.

This is only a small problem, if you put it in the country, there are countless similar problems, how much waste will it bring in a year?

Today, some departments overlap, some departments because of repeated overheads, there were still some roles when they were set up, and now there are almost no functions, but it is still full of many officials drinking tea and chatting, and now it has added a lot of fun, reading newspapers.

If not, what will happen?

Zheng Lang coughed and said, "Your Majesty, Yanguo, since Your Majesty and Yanguo have talked about this matter, everyone will work together and discuss it." ”

You can't push anything on Zhao Ji, everyone discusses it together, and everyone bears it together.

Immediately the temple became a scene of accusation.

Complaining about the monopoly of the book in the past three years.

In fact, what Han Qi did was only to intensify this hidden danger, and the real redundancy has been there since the beginning of the system, but it was not serious at the beginning. Song Zhenzong was diligent in his early years, and he also weakened this hidden danger. However, since his later years, Song Zhenzong has sought immortals, redundant officials have risen, and the phenomenon of redundant politics has also risen. Zhao Zhen was aggravating at the time, Lu Yijian was only careful to adjust, and Pang Ji's tragic one-man man turned the tide with little effect. Fu Bi's inaction and Han Qi's monopoly of power caused the officials to be dissatisfied and do their own thing, and the phenomenon of redundant government expanded indefinitely.

Adjustable, reformable.

If it is adjusted, there will be fewer contradictions, but this hidden danger will still occur from time to time. And laid the premise for the party to fight for power in the future, and Cai Jing endangered the country.

Everyone unanimously agreed, it was easy to do, Zheng Lang said again: "Don't mention the past, Your Majesty, in the opinion of the ministers, it is better to distinguish the various divisions clearly, instead of being like before, the authority is not clear, and the favor is fought together, forming a waste, resenting and resigning together, and leaving the national government." ”

After Zheng Lang finished speaking, everyone looked at Ouyang Xiu together, Ouyang Xiulin complained when he left the capital, he wanted to return to himself, and who should be resentful, became the biggest laughing stock in the capital.

Zheng Lang is not aimed at Ouyang Xiu, that is, benefits, such as the end of the river work, to fight together. But where the Liuta River flowed vigorously, no minister could see it. The harm of redundant government is not limited to this. He also said: "The planning of all ministries and departments is clear, the two systems and the relevant draft edicts and the departments and departments that deliberate the edicts are merged into the two systems, and the departments that supervise are merged into the Taiwan Decree, the three divisions of financial regulations, the three departments in charge of military regulations, the military transfer regulations to the west government, and the government affairs regulations to the east government. In fact, the family law of the ancestors has clearly divided the division of powers. If the supervision of various ministries is strictly enforced, how can there be the phenomenon of power and ministers dancing power? And letting the departments and departments hinder each other is not to make the departments redundant and resign from government affairs. If it is strictly enforced, can there be redundant governance? ”

"What Gong Zheng said, the minister thought it was true." Zhao Ding said. The simplest, if the Taiwan admonition is perfect, one by one desperately impeached, can Han Qi do anything wrong? The country still has the black hole it is today. The ancestral family law is very good, but the bad thing is that the ministers deliberately erase the ancestral family law.

Zhao Ji and Zheng Lang glanced at each other and smiled slightly.

This was yesterday's conversation between the three of them.

It is a complete reform, but it can't be said that the system is reformed, it has to be said that the ancestral family law, the Song Dynasty was beaten down by Zhao Kuangyin's brothers, and they have the most right to speak, do you have more than two ancestors who are ministers?

As long as we rely on the ancestral family law, any reform, the pressure will be much less.

Compared with Zheng Lang at this time, Wang Anshi is still much worse in history. There is no need to be afraid of the sky, besides, the ancestral family law, can the ministers not oppose it? Why fight with God, fight with two dead people? All roads lead to Rome, and when you get to Rome, it is the royal road, no matter how you go, you only care how to go, and in the end you can't get to Rome, and it's not a road.

In fact, like Zheng Lang's Confucianism, the main framework is still the ancestral family law of the Song Dynasty, but changes have been made in subtle ways, Confucianism has become more active, and the system has gradually improved here. The antecedent is Han Qi's dictatorship, which brings many sequelae. Everyone suffered. Hear this. Hardly one objected.

Another big mouth in the Song Dynasty was also a person that Zheng Lang valued a lot, and Zhao Luan applauded.

This man is a rare good minister, strictly speaking. seems to be iron-faced and selfless, but he is actually a moderate. In history, Wang Anshi has used things and discussed a lot, mainly because the reform method is not perfect. Strive to denounce its inconvenience. But it was not opposed, Han Qi and others controlled it remotely, and the minister objected, which led to Wang Anshi's resignation. Zhao Luan felt bad and strongly asked Wang Anshi to come back, but after Wang Anshi learned this lesson, not only did not correct it, but turned into a profit. Zhao Pan was furious and begged to be released.

But at that time, the conservatives did not want the reformers to jeopardize their interests, and the reformers were eager to achieve success in the face of all the country's ills and black holes, so people like Zhao and his ilk became the most unpopular people.

The real situation. Wang Anshi's reform has a very good side, which quickly fills the black hole of the state finance. There was even sufficient funds to launch a large-scale campaign of 500,000 people to conquer the summer. However, the nature is harsh to the people, and there are not many open source methods such as the farmland water conservancy law. For example, the Seedlings Law does not put seedlings of grain to the people, and in the end, no matter who the people, even the small citizens living in the city must accept the seedlings loan. There is also the Market Law that harms the market economy. Do useless credit for the people's horse protection law. Wait a minute.

If this is the case, Zheng Lang has countless means to collect a large amount of money for the country, is that governing the country?

Listening to everyone's discussions, Zheng Lang opened his eyes again and said, "There is Zhao Yuedao in the court, just like a mirror." ”

Boom, everyone turned their heads to look at Zhao Luan together.

What kind of person is Mingjing, it is Wei Zheng, a virtuous minister through the ages.

Zhao Ji was proud, this person's promotion had nothing to do with Zheng Lang, it was all his idea. I can be regarded as having the ability to recognize people.

Everyone agreed, Zheng Lang continued: "In the past, Fan Wenzheng initiated reforms and repeatedly asked me for help, including Uncle Ouyang Yong. But I have repeatedly refused, why, because although the motivation of this reform is pure, it is too impatient. For example, to examine the talents and virtues of officials, to hold more subjective ideas, and to perish in the adversity. Not to mention how to reward and punish, and the reform of ten policies and seven items is the government of officials. Officials are important, but without good officials, even if there is a good system, it will be destroyed in a few years. ”

And to the depths of everyone's hearts.

"But is Wen Zhenggong's personnel reform feasible? I have persuaded me, but I still do not listen to the righteous and fair, and the reason is that the reform has failed. So far, when it comes to innovation, everyone feels afraid, there is no antecedent, but there are consequences? Therefore, His Majesty proposes that the various ministries and departments should be clearly divided and each should perform its own duties. The minister also has to add two sentences, Zhongshu is in charge of the country's government affairs, for fear of the recurrence of the phenomenon of dictatorship, the departments and departments that do not belong to each other can only have the right to participate, but not the right to manage, so as not to start to mess up government affairs since the beginning of the Zhongshu. The second is rewards and punishments. The division of responsibilities of each department is clear, meritorious service must be rewarded, and those who have made mistakes and inaction must be punished. If it is too severe, the punishment will be one to three grades, and the reward will also be awarded. In the case of the most serious ones, the courtiers were released, and the ministers were demoted. As for some of the greatest mistakes, they continued to act according to the previous law. On the contrary, some of the people who have made great contributions to the establishment have to be promoted more and more. ”

The punishment is the punishment of the officer, not the punishment of the officer, in addition to the official must be a real officer, when receiving a salary, not according to the size of the officer, but according to the officer. Of course, there are other additions to the errand officer. Even the official position is related to the ranking of the early dynasty. Once the punishment is gone, it will be painful, if you are punished three levels in a row, even if you are a bad official, your income will be reduced by half, which is far more severe than the original copper fine. But only the penalty is not rewarded, and there will be a lot of noise today. There are also awards in the back, although the punishment is still given, it still gives the opportunity to make meritorious contributions, and the bad officials are not much involved, and the political life is still there. If a major mistake is made, there is no such reward and punishment system, and the Song Dynasty used to deal with it in the same way. Or cut off the head, is it possible?

The main people continue to think that Zheng Lang is a moderate, although there is a reward and punishment system, but it is not like Fan Zhongyan's previous rejuvenation, a few people hesitated, and the majority agreed.

Zhao Ji said: "Proposed edict." ”

Riding the hot iron, this is what all the important bigwigs approve of, and if it is implemented, it will inevitably be maintained by all the bigwigs, and the pressure will be much less.

Zeng Gongliang stood up suspiciously and said: "Don't worry, Xingzhi, if this happens, there will definitely be some ministries and departments that will be laid off because they are vacant, how can these officials be placed?" ”

"Ming Zhong, are you going to let the country continue to lose money?" Zheng Lang said bitterly.

"I'm not ......" Zeng Gongliang wanted to roll his eyes, my heart, you still don't understand? I don't say I'm giving advice, why use this big hat to press me. Others can wear one or two tops, but in my current situation, I can't wear half a top.

Zheng Lang is not aimed at Zeng Gongliang, the deficit is a bad thing, but it is a good thing for reform, and anyone who wants to oppose it. It is this deficit that cannot be avoided. It's like how Zhao Shu jumps. lost the name of Zhao Zhen's father. How did you, the emperor, get it? If you can't get around, the name will not be right.

"Actually, it's easy to do, these ministries and departments have empty functions, so what's the benefit of leaving them. Is it because the state spends too much money and is not wasteful enough? Those who continue to retain their substantive positions, and those who are inspected for their excellence will be inspected in other departments or localities. "Anyway, I eat with my salary. Wages were retained, but the departments were cut off, everyone was laid off together, and good people were used for other purposes.

The first few articles were agreed, and it was the latter one that made many people frown, there were many officials in the idle department, and some of them were their children's relatives or close friends, but Zheng Lang's later words made them rekindle their hopes, and then find a way to arrange it.

Lu Huiqing interjected: "Gong Zheng." This is also a way. I have two suggestions, though. ”

Wang Anshi has not yet arrived, and Jiangning is a little far away from the capital. At this time, it was Lu Huiqing who presided over the three divisions. Zheng Lang has always been very careful about this person, a well-known anti-bone boy. There are a lot of anti-bones, but there are fewer talents for others, and anti-bones are not very harmful. Once the person rebels, it will bring great harm. This has to wait for Wang Anshi to come to the capital and talk to Wang Anshi in detail. Once the large-scale reform begins, Han Qi has no ability to destroy it, but this person has.

His face did not change, and he said, "Jifu, please speak." ”

Lu Huiqing had a respectful look on her face, don't take it seriously, think about how Ding Wei treated Kou Zhun back then, and you can think of how Lu Huiqing might deal with herself in the future.

He is also suspicious in his heart, no, it stands to reason that this person has not yet ascended the throne, and he has to wait for Wang Anshi to discover it.

Where did Lu Huiqing know his thoughts, and said: "First, I think that the local officials are already extremely redundant, and once the idle ministries and departments are cut, there will inevitably be hundreds or even nearly a thousand idle officials, and other ministries and departments will be filled, and other ministries and departments will be even more bloated, and if they are filled with localities, the localities will also be under heavy pressure, endangering the governance of local officials." Second, I thought that the autumn harvest was coming, but the national treasury crisis was a top priority, and we had to get through the financial difficulties first. ”

"That's right, but let me be clear, these idle officials are no different from vacant posts. Only some of these outstanding officials were selected, and not all of them were used to fill the ministries and localities. Your Majesty, can you bring Sima Guang's report? ”

"But," Zhao Ji handed the report to Lu Huiqing, and Zheng Lang said, "You see, there were only more than 1,000 Jingguan officials at the time of Zhenzong, but at this time it was close to 4,000, do you think it is normal?" ”

Lu Huiqing looked at the shocking numbers above, bowed twice and said: "It's not normal, but Gong Zheng, this kind of placement is limited, and today, I thought I was going to lay off officials." ”

It will inevitably be cut, but it cannot be said now. This is a tsunami-style reform, the mountain is not high, one wave comes, another wave comes, wave after wave pushes up, if possible, a tsunami tens of meters high can climb over a thousand meters of mountain peaks.

The first wave and the second wave must be pushed, otherwise there will be a quarrel immediately, what else to change? Do you want to be the second Wang Anshi? In particular, the fiscal situation does not want to be moved, and the more the fiscal crisis is, the easier it will be to carry out reform. He also said: "Jifu, as for the finances, I know that there will be a deficit this year, Your Majesty is not a god, and I am not a god, how can I solve it immediately?" In this way, the states and counties will be ordered to check all the debts, and those who can make the government owe are all small and medium-sized households, and the rich and powerful and big families may not dare to move. If this debt continues, it will cause them great harm. The edict was issued to the whole country, and the arrears were treated as bank deposits and repaid at low interest. If the state has a prison in the future, it will be handled according to the river engineering regulations, and they will be the first to enter the supervision unit. If the local government does not have enough money, they will still be allowed to borrow a limited amount of money this year. As for how much the world owes, it is published in the newspaper every year for the people of the world to supervise. It can't go on any longer. ”

"In that case, the debt will be even greater."

"Take your time, although there are many, it will make the court not lose its credibility. The imperial court can't even guarantee its reputation, how can it govern the world? Zheng Lang asked rhetorically. This is to forcibly support the small and medium-class classes everywhere. But there is no need to say that it will not cause much opposition, after all, there is a precedent for river engineering, and it is still a very successful precedent.

But that's not what Zheng Lang said yesterday.

And use the relationship of taxation to persuade Gao Tao and Zhao Ji. A simple example, how much tax does the imperial court dare to collect from the Gao family in Bozhou?

Gao Tao scolded behind the screen: "Gong Zheng, you want to levy, even if you levy, the mourning family will cooperate with you." ”

Don't take it seriously, the levy still has to be levied, which means it. Although the Gao family is rich and powerful, they are not the main body of state taxation, and these honest people who have been borrowed by the government can really be taxed by the state. Will they hurt, can the country's taxes not worsen?

There is another example. When Zheng Lang was in Taiping Prefecture, he spent money to buy land for the people. It was handed over to the people of the third, fourth and fifth classes. The state will raise the two taxes with a lot of money, and how many taels of taxes can the first and second class households collect? Immediately the state's 7.8 billion mu of cultivated land was requisitioned into 300 million mu. Even if the money is spent, it may be possible to reuse the tax means through the two taxes in a few years. into the treasury. Same nature. If you want the country to be rich, in the end, the people will get rich first. If the people are not rich, can the country be rich? Or if you want to retrieve eggs, can you kill chickens? Not only can you not kill chickens, but you also have to breed hens with eggs, those iron roosters, keep a few for seeding, and the others can be noted.

As for black holes, they can be compensated for by other means, not by harming people.

"If you want the country's finances to improve, no matter what means, you must have a smooth government decree, and now even the government decree is not smooth. How to govern the country's finances? Zheng Lang asked again. Lu Huiqing was speechless, and Zheng Langfu said: "But this redundant official is indeed a problem. Jifu, what is your good strategy, write a note and hand it over, if so, you can adopt it. ”

"Okay," Lu Huiqing said.

Zhao Ji and Sima Guang wanted to laugh.

In fact, before the implementation, all the strategies of the hand were planned, but when it was implemented, it had to be done step by step. It can't be said for the time being, it will cause controversy.

Speaking of which, everyone agrees.

Two edicts to the world.

This concludes today's gathering.

Everything was arranged before the meeting, and after Zheng Lang's promotion, it seems that everyone worked together to draw up these two draft edicts. It was the reform initiated by everyone, not Zheng Lang alone, Zheng Lang and the emperor only played a driving role.

The rest of the time begins to reorganize.

There were not many officials on the table, only a hundred or so people, and most of the decisions of the Song Dynasty came from them. But under each institution there were huge bureaucrats, some auxiliary institutions, and some executive agencies, similar to the Shangshu of the Tang Dynasty, but more dispersed than the Tang Dynasty. These institutions all have a relevant role.

There are also some institutions that are idle institutions, places for chatting with the elderly. They were cut off one by one, and more than 800 Beijing officials and countless minor officials were laid off. The little officials are errands, and some of them are miscellaneous, so they can go home and really retire. Zheng Lang was also good and gave them some pensions. Anyway, the finances are rotten, and they no longer care about the resettlement fee of hundreds of thousands. But Zheng Lang said: "All ministries and departments must control their funds in the future and can no longer abuse them." ”

If you want to solve the financial crisis, the government decree is still not possible, Zheng Lang published the newspaper twice, asking for the support of the people all over the world, is it just this action? Originally, everyone was looking for a way to fill other departments, but after hearing the news, the officers and soldiers in charge of various ministries and departments immediately refused. Just kidding, once the funds are controlled and so many people are stuffed in, what will happen in the future? So they put their ideas on the local level, and if they have jobs, their income will be reduced by more than half. Gotta find a job to do.

The autumn harvest is gradually coming up, and the finances are still magnifying that black hole. Zhao Ji issued an edict to let the ministers, including the civil scholars and wealthy families, also make speeches, and if they speak properly, they can be appropriated immediately. There are more ministers who have written to the book, and to put it simply, it is nothing more than a degree of moderation, mainly three redundancies. Officials are so redundant, who can't see it? Especially from the voices of the people, the interests of officials have nothing to do with them, but the increase in officials and the increase in expenses must increase their taxes.

There are many newspapers, thirteen newspapers, all of which are talking about redundant officials.

Zhao Ji once again gathered the ministers in the vertical arch hall.

The reorganization of the three provinces and two systems and the reorganization of the temple supervisors has not yet been completed, but after the reorganization and division of labor, the smooth flow of government decrees is much better than before. This is the restraint of redundancy, and it is only one of them, and redundancy is not only redundant at the top, but also redundant at the bottom. But it's not just about moderation of redundant government, but also about redundant officials.

Zhao Ji said: "In the year of my dynasty's great rule, Taizu Taizong ruled it, but that was the founding of the country, and it cannot be regarded as a Zhongxing law. The longest period of Zhongxing was the rule of Renzong, and it was better to have Huangyou and Jiayou (referring to the time when Zheng Lang and Pang Ji were in power twice). However, when Zheng Gong talked to me a few days ago, he admired the rulers of Xianping. Everyone, write a notebook and hand it over, and see how the ancestors achieved the great rule of Xianping and created the glory of our dynasty? ”

Why was the rule of Xianping successful? First of all, it is a clean government measure, at that time Song Zhenzong did a really good job, saying that there are seven articles of civil and military, pure heart, do not use his own likes and anger to control political affairs, take a look, what is the difference between Zheng Lang and Zheng Lang who does not love others with his own pleasure, and hates others without hatred? Second, officials should be fair and upright and attach importance to integrity. The third is to cultivate virtue, Zheng Lang went around in a big circle, and then he went around to cultivating virtue. The fourth is pragmatism, which Zheng Lang said a long time ago. Fifth, be diligent in political affairs and agricultural affairs. Seventh, reform the malpractice, and stifle some malpractices before they come out. It is said in a general way and is somewhat idealistic, but it is precisely because of these seven articles that the foundation of Xianping's rule has been laid.

Strict rewards and punishments, especially for corruption crimes, are not afraid of corruption, and they will not kill their heads, but this is a private crime, once they are corrupt, it will be very difficult to be promoted in the future, and even the officials who are promoted will be punished. In addition, a file is established, and the things done by officials are recorded one by one, and if they are corrupt, they will be demoted immediately if they are turned out in the future. This system is very good and is still being implemented, but it is not implemented effectively and has not played its due role.

Because the supervisory organs have the right to supervise, the requirements for patrols are more stringent, and if the big Wang Shu accepts a small gift from his subordinates, he immediately degrades Shouzhou. The supervisory organs must not have the disciples and relatives of the Zaizhi, and if there are, they must be recused, and the person recommended by the Zaizhi cannot serve as the minister, so as not to collude with the minister. This is a good system, of course, it is more cleanly destroyed now, especially in the hands of Han Qi, which is almost destroyed.

It is precisely like this, in terms of integrity, the first is not Zhu Yuanzhang's killing of tens of thousands of corrupt officials, nor is it Li Shimin's Zhenguan rule, but the Xianping period.

Choose good officials and listen to advice. Issued edicts many times to ask for bluntness.

The use of torture is opposed to both criminals and soldiers. To this day, the Song Dynasty still does not dare to serve criminals with a big punishment as they did on TV in later generations.

The first is the guarantee system, and the second is that all corrupt officials are not allowed to hold important positions and positions that have access to money. In the event of corruption, both the sponsor and the boss will be punished, which makes the boss and the sponsor pay special attention to the virtue of the minister and subordinates. But there was not much implementation, Fan Zhongyan put the old wine in a new bottle, took it and added some things into it, and launched the Qingli New Deal, but after these things were stuffed in, it became a snake painting move, which was unsuccessful.

There are other means, such as the incessant reduction of taxes and forced labor, the emphasis on agricultural development, and the stabilization of food prices. Of course, this needs money to ensure the implementation, so commerce is encouraged and levies are increased, for example, the liquor tax was only 1.2 million yuan in the early years, and it skyrocketed to more than 9 million yuan in the Tianxi period, and it reached more than 10 million yuan in the time of Renzong. There are pros and cons, but the disadvantages far outweigh the pros. It was precisely because of the reform of Zhenzong that a feudal state actually transferred taxes from two taxes to commerce, resulting in the prosperity of the Song Dynasty.

What is controversial is the alliance of the Yuanyuan, the pros and cons are difficult to say, but for the economy, it is a good thing, that is, in the Renzong Dynasty, 500,000 Khitan is given a year, how many soldiers can be fed, and a fraction of the money can be supported for a large battle? Just one battle of the Yuanyuan cost at least fifty years of tribute.

If there is no Western Xia......

If there was no Western Xia, even if Zhenzong liked the immortals in his later years and had already fainted from government, Zhao Zhen and Liu E would still inherit a country full of flowers.

Now it will come out for everyone to reflect, but not the main thing, the main thing is the more than 190,000 officials who have been laid off! An even bigger tsunami continues to emerge as the autumn tax is insufficient to cover the country's expenses. (To be continued.) )