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Historically, the golden age of German industrial development was after its reunification in 1871, and in less than two decades, it became an industrial power in Europe. Watermark Advertising TestingWatermark Advertising TestingAnd the Soviet Union, through two "five-year plans", that is, ten years, completed industrialization, focusing on the development of heavy industry and defense industry. Under the leadership of Song Xiaofei, the Republic of China inherited the industrial foundation of the Westernization Movement for 30 years, after successful currency reform, drawing on the development models of Germany and the Soviet Union, the government focused on the development of national defense industry and heavy industry, and private capital invested in heavy industry and light industry, plus foreign colonial expansion received war reparations from Japan and other countries, as well as raw materials and cheap labor in colonies such as the Philippines, Indonesia, and Kyushu, by 1905, although China had not completely completed industrialization, its comprehensive national strength had jumped to the second place in the world. In addition to the secret weapons of submarines, tanks, and airplanes, the conventional army has grown to 1 million and the navy has reached 50,000.

But behind China's economic development, major social problems have gradually surfaced: the first major social problem facing China is the problem of officials. China's more than 2,000 years of feudal culture, resulting in the ideology of the official standard penetrated into the layers of Chinese society, and China is a society that values human feelings, so although the republic has been established, the governor has become the chief of civil affairs, the provincial chairman, etc., because the Baath Party has been in power for a long time, lacks democratic supervision, and the power has not been put in a cage, and the corruption of officials at all levels has become a cancer in society. Song Xiaofei is not worried about this, after the establishment of China's Independent Commission Against Corruption, he has begun to prepare and focus on cracking down on ** operations.

The second problem is high housing prices. In order to promote rapid urbanization, Sheng Xuanhuai's government has basically nationalized the city's ownerless land, and real estate developers have maliciously inflated housing prices. Many local governments like to increase government revenue by pushing up land prices, because the rapid rise in housing prices has pushed up prices across the board, which directly leads to many young people not being able to afford to buy houses in the city. High housing prices in Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou and other places. It costs tens of thousands of silver dollars, and ordinary state civil servants can't afford it. The income gap between residents has also widened.

The third major problem is the environment, and some officials blindly develop the economy, causing serious damage to the ecological environment. Industrial pollution has led to the stinking of rivers and rivers, soil erosion on the Loess Plateau, and partial degradation and desertification of the grasslands of the Inner Mongolia Plateau.

The fourth is the issue of cultural traditions and ethics. After the opening of the ban, China took "benevolence" as the body and "etiquette" as the use, and the unity of heaven and man, family and country. The traditional culture of preaching and reasoning has been greatly challenged, the Confucian "Three Principles and Five Constants" have been criticized, and modern education is mostly Westernized education and technical training, and the chain of inheritance of China's historical traditions and culture and art has been broken. This has led to a profound crisis in traditional Chinese culture. Ancient China paid attention to "farming and reading heirlooms", which is the "bloodline" of Chinese agricultural civilization and the "true inheritance" of Chinese traditional culture, but with the development of industrialization, the number of migrant workers is increasing day by day, the old order is collapsing, and Western missionaries are frequently active in rural areas.

The first three of these problems are all government problems, and Song Xiaofei feels that as long as he makes up his mind, he will conduct politics in the way of a strong man's broken wrist. Institutional reform can be solved, but the fourth problem gives Song Xiaofei some headaches, because the ideological controversy cannot be solved through the coercive power of the government. In Song Xiaofei's concept, the government must not control the people's minds, because in history, countries with theocracy were brutal tyranny, no matter what the doctrine was. Even Christianity, which preached love and tolerance, was dark in Europe in the Middle Ages.

The person who is the most ruthless in shooting at traditional culture is Lu Xun. After Lu Xun and Song Xiaofei had a dialogue, he became famous and was appreciated by Cai Yuanpei, the president of Peking University, because the young and vigorous Lu Xun was full of democracy, radicalism, and the idea of "learning to catch up and help out", Cai Yuanpei recommended him to enter the Ministry of Education at that time.

Song Xiaofei remembered that in the mid-fifties of the last century, someone asked the leaders at that time, what would Lu Xun be like if he was still alive? The chairman at that time "thought about it" before saying that assuming Lu Xun was still alive, he had only two choices, one option was to not speak, and the other option was to spend time in prison. When the people at the scene heard this, they were all shocked, and no one dared to ask any more. Song Xiaofei felt that since the ban on newspapers could be opened, it might as well let people like Lu Xun speak well, which might be beneficial to the people.

Unexpectedly, Lu Xun's first shot fired a heavy shot at traditional Chinese culture. After Lu Xun took up his post in the Ministry of Education, he was dissatisfied with the new "history textbook" compiled by the Ministry of Education, and wrote a sensational article: "The Scream", which contained many extreme words: We are very easy to become slaves, and after we change, we still like it very much. If there is a kind of violence, "treating people as not people", not only is it not human, but it is not as good as cattle and horses, and it is nothing; When people envy cattle and horses, and sigh that "chaotic people are not as good as Taiping dogs", and then give him a price slightly equal to that of cattle and horses, just like the law of the Yuan Dynasty, kill other people's slaves and pay a cow, then people should be happy and convinced, and praise the prosperity of Taiping. Why? For though he is not a man, he is equal to a cow or a horse. We don't have to read the "Twenty-Four History" or go into the research room to examine the mastery of spiritual civilization. As long as you look through the "Appraisal" that the children read, and it is still too annoying, then you will know that China, which is "more than 3,000 years old", has always been nothing more than this little play. However, in the newly compiled so-called "history textbooks" first-class things, they are not very clear, and they only seem to say: We have always been very good. But in fact, Chinese have never fought for the price of "people", at most they are slaves, and they still ...... For example, when the Five Hu and Sixteen Kingdoms, the Huangchao, the Five Dynasties, and the late Song and Yuan dynasties, in addition to the old service and food, they all suffered from unexpected disasters. Zhang Xianzhong's temper is even more eccentric, those who do not serve to pay for food must be killed, those who serve to pay food must be killed, the enemy must be killed, and those who surrender him must be killed: the slave rules will be destroyed to smithereens. At this time, the people wanted another master, who was more attentive to their slave rules, whether it was still the same. Or a new one, in short, a rule that would make them slaves...... Or the characters of foreign races came out and cleaned up the world in a more orderly manner. Determine the rules: how to serve. How to receive food. How to kowtow, how to consecrate. And the rules weren't as good as they are now. So "all surnames are Huan"; In idioms. It's called "Peace in the World". No matter how extravagant the scholars who love pomp and circumstance, what good topics are set up when revising history, such as "the era of the origin of the Han nationality", "the era of the development of the Han nationality", and "the era of the prosperity of the Han nationality", the good intentions are certainly touchable, but the wording is too far around the bay. There is a more straightforward way to put it here--a. The era when you want to be a slave but can't; Second, temporarily stabilized the era of slaves. This kind of cycle is the so-called "one rule and one chaos" of "Confucianism"; Those troublemakers, from the perspective of the "subjects" of the future, cleared the way for the "master", so they said: "Expel Yun'er for the Holy Son of Heaven." "Now that I'm in that era, I don't know. But look at the national scholars' worship of the quintessence. The admiration of the inherent civilization of the home, and the enthusiasm of the Taoists can be seen in the fact that the status quo has been dissatisfied...... It's all like a retro home, dissatisfied with the present. Are you fascinated by the peaceful and prosperous era of 300 years ago? Naturally, I am not satisfied with the present, but there is no need to look back, because there is still a road ahead. And creating this third era that has never existed in Chinese history is the mission of today's youth!

This article was published in the literary supplement of the "Beijing Daily" at that time, because Lu Xun was already a little famous, and at this time he opened fire on scholars who were enthusiastic about traditional culture, and divided Chinese history into "an era when you want to be a slave but can't; temporarily stabilized the era of slaves", which caused many people to be dissatisfied, and they petitioned in front of the education department to demand that Lu Xun be removed from public office. This matter even went to Yan Fu, the chief of education, but because Lu Xun was appointed by President Song Xiaofei to be a member of the Ministry of Education, and Yan Fu thought that the point of view of Lu Xun's article was to emphasize that the people had no human rights in Chinese history, and did not care.

Lu Xun then published a second article in the "Freedom Talk" column of the Beijing Daily, "On the Problem of 'Western Learning from the East": We are accustomed to using the concepts and thinking in traditional culture to understand Western concepts and logic, which is understandable. But because of this, sometimes it causes "the donkey's lips are not the horse's mouth". In particular, using traditional Chinese philosophy to understand some rational concepts of the West based on religious spirituality often only scratches the surface.

For example, utilitarianism, we are accustomed to criticism, believing that this is equivalent to what we call quick success or mercenary. This kind of understanding is relatively superficial, and only sees the "form". In fact, utilitarian philosophy is based on consequentialist moral reasoning (i.e., the belief that judging whether an action is moral or not depends on the consequences of the action, regardless of the behavior itself, such as a white lie), with a whole set of systematic elaboration and rigorous logical reasoning. It is represented by Bentham, an eighteenth-century English political philosopher. He clearly and systematically expressed the utilitarian moral theory, the basic idea that everything that can maximize the utility is correct and just, and finally put forward the political doctrine of "working for the benefit of the majority". It can be seen that utilitarianism is rational, and if we use irrational thinking to understand it, we will only get some shallow conclusions. It is a pity that even reason itself is now under the scam of some traditional irrationalists. And the reasons are absurd.

For example, some scholars oppose freedom of speech. The common logic is: "There is no absolute freedom of speech" or "Your speech is not free", but it is almost impossible to jump up and say, "We are freer than you". I completely forgot the "please see the facts" that I taught at the beginning. This kind of logic is like a neighbor who says that your girl is ugly, and you retort, "There is no absolute ugliness" or "Your girl is ugly too".

The emergence of this situation is related to the fact that the spirit is usually instrumentalized in traditional culture. We attach importance to examining the spirit from the practical level, but we do not do enough to guide the practice of spiritual guidance. This leads directly to the proliferation of pragmatism. In some cases, this can be dangerous. For example, if the law is not backed by the legal spirit of fairness and justice, the law may become a tool of the best.

At present, some scholars still have this complacent mentality: "Many scholars in Western countries are reflecting on their culture and learning from us, so traditional culture is superior to modern civilization." People who hold this logic have probably forgotten Confucius's phrase "ask questions without shame", and they do not understand the tradition of reflection among Western scholars. To use an analogy, Western scholars are reflecting on where the sun does not shine, but we hide in the shadows and question the value of sunlight, and we are complacent and refuse to go to the sun. That's kind of ridiculous.

We are a lot of old pedants. Holding on to the smelly and long footwrap of traditional culture, denying universal values and culture. According to their logic, there are two kinds of people in the world, one is people. One is the Chinese. Ridiculously pedantic. The reason why human beings can survive is that human nature has not been extinguished. Human nature determines some moral bottom lines. These bottom lines. For example, the unremitting pursuit of truth, compassion for one's fellow man, and faith in honesty and goodness...... Because "I am man, all the characteristics of man." I have it all"!

This society has been labelled with too many labels: a collapsed sense of morality, a loss of values, and all kinds of ugly behaviors...... Many people lose themselves or go with the flow. Many people ask, what's wrong with this society? So you might as well ask yourself first, what's wrong with you?

Moral sense, values are just a general concept. In this society, it is not the collapse of the sense of morality, but the pluralism of moral views. This society is not a degradation of values. It's about the pluralism of personal values. To put "chaos" in another word, it's called diversity.

For every thinker, the collision of tradition and modernity, the exchange between China and Westernization. The debate between the surname and the surname, the wandering between the left and the right, produces a spark of collision in everyone's heart. In this pluralistic society, many people feel at a loss, but this is historical progress and means individual freedom. Strictly speaking, the so-called social morality and social values are the derivation of personal morality and individual values, and are "the product of consciousness construction".

That is to say, you can choose the morality you believe in, and you are your own God in your personal realm. But remember, freedom means responsibility, you are your own God, and it also means that you have to take responsibility for your actions. To realize your own personal value is to realize social value. To be responsible to yourself is to take responsibility for society.

In other words, in the personal realm, what kind of society is actually has nothing to do with you. You can still choose what you want to do, and you can still choose to work for your future. You choose to destroy or perish, believe in what you believe in, and don't use society as an excuse. You are not worthy, and you can't represent the whole society, not to mention that this society is still a "Plato's cave".

Of course, diversity doesn't mean there are no bottom lines. This bottom line is the measure of people, integrity, courtesy, righteousness, honesty, etc. Therefore, in this society, it is enough to stick to the bottom line, everyone makes their own voice, takes their own responsibility, and stands up the capital word "people". The reason why the dictator has become the enemy of all mankind is precisely because he has annihilated human nature. When you think that everything can be used as an excuse, when others think that everything you do has a despicable purpose, such a person actually has no moral bottom line and has annihilated human nature. As the world's second largest economy and an important country, China's citizens should raise their awareness of justice. The understanding of justice is not complicated, it is enough to obey the first feeling of the heart, because it is a person of flesh and blood, and it is enough to take the "human scale".

Some old people like to talk about traditional morality with young people. Actually, it's even more unnecessary. Generally speaking, the old man with a bright head and a pale face talks about traditional morality with young people who vent their hormones on the basketball and football fields, which is related to a sexually impotent person who persuades young people to forbid. The effect of desire will be similar.

When people are old, they can't understand the world, and they don't understand what young people are thinking, so they can pretend to be Manchu aristocrats, Titi bird cages, wander around the park, and be a kind of person who is beneficial and harmless to society. Why rely on the old and sell the old, show off your ignorance, don't talk about human nature, talk about morality, this is not only anti-intellectual, it is simply insulting to wisdom. However, young people don't have to be disappointed, have more time and patience, and wait for the old bad guys to die, will the world be better? I would like to state that this sentence is not my first creation, and it is an example of the "constitutional question" of the Analects: "If you are old and do not die, you are a thief."

Lu Xun's article justifies the name of "utilitarianism" and emphasizes individual responsibility, especially the last two sentences: "Young people don't have to be disappointed, have more time and patience, and wait for the old bad guys to die, will the world be better?" and the deliberate misinterpretation of "old and not dead, it is a thief", which made many old guys jump to their feet in anger. Even Gu Hongming, who was sent to work in the countryside of Hebei, saw this article and wrote an article to scold Lu Xun for "misleading people's children." There was a young man named Zhang Shizhao, the editor-in-chief of "Jiayin", who advocated that students respect Confucius and read the scriptures and advocate literary language.

But Yan Fu was still hindered by Song Xiaofei's face, and only interviewed Lu Xun. Lu Xun disagreed, and immediately published a third article in the "Beijing Daily". "Justifying the Name of Money": The Chinese have received many years of traditional education and formed a stereotype: "Money is the root of all evil", so money-related activities are "conspiracy", then "financial activities" without any "social labor" must be the "earth-shattering conspiracy" of "evil capitalists". This is true for those who do not have economic common sense. It is indeed a "Daigo empowerment". In fact, he is nothing more than a paranoid "freak" under Confucian moral thought. In my opinion, "lack of money is the root of all evil".

Truly. Everything that happens in the modern world is related to money. We can't live our lives without money every day. Every "evil" in the world is related to money, but does this mean that money is the root of all evil? In my opinion. It is precisely the lack of money that is the root of all evil! Most of the illegal crimes in the world are for the word "profit", and in the final analysis, poverty is because there is no money or lack of money.

Why is it that everyone morally condemns money and has to pursue it in their behavior? The roots also lie in our traditional thinking. The fierce conflict between Confucian culture and the market economy is mainly manifested in the different attitudes of the two towards "profit-seeking".

Confucianism emphasizes the sin of money. Confucianism often does not recognize the rationality of human beings. Emphasizing the "Theory of Condemning the Heart". Confucianism's "self-cultivation, family harmony, governing the country, and leveling the world" has a premise, that is, "righteous heart", the so-called "heart is right and then the body is cultivated, and the body is cultivated and then the family is together." The family is united and then the country is governed, and the country is governed and then the world is peaceful". This "righteous heart" emphasizes that "the gentleman is righteous and the villain is profitable".

In traditional culture, the profit-seeking behavior of merchants is despised by orthodoxy. This is also the reason why capitalism has not been able to develop and grow in China. In the republic, there are still ignorant people who propose "temperance of capital", limit private capital, and only want to develop "state capital". So horses. Gram. The key to understanding the Oriental society lies in the fact that there is no private ownership in the Oriental society. In my opinion, at least private ownership is discouraged.

However, in a market economy, the core of this is the "law of value". Money itself is a measure of value. It is not reproachful for a businessman to rely on honest labor for his own benefit. In terms of morality, a businessman is not inferior to the gentleman in Zi Zeng's "A gentleman loves money and takes it in a good way". The great English philosopher Adam. In The Wealth of Nations, Smith said that economically, it is good for society that everyone "pursues profit."

The market economy is not unethical. It's just that the morality of the market economy is different from the "inner" morality that Confucianism reveresends. The market economy is based on the spirit of contract, that is, integrity: integrity is guaranteed by contract, and integrity is guaranteed by contract. This is something that many Chinese people do not know, and it is also where it is superior.

At the end of the day, money is essentially just a currency, a medium of payment. Money is the root of all evil, but it is nothing more than transferring the evil side of human nature to money. There is no concept of "original sin" in traditional Chinese culture, so "all evils" have to be imposed on money. When we talk about "rampant material desires", we are actually "rampant human desires". In this sense, money is a good thing, it is "childlike", and the spirit behind it is "freedom, equality, and justice", which is much more noble than those gentlemen who are full of "benevolence, righteousness and morality".

At that time, most intellectuals did not understand that most intellectuals at that time complained to Yan Fu, the chief of education, and people demanded that the Ministry of Education remove Lu Xun from public office. Yan Fu was under a lot of pressure, so he had to go to Song Xiaofei. Song Xiaofei called someone to call Lu Xun too, and the three of them had a long talk in the conference room.

Yan Fu reported to Song Xiaofei the main content of Lu Xun's three articles, as well as everyone's opinion of Lu Xun: "This person is mean and unkind, admires foreigners, is young and vigorous, and is conceited and arrogant."

Song Xiaofei said to Yan Fu: "I have read all three of Lu Xun's articles, they are all good, his bones are still quite hard." What do you think is the problem? ”

Yan Fu said: "I personally don't have any opinions. It's just that the people at the bottom have a big opinion of him. ”

Song Xiaofei said: "The wood is beautiful in the forest, and the wind will destroy it, this atmosphere is not good." I think Lu Xun should not only not be dismissed, but also promoted. For example, the first article is very good, criticizing the history textbook compiled by your Ministry of Education, I don't think it is enough. I've also read the history textbooks compiled by your organization experts, and I generally don't interfere with your work, but I really can't stand it. It's really clinging to the traditional stinky footwrap, which stinks and is long. Except for some years, months and days, boring figures and events, many historical guiding ideologies are problematic. ”

When Yan Fu heard Song Xiaofei's criticism, cold sweat broke out on his forehead, and he asked in a low voice, "Can the president be more specific." We're good at correcting it. ”

Song Xiaofei said: "For example, the history of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom. What should we posterity think? It cannot be glorified and boasted out of the political needs of the national revolution. As Lu Xun said, we should use human nature as the yardstick to objectively judge this period of history. Not only Hong Xiuquan himself was shameless, cruel and foolish, but also thousands of beauties in the harem, and the Taiping Army led by him rebelled, causing a historic catastrophe for the Chinese nation. In the five provinces of Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Anhui, Jiangxi, and Fujian alone, as many as 40 million or 50 million people died. The Jiangnan region, the richest region in China at the time, suffered a severe economic blow. Tsarist Russia also took advantage of the Qing Dynasty government's life-and-death struggle with the Taiping Army, and the northeast and north China were empty of troops, occupying more than 600,000 square kilometers of land north of Heilongjiang and south of the Outer Xing'an Mountains. To truthfully understand Hong Xiuquan and the Taiping Army, I personally believe that we must respect the facts and take whether it is conducive to the well-being of the people and the progress of social civilization as the criterion. ”

Yan Fu said: "The president is right. However, some experts and scholars say that the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom once raised the banner of 'equality between officers and soldiers, equality between men and women', and after the establishment of the capital Tianjing, it also promulgated the "New Chapter of Information Administration", which was quite advanced in China at that time. ”

Song Xiaofei laughed: "Those brick families will only study knowledge in historical materials, and they should be locked up in the cowshed!" The important thing in evaluating a person is not what he says, but what he has done. What's more, the beginning of "The New Chapter of Senior Administration" is "Heavenly Father and Heavenly Brother Gangchang, Taiping has unified the country for thousands of years". As soon as Hong Xiuquan and the others set the capital in Nanjing, they revealed their selfishness, narrow-mindedness, greed for pleasure, and lack of progress. In Hong Xiuquan's eyes, women are his playthings and slaves, and he doesn't treat women as human beings at all. There are no eunuchs in the Tianwang Mansion, and there are more than 2,300 beautiful women in the concubines plus the female officials who serve, accompanying Hong Xiuquan as a man. Look at the disgusting obscene poems he wrote, what bullshit. ”

Lu Xun stood next to him for a while, and then couldn't help but interject: "President, Chief Yan, Hong Xiuquan has two major crimes, one is to follow the old path of the rebels in China for thousands of years, starting from feudal superstition, and confusing countless kind-hearted people; The second is to allow the Taiping army to kill innocent people, and tens of millions of people have died in China in the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom for more than ten years! As for the selection of concubines and suspicion and indiscriminate killing of heroes, compared with this big crime, it is a trivial matter. There are also many historical figures, I think they also need to be re-evaluated, such as Li Zicheng, not to mention arrogance and lasciviousness, everyone knows the little things that were done in Beijing, and the fire before leaving almost turned the Forbidden City into Afang Palace; Zhang Xianzhong, a bastard, will kill those who do not surrender, kill those who surrender, kill officers and soldiers, kill ordinary people, kill those who are disobedient, and kill those who are obedient; In just two years of establishing a Daxi regime in Sichuan, the country of abundance was killed by him into a hell on earth. ”

Song Xiaofei nodded and said to Yan Fu: "Chief Yan, this history textbook is very problematic, my opinion, give Lu Xun another level of promotion, let Lu Xun serve as the director of the textbook department, and preside over the rebuilding of history textbooks, I am looking forward to this." ”

Yan Fu said: "Since the president has this intention, I have no opinion. ”