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It was a Sunday and the Bosnian capital was shining brightly in Sarajevo. At nine o'clock in the morning, on the banks of the Milyatska River, the stone-paved old streets, on both sides of which were crowded with lively citizens. Archduke Ferdinand and his wife Sofia had come here for a special visit, as the Austro-Hungarian army was provoking the Serbs by conducting military exercises in the border area adjacent to Serbia.

Earlier, Austria-Hungary announced the formal annexation of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Bosnia and Herzegovina were under Ottoman rule for a long time, and in 1878 they were occupied by Austria, but they were still nominally Turkey. Archduke Ferdinand's actions undoubtedly revealed the deepest pain in the hearts of Serbs. Although the sun was shining in Sarajevo that day, there was a gloom in the hearts of every Serb. In the midst of the crowd, several Assassins from Serbia's "Black Hand Society" and the Bosnian secret nationalist group "Young Bosnia" lurked silently, advocating acts of terror to achieve its goal: the realization of the national ideology and the unification of all Serbian nations.

Previously, Sarajevo had been under the control of the Ottoman Empire, that is, the Ottoman Turkish Empire. The Austro-Crarian army had just taken advantage of the Ottoman Revolution to occupy Bosnia and Herzegovina, also known as Bosnia and Herzegovina, and Sarajevo was the largest city in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Bosnia and Herzegovina is located in the former central part of Yugoslavia, between the republics of Croatia and Serbia.

Many people are confused about the difference between Austria, Austria-Hungary and the Ottoman Empire. In fact, it is very simple, the Ottoman Empire is an empire established by the Turks, founded by Ottoman I, which is based on today's Turkey, including Syria, Palestine, Egypt and other Islamic countries such as Iraq, and is the only Islamic power that can challenge the rising European countries from the 15th century to the 19th century, only a hundred years, almost all Arab countries have been conquered by the Ottoman Empire, only Morocco and Oman are still independent of Turkey. and existed in the form of a vassal state. The Ottoman Empire blocked the trade routes from Europe to the East, and the West was forced to take the sea route, which led to the great geographical discoveries, and Europe came from behind, and the Ottoman Empire declined.

The Austro-Hungarian Empire was the combined name of the Austrian and Hungarian empires. Hungary was originally a colony of Austria and was the second largest vassal state in the German Confederation, the first largest vassal state was Prussia, which won the Austro-Prussian War and kicked Austria out of Germany. After the defeat of Austria, there was no king, because Austria and Prussia were both Germanic peoples and both believed in Christianity. However, after Austria's defeat in the Austro-Prussian War, Hungary began to demand independence. Austria was unable to establish a dual monarchy in Austria-Hungary, where the Austrian emperor was also king of Hungary. Hitler was an Austrian, and his appointment as head of state shows that Germans generally do not consider Austria to be a foreign country, so many Germans, like Hitler, want Germany and Austria to merge.

To put it simply. The Ottoman Empire was founded by Turkey, a descendant of the Turks, an Arab state, and the sultan and caliph of the Ottoman Empire at this time were Abdul. Hamid II, during the reign of the Ottoman Empire, stipulated that all Muslims could enter the upper classes; If the peasants convert to Islam. Exemption from certain taxes. Those who converted to Islam were subjected to cruel persecution and untouchability. So the Ottoman Empire, many Muslims. Austria-Hungary was Austria, a Germanic people, of the same ancestry as Germany. At this time it belonged to the Habsburg dynasty, and the Austro-Hungarian emperor was Franz. Joseph I. In 1908, the Austro-Hungarian Empire was far stronger than the Ottoman Empire and was one of the five great powers of Europe, while the Ottoman Empire was the backward "sick man of Europe".

1908 year. Young Turks, who launched and led the campaign against the Ottoman Sultan Abdul. The revolution of Hamid II's feudal ** system demanded the introduction of a constitutional monarchy.

On July 3, 1908, Major Niazibey, the head of the Resné organization of the Turkish Association for the Advancement of Unification, led 150 people to the mountains to fight guerrillas, and declared his opposition to the Sudanese government and foreign carve-up plots with the call of "freedom, equality, fraternity, and justice".

A few days later, Enver Pasha, who had gone underground, also declared an uprising. The revolutionary uprising quickly swept through many units of the 3rd and 2nd Army Corps stationed in Macedonia, and soon the Association for the Advancement of Unity became the real master of the entire Macedonian region.

On July 20, the Muslim inhabitants of Monastia staged an uprising; On the 23rd, the rebel army marched into Thessaloniki, announced the restoration of the 1876 constitution, and telegraphed the Sultan to restore the constitution within a time limit, otherwise it would march to the capital Istanbul.

Abdul. Hamid II felt that the tide was turning, and was forced to proclaim the restoration of the 1876 constitution on 24 July. In Abdul. During the reign of Hamid II, after his brother Sultan Murad V was declared mentally ill and deposed, he ascended the throne with the support of the Neo-Ottomans, and on December 23 of the same year, under the auspices of Prime Minister Midhat Pasha, he promulgated the first constitution of the empire, which became the 1876 Constitution.

However, at that time, the Ottoman Empire was similar to the late Qing Empire, and the feudal theocratic empire that once spanned Europe, Asia and Africa was dominated by European powers, especially Tsarist Russia in eastern Europe. The Russians, in retaliation for the tyranny of the Ottoman Empire over its Slavic subjects in the Balkans, launched a new campaign in Abdul. The year after his accession to the throne, Hamid II declared war on the Ottoman Empire. As before, the decaying Turkish army suffered a series of crushing defeats. By the time the Treaty of San Stefano was signed in 1878, the Ottoman Empire had effectively lost most of its European possessions. After the defeat of the war against Russia, Abdul. Hamid II dissolved Parliament and exiled Prime Minister Midhart. Restore the ** system, establish a reign of terror, promote pan-Islamism, and persecute ethnic minorities.

The Young Turks, the organization of the rebel army, saw that the Sultan had established a constitution, convened a parliament, believed that the revolutionary goal had been achieved, and was content with the position of "overseers" of the government. The Sudan and its Government are unharmed, creating a situation in which two regimes coexist.

At the beginning of October 1908, Austrian troops occupied Bosnia and Herzegovina. This military parade was carried out in an open-top car. Forty-five-year-old Archduke Ferdinand and his wife Sophia waved to the welcoming crowd, though they were smiling, with the arrogance of a conqueror.

Archduke Ferdinand waved to the troops and populace on either side, and the buildings on either side were Bosnian and Turkish, with cafes, rotisserie and mosques dotted with cafes, barbecues and mosques, from Turkish-style coffee sets, carved and chiseled copper vases, pots and jars, and disc art to handmade wooden cigarette boxes and jewellery boxes.

Serbia's first assassin was ambushed at the Appel docks, and when Ferdinand's convoy passed by, a policeman happened to be standing beside him, and he escaped. The second assassin, who was not far away, decided to seize the opportunity, he aimed at the Grand Duke's special car and dropped the bomb that had been prepared in advance. As soon as Ferdinand's driver stepped on the accelerator, the bomb fell between the second and third cars.

There was a loud "boom", and shrapnel shot everywhere. The Assassin didn't bother to check the results of the battle, and immediately jumped into the river to escape, but was immediately captured. After the ceremony, the crown prince rushed to the National Museum according to the schedule. Assassin No. 6 was placed on a bridge not far from the town hall, but he was clearly not brave enough and mentally prepared. Just watched the convoy leave in a daze. A total of seven killers were arranged for this operation, so the organizers were always confident. Even four Assassins were substitutes.

Unfortunately, this time, unlike in history, in 1908, Ferdinand's car was the top car produced by the Sino-US joint venture, and it was all aimed at the ultimate in safety: for example, the national emblem was made of pure gold, and light armor was added to key parts. After the attack, he quickly sat back in the car, and when the windows were broken, shards of glass rained down.

Ferdinand escaped this with no danger, and when he heard that the assassin was a Serb, Archduke Ferdinand gritted his teeth with a murderous face and said: "Damn Serbs, what awaits you will be the harshest revenge......

After learning that the crown prince was safe and sound, the old emperor Franz. Joseph breathed a sigh of relief: "It's terrible, but fortunately, Emperor Ferdinand's nephew is safe and sound." ”

Since Serbia emerged from Turkish rule, it has grown stronger in the Balkans and has become the core of the southern Slavs in their struggle for national unity against foreign domination. The Slavs of Bosnia and Herzegovina, now dependent on the Austro-Hungarian Empire, strongly demanded to get rid of the rule of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, merge with Serbia, and establish a unified Yugoslav state. Serbia had become a problem for Austria-Hungary, and the assassination of the crown prince undoubtedly gave Austria-Hungary a chance, and Austria-Hungary soon announced that it would send troops to Serbia.

Ferdinand tried his best to provoke fratricidal wars among the Slavic peoples of the south. A quarter of the main forces of the Austro-Hungarian Balkan Army in Serbia were Serbs from Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia and Dalmatia, while the Croats numbered more than half.

Ferdinand's intentions were very sinister, that is, to make the Serbs fight the Serbs and create hatred between the Serbs and the Croats. In addition, the Austro-Hungarian authorities pursued a policy of racial discrimination and genocide against Serbs in Croatia, particularly in Bosnia and Herzegovina. They persecuted the Serbs through brutal means such as extermination, forced evacuation, and concentration camps, and the Austro-Hungarian army began to attack Serbia, and World War I was in full swing!