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After Song Xiaofei's visit to the United States, he returned to China on a special battleship. At this time, Rong Rong sent him news that surprised him on the battlefield in Turkey: the Turkish massacre. Originally, Song Xiaofei thought that the Turkish Youth Party, which took constitutional monarchy and democracy as the slogan of struggle, would bring new life to the Turkish people after the success of the revolution. But I didn't expect that this idea was too naïve. The rebirth of Turkey was a heinous and horrific bloody massacre against Turkey's own Armenians.

Before the revolution, the political system of the Ottoman Turkish Empire was similar to that of the Late Qing Empire, which was the European version of the Late Qing Empire, one was the "sick man of East Asia" and the other was the "sick man of Europe". The two great empires were feudal monarchs**, and there was a long period of glory and prosperity, but there was no industrial revolution, and after the decline, they lost a lot of land in the war against the great powers, lost their power and humiliated the country, and then, after decades of "Shiyi Changji" reform, the only difference is that the Ottoman Turkish Empire was a predominantly Islamic country.

Because the Ottoman Turkish Empire was similar to the Late Qing Empire, Song Xiaofei paid great attention to the revolution and historical process of this country, because it could better understand what a revolution was. The revolution in Turkey also made Song Xiaofei deeply understand that in fact, the revolutionary process in most countries in the world will be similar: with the slogan of nationalism, people's democracy, fairness and justice, and other beautiful ideals, he will resist the dictatorship with bloodshed and violence, and after the success of the revolution, he will become a dictator and oppress the people with violence. became the one who had shed blood and sacrificed himself in the past.

After Song Xiaofei came to this time and space, there was a "butterfly effect", and the revolutionary process in Turkey was similar to that in history. But apparently the process has accelerated, like a world war that came ahead of schedule.

Enver. Pasha was one of the main leaders of the Turkish Revolution, and he often referred to himself as "sent by Allah to save the Turkic peoples."

Enver was born on 22 November 1881 in Constantinople to a wealthy merchant family. His father, Ahmed, was a civil engineer. At the age of six, Enver followed his father to Monastia, where he attended primary school, later entered the Monastie Military School, and after graduation went on to the Military Academy of Constantinople.

Enver was not tall and wanted to be an officer in his youth. Immersed in school and little concerned with politics. On one occasion, several officers and students in the school were punished for conspiring against the Sultan. The principal lectured the students on this matter. They were asked to be absolutely loyal to the Sultan, and Enver turned a deaf ear to such matters.

In 1903, at the age of twenty-two, Enver graduated with honors from the Military Academy of Constantinople with the rank of cavalry captain. Sent to work in the Third Army of Macedonia. in Monastia. Macedonia was the meeting point of various contradictions inside and outside the Ottoman Turkish Empire at that time, and there were more than 130 armed guerrilla groups of various oppressed nationalities alone, and the government stationed heavy troops here to brutally suppress them. At first, Enver actively participated in the suppression of the guerrillas and devoted himself to serving the country. But he soon discovered that loving the Sultan's court was not the same as loving the Turkish Empire.

August 2, 1903. Enver was stealing the day, and the Bulgarians revolted. The army of the Sultan ** was under the blows of the rebel army and civilians. Routs after routs. This incident stung Enver deeply: it turned out that the propaganda in the newspapers about how powerful the Turkish army was, was all lies. At that time, most of the Sultan's army, officials above the rank of regiment, had to pay bribes to obtain them. None of the young soldiers wanted to die for the Sultan, and loyalty to the Sultan's court was a joke.

Three days later, Rostkovsky, the Russian consul in Monastia, met a Turkish gendarme in the street. The gendarmes did not notice that the bearded Slav was the Russian consul in Monastia and did not salute him in time.

Rostkovsky walked up to the young Turkish gendarme, spat in his face, whipped the gendarme with a leather whip in his hand, and scolded: "You son of a bitch, Turkic mongrel, do you dare not salute the Russian ambassador? ”

The young Turkish gendarme hurriedly raised his right hand and saluted, but Rostkovsky, disgusted that he did not respect it, and swung a loud whip at his face, which was heavier, and the young Turkish gendarme's face bloomed, leaving a deep blood mark.

The young Turkish gendarme glared at Rosekovsky angrily, and the hand holding the gun trembled in the wind.

Rostekwsky took a step closer and laughed at him: "You bastard, who are you scaring with your gun?" There's a kind of you beat me to death! Otherwise, I'll let you go home and farm tomorrow!" ”

There was a thud of gunshots, and a bullet passed through Rostekwsky's head. The young gendarme could not bear it anymore and shot the Russian consul dead on the spot.

Enver is in charge of investigating the matter. The Russian diplomat approached him and demanded that he immediately shoot the young Turkish gendarme. Enver refused, saying: "The matter has not been investigated yet!" Moreover, even if it is to be punished, it will have to be decided by a Turkish court! ”

The Russian diplomat replied contemptuously: "Wait and see!" He's dead! ”

After the fact, Enver felt that the young Turkish gendarme should not die, he was about the same age as Enver, and he had a young sister and an elderly mother to provide for at home.

But under the coercion of the Russian government, the Turkish court sentenced the gendarme to death despite Enver's objections. Enver was also ordered by his superiors to accompany the Russian diplomat to watch the execution of the young Turkish gendarme.

Enver watched in pain as the bullet pierced the heart of the young Turkish gendarme, and he remembered the desperate eyes of the gendarme and the blood shed all over the ground, and he woke up: when the Sultan's court could not give the people dignity, it was true patriotism to take up arms to overthrow the backward court!

After that, the weakness and injustice of the Ottoman Turkish Empire, and the arrogance and arrogance of the diplomats of the Tsarist Empire, left a deep pain in the minds of Enver. Gradually, he became involved in the politics of the young officers, eventually joining the United Progressive Association, the forerunner of the Young Turks Party.

In the early days of the revolution, Enver showed great enthusiasm. In favor of national unity and equality. He impassionedly told the members of the Association for the Progress of Unification: "From now on we are all brothers, no more Bulgarians, no Armenians, no Greeks, no more Romanians, no Jews, no more Muslims, we are all equal under the blue sky." They all feel proud to be Ottomans".

On the eve of the 1908 revolution, at the age of 27, Enver had become a member of the Central Committee of the Turkish Association for Unity and Progress, responsible for building guerrilla units in the countryside to promote the spread of revolutionary ideas among the people.

Because Sudan rejects democratic reforms. The Revolution has finally broken out! On July 3, Niazi, an officer in the city of Rashna, was the first to attack, demanding "freedom, equality, and fraternity." Three days later. Following the example of Niazi and other officers, Enver led his troops up the mountains to fight guerrilla warfare, determined to overthrow the tyranny of the Sultan at all costs, and telegraphed the Sultan to demand a constitution. July 23rd. The Turkish Sultan, under revolutionary pressure, was forced to declare the restoration of the 1876 Constitution. Enver and Niazi arrived in Constantinople. Together, they have become "freedom heroes" in the national attention, and they have been admired and praised everywhere. They jointly formed the Young Turks Party.

Soon after, the Turkish Sultan instigated a rebellion against the Constantinople garrison and expelled the Young Turks from Constantinople. At this time, Enver was visiting Berlin, and when he heard the news, he immediately rushed back to the country to join the "Action Army" organized in Macedonia. With the help of Germany, he led his army to the capital to suppress the rebellion. Eventually, the Sultan was deposed and a new Sultan was established. Young Turks, who began to take power directly.

But it's easy to get caught up in big plans, big ideals, and lose sight of the details. After he came to power, Italy went to war against the Ottoman Empire for the seizure of Tripoli, a North African possession of the Ottoman Turkish Empire. Enver volunteered to go to the front line in Libya to command the war in North Africa, but only brought 7,000 men with outdated equipment to the battlefield, and suffered one defeat after another, and had to cede Tripoli. The prestige of the Young Turks was shaken. The pro-British Liberal Pasha (Pasha, Turkish for pa?a) were high-ranking officials in the Ottoman administration, usually governors, generals, and high-ranking officials. Pasha is an honorific, the equivalent of the British "Lord"), taking the opportunity to overthrow the regime of the Young Turks. However, Turkey soon lost most of its territory in Europe.

Enver secretly sneaked back to the capital, planned a coup d'état again, and led thirty or forty men to storm the chamber where the ministers were meeting.

The military minister, Nazim Pasha, loudly questioned Enver: "Do you want to rebel?" ”。

Enver answered his question with a bloody bullet. He killed the military minister Nazim Pasha on the spot, and Camille Pasha looked at Nazim Pasha lying in a pool of blood and the white smoke coming out of the muzzle, Camille Pasha felt the breath of death and agreed to resign.

Colonel Enver restored the Young Turks to power, and in the hands of the German General Otto Brown. Liman. Feng. With the help of Sanders, he regained the old capital of Adrianople and earned a reputation as a national hero. He took over as Minister of Military Affairs, and also Chief of the General Staff, and was promoted from colonel to Pasha.

In 1909, Enver personally served as Prime Minister, and the chairman of the Young Turks, Minister of the Interior, Talat Pasha, and the Minister of the Navy, Constantinople Police Inspector Jemal Pasha, formed a military dictatorship, and all the armies were no longer part of the Turkish state, but were under the command of the Young Turks, and in fact were mainly controlled by Enver.

The Turkish Revolution, under the banner of constitutionalism and democracy, began with a vigorous start, with countless young people shedding their blood, and finally ended with the establishment of a three-member military dictatorship in Enver. Enver also married Nasiye, the daughter of Sultan Muhammad VI. I was afraid and lived in the prime minister's villa.

Even more terrifying, Enver advocated the creation of a unified Turkic national empire headed by the Ottoman royal family. But his fanatical pursuit of Pan-Turkist ideas aroused the displeasure of the Sultan, who privately cursed him as a "clown who can only think with a hat".

After Turkey's entry into the Central Powers, Enver was ambitious, and with the help of the German officer, he drew up a huge and unrealistic two-front battle plan to oppose Britain in the Suez Canal Zone in order to seize Egypt, Libya, Tunisia, and Algeria; Deal with Russia in the Caucasus in order to seize the Caucasus, the Crimea, the Volga basin and Central Asia.

In order to seize the areas inhabited by the Russian Turkic peoples, Enver personally supervised the Turkish army to launch an attack on the Russian army on the Caucasian front in the absence of food and cold equipment, resulting in a great defeat of the Turkish army with a loss of 80,000 people. In order to cover up his incompetence, he accused the country of being a traitor. These traitors were the Armenians, who, with the help of foreign powers, were ready to open the Dardanelles and sacrifice Constantinople. The nightmare of the Armenians in Turkey, and thus began.

In Constantinople, the Turkish Ministry of Internal Affairs arrested more than 200 Armenian intellectuals and community leaders in Constantinople overnight, most of whom were killed.

Turkey's parliament also passed a law expelling all Armenians, forcibly relocating them to Mesopotamia, and confiscating Armenian property for the government.

Ahmed, a representative of the Ottoman Parliament. Riza opposed the law, saying in Parliament: "It is illegal to classify the assets of Armenians as abandoned objects, because Armenian owners do not voluntarily give up their property; They were forced, forcibly removed from their homes and exiled. The government tried to sell their goods, and if we were a constitutional government that operated according to the Constitution, we could not do that, neither the Ottoman conscience nor the law allowed that. ”

But these things still happened, because with a constitution, there is not necessarily a constitution. Armenians in Turkey were forced to move to the desert. The most incredible thing is that the Turkish government did not provide any food or supplies to the Armenians during the expulsion process, even after arriving at their destination. The corpses of the displaced were strewn all over the roads and the Euphrates, and those who survived were doomed, a plan to exterminate all Armenians. The Ottoman army, which was responsible for escorting the Armenians, not only connived at the robbery, killing, and rape of the Armenians, but also participated in them. The Armenians, who were both robbed of their belongings and driven into the desert, died in the hundreds of thousands.

The mortality rate from starvation and disease was very high, and many were killed by Kurdish guards. Those Armenians who had come from cold places were left behind in the scorching sun of the desert, without water or food. Temporary relief is available only to a small number of people who can afford to pay officials.

Like the armies of all ** regimes, the Young Turks were adept at dealing with unarmed civilians by sending party troops to sweep town after town, gathering male Armenians over the age of 12 to shoot or burn them. At least 25 major concentration camps existed, and many were burned en masse.

In Constantinople, thousands of condemned prisoners were released to form death squads tasked with killing Armenians and plundering their belongings. Turkish officials take the best finances, and the death panels and mobs divide the rest.

Song Xiaofei received the report and asked Rong Rong: "What is the total number of Armenian deaths?" ”

Rong Rong's face was heavy and she replied: "Until now, there are American newspapers that report about 500,000, and the massacre continues!" ”

Song Xiaofei asked, "What is the reaction of the outside world?" ”

Rong Rong said: "Former US President Roosevelt Sr. and others have issued statements of condemnation. ”

Song Xiaofei said: "You should also go and prepare a statement, the Chinese government and the Chinese people express the strongest condemnation of such crimes against humanity!" By the way, how is the war in Constantinople now? ”

Rong Rong said: "After the British Royal Navy blockaded the German High Seas Fleet in German ports, the Turks knew that German aid would not come. Constantinople was in a panic, and the sultans and Turkish bureaucrats began to urge their families to pack up their belongings and prepare to abandon the capital and flee. ”

Song Xiaofei sighed and said, "It seems that some people fantasize that a weak country will be democratic as soon as it is revolutionary, which is a very naïve idea." Some people fantasize that once democracy is realized, the country will become rich and strong, which is also a naïve idea. Turkey is a good example of this, power is an overly sharp knife, and most people are greedy for power. A regime won by violence could easily become the next perpetrator. After the revolution, it was the Holocaust! (To be continued......)