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Chapter 477 Ocean Black Dong

The Chinese Empire used unrestricted submarine warfare for the first time in the Sino-British War, and Britain was forced to sue for peace. Pen %Fun%Pavilion www.biquge.info~~ Submarines and submarine tactics became the strategy that affected the outcome of the war for the first time, and it was brought to the extreme by the German Navy in the world war.

After the war, the attitude of the countries of the world towards submarines was like a plague, and the five-nation convention severely limited the number of submarines in the navies of various countries.

The Chinese Empire, Britain, Germany, France and Italy clearly stipulated in the convention that the number of submarines in each country should not exceed 50, and the ratio was 5:5:5:4:3.5 respectively, and the ratio of submarines in China, Britain and Germany was the same. In fact, among the number of submarines in various countries after the war, Germany had the most submarines, as high as 422, while Britain only had 57, but it forced the German Navy to dismantle 372 submarines, while the British Navy only dismantled 7. The submarines of the French and Italian navies were already insufficient for the required number, so they did not need to be dismantled.

For the Chinese Empire, the post-war Chinese Imperial Navy had 133 submarines, but most of them were promoted submarines. Since the US Navy had already obtained data on the promotion of submarines from captured German submarines, the promotion of submarines of the Imperial Chinese Navy was no longer a secret to the countries, so there was no need to stay.

The Chinese Empire retained only 48 Tang-class submarines, two places away from the prescribed cap of 50 submarines.

Although the Tang-class submarines of the Imperial Chinese Navy were far ahead of the most advanced submarines of Europe and the United States by more than eight years, the Admiralty still decided to develop modern submarines that were more advanced than the Tang-class submarines, so as to be far ahead of European and American countries in this regard as much as possible, so as to ensure that the hegemony of the Imperial Navy under the sea surface would not be shaken.

To this end, the General Administration of Ships of the Imperial Chinese Navy decided to build two Song-class submarines on the basis of the Tang-class submarines as the trump card weapons of the submarine fleet of the Imperial Navy.

By the nineteenth year of Guanghua, the Tang-class submarines of the Imperial Chinese Navy had been in service for seven years. In the past seven years, the combat effectiveness and Xing energy indicators shown by the Tang-class submarines have been recognized by the officers and men of the submarine fleet of the Imperial Navy, and the results of the tracking test of the Tang-class submarines conducted by the General Administration of Ships show that the Tang-class submarines with a displacement of up to 2,000 tons have the advantages of deep diving, long endurance, large bomb load, and fierce firepower, and the anti-submarine weapons of the navies of Europe and the United States cannot attack the Tang-class submarines located at a depth of 150 meters.

It can be said that this feature alone of the Don-class submarine makes it invincible. In the Sino-American war, the US Navy's anti-submarine cruisers and destroyers were not only unable to attack the Tang-class submarines, but were sunk by the Tang-class submarines many times, which caused the US Navy a great headache, but there was no countermeasure against her.

According to the definition of the submarine listed by Wang Chenhao, the Tang-class submarine has already stepped into the threshold of the world's second-generation submarine, and after seven years of actual testing and actual combat testing, the submarine experts of the General Administration of Ships of the Imperial Chinese Navy have successively developed a series of advanced submarine equipment, and now it is just time to bring these new technologies to the Song-class submarine for testing.

Since the submarine fleet of the Imperial Chinese Navy still has two submarines to build places, the Admiralty requires that all the advanced submarines in service with European and American countries in the next ten years be pressed with absolute quality, so the Song-class submarine has been given a sufficient construction budget, and on the basis of the Tang-class submarine, the tonnage has been greatly increased, with a surface floating displacement of 2,620 tons and an underwater submarine displacement of 3,470 tons. The size has changed from the Tang-class submarines, which are more than 100 meters long, while the Song-class submarines have shrunk in length to a much wider increase in width, reaching a record-breaking surface displacement of 7.6 meters. This depth of displacement made it possible to moor no more than 50 naval bases for Song-class submarines, while more than 150 for other submarines. This also doomed the Song-class submarines to be unsuitable for activities in shallow waters, and could only be used as a strategic deterrent weapon of the Imperial Chinese Navy in the depths of the ocean.

Starting with the Tang-class submarines, thanks to the progress of hydrodynamics in the Chinese Empire, the conventional design of submarines was broken, and the teardrop-shaped submarine design was used for the first time. The teardrop shape has been proven by physics professors at Imperial University to be the shape with the least underwater resistance, and it is best used for submarines.

The Tang-class submarine achieved very good results after adopting a drop-shaped small waist layout, so the Song-class submarine also retained the teardrop-shaped design. The tail of the submarine is very small, like the tail waist of a fish, which can greatly reduce the underwater drag and reduce the wake range.

After seven years of development, the Chinese Imperial Industry has made great progress in the power system, the Diesel 19 type 8-cylinder 8-stroke anti-torque silent diesel engine was installed on the Song-class submarine, the power of this diesel engine has increased by 40% compared with the 6-cylinder 4-stroke engine of the Tang-class submarine, the fuel consumption has been reduced by 20%, and the biggest improvement is that the noise has been reduced by 90%, placed on the soundproof foam pad, the noise has been reduced to 230 decibels, and the submarine personnel in the engine room can no longer work without headphones. This was unimaginable before, and all submarines, including the Tang-class submarines, had their engine rooms just like earthquakes and discotheques, and the noise not only made the staff dizzy, but could also be heard from far away cabins, and 80 percent of the submarine officers and men serving in service would have tinnitus of varying degrees, affecting the state of the officers and men.

Now that the noise of the new diesel engine system has been controlled, the Song-class submarine has become the quietest submarine ever built, greatly improving the comfort of the crew.

The Song-class submarine is equipped with two diesel-electric turbine systems, a propulsion diesel-electric system for combat speed, and an economical power-saving diesel-electric system for peacetime cruising. The surface floating speed reached 21 knots, which was unchanged from the Tang-class submarines. However, the Song-class submarines are designed to reach an astonishing underwater speed of 25 knots.

If the underwater speed of the Tang-class submarine exceeded the surface speed of only 0.3 knots and already surprised the naval community, then the underwater speed of the Song-class submarine exceeded the surface speed by 4 knots, which can be described as shocking.

Including most of the officers of the Imperial Chinese Navy, the officers of the submarine circles all over the world did not think that the underwater speed of submarines could exceed the surface speed of the submarine, because their thinking was very limited, and the submarines of European and American countries were still equipped with artillery and machine guns for surface warfare at this time, and their diesel-electric systems were backward, so it was impossible for them to exceed the surface speed of the underwater speed. However, the development of submarines in the Chinese Empire has always been under the guidance of Emperor Wang Chenhao, starting from the Tang-class submarines, there are no longer surface combat weapons such as artillery and machine guns, submarines are submarines, and the surface is her battlefield, plus the anti-submarine destroyers of various countries are developing very fast, so it is really a rib for submarines to fight on the surface.

Of course, the Song-class submarines were able to achieve a speed of more than 25 knots underwater, thanks to advances in propeller production technology. The Imperial Chinese Navy tried to use a single-shaft seven-blade high-angled propeller propeller for the first time on the Tang-class submarine, which not only made up for the speed reduction caused by the cancellation of dual-shaft propulsion, but also increased the speed.

This kind of propeller has been played on the Don-class submarine, after seven years of exploration, the Imperial Navy on this basis for the first time to use the most advanced coaxial counter-rotation propeller method, this propeller has an effective energy-saving method, the torque generated by the two opposite rotating propellers can be relatively neutralized, so that the submarine transmission power does not use offset to offset the offset torque generated by the power. In addition, the vortex energy generated by a single propeller can be effectively utilized in the counter-propeller. At the same time, the double propeller propulsion can produce a large disc thrust ratio, reduce the propeller diameter, and improve the propulsion efficiency.

The Song-class submarine exceeds the speed of the Tang-class submarine by 5 knots, of which 2.5 knots is provided by this counter-rotating propeller, and also contributes 25% of the power consumption in terms of energy saving.

In terms of armament, the Song-class submarine has not improved much, and the six bow torpedo tubes of the Tang-class submarine have been retained, which are installed in the upper, middle and lower positions of the bow of the droplet boat, and are in a regular hexagonal layout, which is also one of the main symbols of the submarines of the Imperial Chinese Navy in the future.

The 21-inch red-headed torpedo has become the standard torpedo weapon of the Imperial Chinese Navy, and after years of actual combat development, the Chinese Empire has made rapid progress in torpedoes. The Song-class submarine is equipped with the Guanghua 18-year-old torpedo newly developed by Beiyang Ordnance Heavy Industry, with an attack speed of 51 knots, an effective range of 1,200 meters, and an explosion yield that can penetrate 500 millimeters of Chinese special steel.

The increase in tonnage allows Song-class submarines to carry more torpedoes and fuel, including 26 21-inch red-headed torpedoes and 500 tons of diesel.

Another benefit of the increased displacement is that stronger armor protection can be installed, allowing the shell of the Song-class submarine to withstand the pressure of seawater at depths of 250 meters. At this depth, no country's warships are currently able to carry out anti-submarine operations, including the anti-submarine hunting ships of the Imperial Chinese Navy, which makes the Song-class submarines have strong survivability and are at the top of the sea food chain.

The comfort of the 3,000-ton Song-class submarine was greatly increased compared with that of the Tang-class submarine, and each of the 62 officers and men had a loose sleeper to rest. Of course, the main purpose of creating a comfortable space is to increase the amount of air stored and ensure that the submarine can stay underwater for a longer period of time. At the same time, the Song-class submarine continued to use the oxygen reserve room of the Tang-class submarine, and placed 30 hydraulic oxygen for the crew to breathe in an emergency.

In terms of electronic equipment, the sonar system of the Song-class submarine has been upgraded to the S9 type, which is divided into two types: active and passive. The S9A1 active sonar is installed under the bow of the boat to detect the target's bearing, speed, distance, etc., and the maximum detection range has exceeded 20 kilometers, but the power consumption problem of the active sonar array has not been solved, and the power consumption is too much so that the submarine commander is required to use it carefully, because the biggest disadvantage of the battery is that its own power reserve will be exponentially depleted when the power consumption is huge.

Since the sonar system is no longer a secret, the anti-submarine destroyers of the navies of various countries are equipped with sonar detection systems, so the Imperial Chinese Navy believes that in the future deep-sea operations, submarines need to accurately detect the enemy's sonar detection, so the passive sonar array installed from the Tang-class submarine has been greatly upgraded by the Song-class submarine. Passive sonar arrays are also located on the back and sides of the submarine, listening for sonar detection signals from the surface and in the water, and can in turn determine the position of the other party.

After the emergence of sonar systems in other countries in the world, Wang Chenhao put forward new requirements for the Song-class submarines of the Chinese Imperial Navy, that is, noise reduction, reducing the sonar anti-SHE surface or folding SHE sonar BO, requiring the Song-class submarines to have extremely strong mute and stealth capabilities.

To this end, Holland, Lake and others have worked hard to reduce the noise of the diesel-electric unit in the turbine room, and then to deal with the propeller wake to reduce the noise as much as possible. In other test results, it seems that there is no way to avoid direct scanning of the sonar system.

However, Wang Chenhao soon gave a solution. Wang Chenhao pointed out that the submarine shell should be installed with sound-absorbing tiles to shield the noise emitted by the submarine and reduce the noise. At the same time, a thick layer of nickel-cadmium paint was applied to the outermost layer of the submarine, which was used to fold the sonar bo.

Of course, Wang Chenhao's guidance is limited to this, more advanced sound-absorbing tiles and folded coatings are not the current technology can be developed, such as more advanced polymer compounds, which require ultra-high technology, not can be developed now.

Although there are no more advanced silencing tiles and folded coatings, submarine experts installed more than 1,000 pieces of Meng leather and foam composite silencing tiles on the shell of the Song-class submarine according to Wang Chenhao's instructions, and coated the outermost layer with thick nickel-cadmium paint, after testing, it was found that after this noise reduction, the noise of the Song-class submarine has been reduced to 120 decibels, while the noise of the sea is about 90 decibels, and even the best submarine sonar soldiers of the Chinese Empire are difficult to detect the true position of the Song-class submarine.

The design and test results of the Song-class submarines were finalized in March 1919, and the construction of two Song-class submarines, the Carp (-SS-141) and the Chong (-SS-142), began secretly in June at the Royal Dockyards. Because the Tang class submarines of the Chinese Imperial Navy are enough to dominate the world, they will not be obsolete within ten years, so the construction cycle of the two Song-class submarines is also the longest, and the General Administration of Naval Ships does not require fast, but seeks high quality, so it is planned to be completed within 4 years, and experts follow up at any time, constantly improve the design and upgrade the equipment, in order to make the Song-class submarine a trump card killer of the Chinese Imperial Navy.

Because the Song-class submarine has a strong stealth ability, until the end of World War II, and played a very strong attack capability in World War II, the submarines of European and American countries can not effectively detect her, so it is called "Ocean Black Dong" by military experts around the world, and has made great contributions to the final establishment of the absolute hegemony of the Chinese Imperial Navy.

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