1. Founding (1904-1916)

1. The establishment of Jiangxi Railway Company (1905)

At the beginning of the 20th century, in the movement to reclaim the right of way, the country set off an upsurge of commercial railways, and railway companies were set up in various provinces. Jiangxi also set up a provincial railway company during this period. In October 1904 (September of the 30th year of Guangxu), 111 people including Li Shengduo, a Beijing official in Jiangxi, jointly wrote to the imperial court, asking for permission to set up the Jiangxi Railway Company in Nanchang, the provincial capital, and convening commercial shares to establish the provincial railway, so as to "self-protect the right and prevent the covetousness of the great powers". Li Youdi, the former political envoy of Jiangning, was elected as the general office of the Jiangxi Railway Company. In 1905 (the 31st year of Guangxu), the General Administration was set up in Nanchang, the provincial capital, and was named "Jiangxi Provincial Railway Corporation".

2. The completion of the Nanxun Railway (1916)

In January 1907 (December of the 32nd year of Guangxu of the Qing Dynasty), the groundbreaking ceremony was held in Longkaihe. On June 6, 1916, the wooden bridge under the mountain was completed, and it was officially opened to traffic from Jiujiang to Niuhang. The Nanxun Railway has a total of 128.35 kilometers of main line, with a total extension of 145.73 kilometers. There are 10 stations in Jiujiang, Shahe, Huanglaomen, Mahuiling, De'an, Yongxiu, Tujiabu, Xinqizhou, Lehua and Nanchang. Niuhang (Nanchang Station) is separated from the Ganjiang River by Nanchang City, and a transition station is set up outside the Jiangmen of Yuanzhang Province to transport passengers across the river.

II. Anti-Japanese War (1937-1945)

1. Dismantle the track and break the road

At the beginning of June 1938, the Japanese invading army invaded against the Yangtze River, and the Battle of Wuchang began. Nanxun Road was ordered to be dismantled, and since June 12, all passenger and cargo transportation has been stopped.

From July to October 1938, the Chinese army and the Japanese army fought along the Nanxun Railway, known as the Battle of Nanxun. In order to cooperate with our army's operations in the war, during the period of dismantling the track from June to August, the workers of the Nanxun Railway were ordered to dismantle and repair for military needs.

2. Battle of Nanxun

The Battle of Nanxun refers to the engagement of the main forces of China and Japan along the Nanchang-Jiujiang Railway, also known as the Battle of Northern Jiangxi. On October 7, 1938, the First Corps of the Chinese Army, under the command of Xue Yue, launched a general attack on Wanjialing, north of De'an, and conquered Changling and Zhanggushan. On October 9, the Chinese army surrounded and annihilated more than 10,000 members of the Japanese 106th Division, and won a great victory on October 10. On October 11, Xue Yue's corps recaptured Mahuiling.

3. Fall of Nanxun Line (1939~1945)

On March 28, 1939, Nanchang was captured, and so far the whole line of Nanxun has fallen. From April to October 1939, the Japanese army rushed to repair the Nanxun line, and the train first crossed the barge at the bottom of the mountain to resume operation, and then repaired the bridge. On July 15, 1940, the Yamashita Bridge was rushed. The Japanese army will Pyonghan Railway? The four-hole steel girder transported from the river bridge is erected on the four small holes of the mountain crossing bridge. After repairing the Nanxun line, the enemies of Jiujiang and Nanchang formed horns with each other and defended Wuhan.

From the end of 1938 to January 1940, the Chinese army attacked the Japanese army 79 times on the Nanxun Road. In the autumn of 1942, it attacked Yongxiu Station and blew up 4 Japanese military vehicles. In June 1944, the Japanese army dismantled the rail sleepers of the superstructure of the Nanxun Railway and transported them to the Pinghan Railway for use in order to open up the Pinghan and Yuehan roads, and the Nanxun roadbed was flattened and the cars were used for highways.

3. Restoration of Nanxun after the victory of the Anti-Japanese War (1945~1948)

1. Japan surrendered and recovered and took over the railway

Japan announced its surrender in August 1945. In September, the Zhejiang-Jiangxi Railway Bureau sent personnel to take over the enemy's puppet occupation of Zhejiang-Jiangxi and Nanxun lines. and began post-war restoration. On May 1, 1946, the Zhejiang-Jiangxi Railway Bureau was officially restored, and the Road Bureau established Nanxun, Raoxiang, Nanping, Pingzhu and other engineering offices to be responsible for the repair and improvement of each section.

2. Nanxun Railway was repaired and opened to traffic (1947)

After the victory of the Anti-Japanese War in September 1945, the Ministry of Communications officially assigned Nanxun Road to the Zhejiang-Jiangxi Railway Bureau, known as the Nanxun section of the Zhejiang-Jiangxi Railway.

After 13 months of emergency repair, on June 15, 1947, the Nanxun line was repaired and opened to traffic, and the opening ceremony was held in Niuhang, which was unprecedented, and tens of thousands of Nanchang citizens participated.

Fourth, the restoration and development of transportation in the early days of the founding of the People's Republic of China

1. On the eve of the founding of the People's Republic of China, the war destroyed railway transportation and interrupted it

On April 21, 1949, the People's Liberation Army crossed the Yangtze River to the south, in May ~ July, when the Kuomintang army was defeated, it destroyed the Zhejiang-Jiangxi and Nanxun railways that had been opened to traffic for more than a year, from north to south, from east to west, from Jiujiang Saicheng Lake to Pingxiang, and blew up nearly 33 railway bridges. On May 17, the 54th Division of the 18th Army of the People's Liberation Army liberated Jiujiang. On the same day, the 259th Regiment of the 86th Division of the Kuomintang Army stationed in De'an blew up the De'an Railway Bridge on the Nanxun Line. Subsequently, the Tujiabu Bridge was also blown up.

2. Support the army to go south and rush to repair it

On May 22, 1949, Nanchang was liberated, and the People's Liberation Army exercised military control over the Nanxun and Zhejiang-Jiangxi railways. In order to support the liberation of the southwest and the restoration of communications, under the leadership of the Communist Party of China, the railway workers put forward the slogan of "where the People's Liberation Army hits, we will repair there", threw themselves into the arduous struggle for emergency repairs, and after more than half a year of emergency repairs, the bridges on the Nanxun and Zhejiang-Jiangxi lines were blown up and repaired one after another.

3. Nanxun Line was repaired and opened to traffic (August 23, 1949)

On May 16, 1949, when Jiujiang was released, the Kuomintang army broke and fled, evacuated all the intact locomotives and rolling stock in Jiujiang, and destroyed four bridges of Nanxun Railway, including Saihu, De'an, Yangliujin and Shanxiadu. The steel beam was blown up and collapsed into the river, and the transportation was paralyzed.

On May 16, 1949, in the process of rushing to transport, a large number of PLA troops and a large number of military materials went south. The Nanxun line adopts transportation measures in the northern, central and southern sections. The workers of the locomotive depot temporarily spent more than a week repairing a scrapped locomotive and more than a dozen vehicles, and transported them by barge from Jiujiang to the south bank of Saihu Bridge to form a group of military columns and run to the north bank of De'an Bridge. The middle section is from Tujiabu Station to De'an Station, using a reserved train that was intercepted in Tujiabu when the Kuomintang troops withdrew. The south bank of the Tujiabu Mountain Ferry Bridge to Nanchang is the southern section, and all the rolling stock of the Nanxun line is concentrated here. Therefore, the People's Liberation Army and materials were transported by car from the end of the Saihu Bridge, and arrived in Nanchang after two transitions and transfers on the way.

4. Flood fighting and rescue

At the beginning of the founding of the People's Republic of China, floods often caused the Nanxun line to be broken and traffic interrupted, almost every year. In July 1949, the Yangtze River flooded, and the 6-kilometer line of Jiujiang-Shahe flooded the rails, and the roadbed was broken by 300 meters. In 1954, Jiangxi flooded, on June 17, Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Nanxun two lines were interrupted by floods on the same day. Nanxun line Yongxiu - Tujiabu Xiushui River burst embankment, broke the roadbed 14 places, 9 kilometers of line flooded, in July, Jiujiang - Shahe and De'an Bridge near the line was flooded, interrupted traffic for three months. In June of the following year, the embankment between Yongxiu and Tujiabu of the Nanxun Line burst, 4 roadbeds and 2 small bridges were washed away, and 14 kilometers of steel rails were overturned, and the workers' families repaired for 18 days and resumed opening to traffic.

5. Nanchang Ganjiang Bridge was completed (1963)

The two lines of Nanxun and Zhejiang-Jiangxi were opened to traffic in June 1916 and September 1937 respectively, but the two lines could not be connected due to the separation of the Ganjiang River. Because of the Yangtze River in the north and the Ganjiang River in the south, the Nanxun line has always been a separate line and has not been connected with the national railway. Nanchang people take the train to Jiujiang and have to cross the Ganjiang River to Changbei Niuhang to get on the train, which is extremely inconvenient.

Nanchang Ganjiang Bridge was delivered and officially put into operation on January 10, 1963. So far, the Nanxun line and the Zhejiang-Jiangxi line are connected at Nanchang Station, the passenger and freight transport is connected with the national railway, after the bridge is repaired, the situation that the Nanxun line can not be connected with other railways in the country for a long time has been changed, and the road has been operating independently for nearly half a century. Greatly improve the traffic on the north and south banks of Nanchang City. The bridge is reserved for the double line, which created favorable conditions for the construction of the Nanxun double line and the Beijing-Kowloon railway in the 90s.

6. Jiujiang Yangtze River Bridge was completed (1995)

At 8:40 a.m. on May 18, 1992, the bridge was successfully closed.

The highway was opened in early 1993. So far, the construction of the project has lasted for 20 years. In August 1994, the double-track ordinary track was paved, the speed limit was passed through the engineering train, and the seamless line was paved, and it was officially opened for operation on June 1, 1995. It plays a key role in the north-south connection of the Beijing-Kowloon Railway.

The Jiujiang Yangtze River Bridge Railway Bridge has a total length of 7,675 meters, which is the longest bridge on the Yangtze River; With a span of 216 meters, it is the largest railway and highway bridge in China.

7. Construction of Beijing-Kowloon Railway (1993~1996)

On February 20, 1993, the State Council Beijing-Kowloon Railway Construction Leading Group headed by Vice Premier Zou Jiahua was established. The CPC Central Committee and the State Council reviewed the situation and made a timely decision on May 9, 1993 to speed up the construction of the Beijing-Kowloon Railway to ensure the realization of the overall goal of "paving the railway in three years, supporting it in one year, and diverting the flow while supporting it".

The Beijing-Kowloon Railway is the largest trunk line in the history of China's railway construction, with the largest investment, one-time construction and the longest line. On September 1, 1996, the Beijing-Kowloon Railway was put into operation.

The Changjiu Intercity Railway, which connects Nanchang and Jiujiang, was officially put into operation on September 20, 2010. The design speed is 250 kilometers per hour.

On December 10~13, 2003, the fifth railway speed was increased, and the maximum speed of the train from Nanchang to Beijing reached 167.4 km/h.

So far, the Nanxun Railway has completed a century-old leap.

(The above information comes from the Internet)