Chapter 284: The Chinese Empire, Separation of Powers

readx; Any attempted counter-offensive would be met with a fierce call from artillery, and the new 01st Division would be put in reserve to block it. Pen? Interesting? Pavilion wWw. biquge。 info

Facts have proved that this kind of blockade is not necessary at all, and the battalions on the front line are completely able to withstand the counterattack of the Beijing battalion under superior firepower.

A tug-of-war between offense and counterattack was raging on the first line of defense.

Sun Chuanting has been trying to play a defensive counterattack to win, but the backwardness of the weapon makes this defensive counterattack ineffective.

The battalions worked together more and more in this corridor, and as soon as the battalion tried to break through from a certain point, machine guns would be set up on both sides to fire wildly.

Coupled with the frontal machine gun blocking, even if there are many people, it is useless. With the equipment of the Beijing battalion, if you want to form combat effectiveness, you must adopt a dense formation, and this is the easiest way to be quickly slaughtered by machine guns.

Under the blow of artillery and machine guns, basically those who could rush up lost their threat, after all, the equipment was too poor, and the equipment was all eliminated by the Shandong Army in the early years.

Sun Chuanting commanded in the back, but he was about to vomit blood, and scolded Zhao Yan for being vicious. Zhao Yan's trap was indeed too insidious, confined 300,000 people to one corridor, and then used advanced equipment to kill the Beijing camp.

However, the Jingying could not hold it and soon retreated to the third line of defense.

The third line of defense was a solid line of defense, with a large number of pillboxes poured with concrete, and when the Beijing camp retreated, Sun Chuanting was surprised when he counted the losses.

The 250,000 Beijing battalion fought hard to reduce the number of only 130,000, with 120,000 casualties, plus the 50,000 who remained on the defensive line, and the entire Beijing battalion was left with only 180,000 people.

The Jingying turtle retracted into the third line of defense, and the staff discussed for nearly an hour, and also sent people to test the strength of a fort by tentative shelling.

According to the results, the staff believed that a strong attack could indeed take the third line of defense, and the casualties would not be too large, as long as the artillery was slowly pushed forward.

However, it will inevitably take a long time.

In the end, the General Staff decided to adopt the tactics of attacking the heart, the artillery stopped the shelling at noon, and the new 01st Division began to eat, and the General Staff hurriedly found hundreds of people who wrote well and gathered them together to copy propaganda newspapers.

At two o'clock in the afternoon, more than a dozen hot air balloons rose and began to fly in the direction of Jingying.

When these hot air balloons flew over Jingying, stacks of propaganda posters were scattered from above, and because the hot air balloons flew relatively high, they could not hit them at all.

There is nothing wrong with the propaganda newspaper itself, after all, not every soldier knows how to read these days.

But what is terrible is that the Beijing battalion also followed the model of the Shandong Army, and also gave some cultural lessons to the soldiers, although the popularity was not as good as that of the Shandong Army, but many soldiers still knew how to read.

There are two sides to the propaganda newspaper, one is the material offensive and the other is the ideological offensive.

The material offensive is mainly based on silver bounties, and those who automatically exit the battlefield can receive a silver bounty of ten taels. The ideological offensive is to seize the origin of the soldiers in Beijing to win over.

Most of those who will participate in the Beijing camp are the sons of poor people, or the descendants of former military families. They have been living in poverty for a long time, which roughly means that Zhao Yan represents the people, and only he can solve the hardships faced by the people.

This kind of ideological offensive is extremely powerful, but it is not excluded that some ruffians have joined the army only after rushing to the military salaries of the Beijing camp, but there is a material offensive against these ruffians.

Sun Chuanting picked up one and presented it for review, and after reading it, he sighed: "I can't go back to heaven." ”

"My lord, do you want someone to put away all the papers that have fallen from the sky?"

"No need." Sun Chuanting waved his hand and said, "Those who want to leave, don't make it difficult. ”

Sun Chuanting knew that at this time, he could not stop the rout, and his morale was low after the defeat of the Beijing camp, and now he didn't want to fight anymore.

If the battle was to die and be victorious, perhaps most of the soldiers would choose to continue fighting.

However, fighting with the Shandong army has almost no hope of winning, but will lose their lives in vain, and many soldiers feel that it is not worth it.

Moreover, the question of loyalty to the royal family, which they believed in, was also shaken by the offensive of this propaganda newspaper.

For an army to be fearless, it must have something they believe in.

Whether it's to drive the invaders out of their homes or for some other goal, it has to be resonant and recognizable.

When this faith wavered, no one came forward to correct it. As a result, in just one afternoon, 100,000 people left the entire Beijing camp, and many people saw that so many people had left, and there was no hope of victory, so they also walked away.

Looking at the groups of Jingying soldiers who left the battlefield, everyone knew that the Zhu family's royal family was gone.

"Your Majesty, give an edict!" Zhao Yan said in a deep voice with an expressionless face.

…… On September 20, Chongzhen edicted the world that Zen was located in Jianwei General Zhao Yan.

On the same day, Sun Chuanting resigned from the post of governor of the Beijing camp, handed over the Beijing camp to the Shandong political axe, and the 180,000 Beijing battalion was merged into the Shandong Army and transferred to the Yingzhou Military Region for training.

However, after announcing his abdication after handing over his military power, Chongzhen bargained with Zhao Yan.

Chongzhen's original intention was to let Zhao Yan join the Zhu family, but now Zhao Yan does not agree, he is resolutely not to join the Zhu family, it is no problem to marry Princess Changping, it is no problem to let her be the queen, even if Feng Chongzhen is the emperor, it is no problem, but Zhao Yan wants to set up his own door.

The Ming Dynasty had reached the end at this time.

After Jingying was controlled by Zhao Yan, Chongzhen had no room for bargaining, Chongzhen was depressed and half dead, but he was powerless to change.

Into the Zhu family? Naturally, don't even think about it, it's too embarrassing to get into it.

As for the matter of crowning the queen, you can seal two queens! Wanli has not been crowned two queen mothers, why can't he be crowned two queens?

Chongzhen announced his abdication, which shook the entire Ming Dynasty.

Before the war, no one had a surname, and Chongzhen would lose this decisive battle. But the truth is so cruel that the Shandong New 01st Division, which won the war, suffered very little losses, with only more than 80 casualties, while the Beijing battalion suffered 120,000 casualties and 50,000 casualties.

Zhao Yan's martial arts have reached a terrifying level.

On September 25, Zhao Yan returned to Zhaojiabao and issued an edict to the world to establish the 'Chinese Empire', changing the 12th year of Chongzhen to the first year of the empire.

…… At the time of the Ding Revolution, there are many trivial matters.

A series of problems need to be solved by Zhao Yan, first of all, the problem of Dingdu, some people think that Zhaojiabao is not suitable as Yanjing.

At the same time, the system needs to be formulated in detail.

"I don't know what Your Majesty wants about the capital?" Zhang Buyun asked Zhao Yan.

"Choose the traditional activity area of the Han people!" Zhao Yan thought for a while and said, Zhang Buyun looked at the map for a long time, pointed to Nanjing and said: "Nanjing is the most prosperous area in the traditional Han people's activity area, and it is the ancient capital of the Six Dynasties, even the national fortune is not long. ”

"Forget it, let's make the capital in Huang County!" Zhao Yan looked at the map and weighed it for a long time, but decided not to change it, and looked everywhere, it was still the most suitable Huang County on the edge of Zhaojiabao.

Although the terrain of Zhaojiabao is mountainous, it is enough to develop to the Huangxian defense line, which is a plain area, and this is also the area where Zhao Yan has operated for the longest time, and the foundation here is the most stable.

As for the transportation problem, the future railway traffic line will revolve around Zhaojiabao.

The reason why the change is not made is mainly because it is too troublesome to move the capital, and the south of the Yangtze River is an economically developed area, where the population is large and the land is expensive. Therefore, Zhao Yan still set the capital in Huangxian County first.

However, Zhao Yan had another plan to set up a capital, that is, to establish a few more companion capitals in the colony.

Australia is obviously good, you can build a companion capital there, the land is arbitrary, and you can build a magnificent Yanjing at a low cost.

The matter of the capital has been decided, but in terms of the system.

Zhao Yan still prefers a constitutional monarchy, but this constitution is definitely not for himself.

…… Zhao Yan was not in a hurry to ascend the throne, after Chongzhen announced his abdication, Zhao Yan began to take over the administrative power of the entire Ming Dynasty, and the first one to receive it was the cabinet.

The cabinet was reorganized, Zhang Buyun was appointed as the first cabinet assistant, and Chen Zhongsheng was appointed as the governor of the Western Regions, and was sent to the Western Regions by Zhao Yan.

The cabinet was formed very quickly, it only took five or six days, and after receiving all the documents of the original cabinet, it immediately began to take over the administrative power of the Ming provinces.

Many of the civil servants trained last year have already been transferred to grassroots work, and now there are many administrative personnel who can be transferred.

The administrative powers of Hebei, Jianghuai, Zhejiang, Fujian, Jiangxi, Guangdong, Guangxi, Yunnan, and Guizhou are all within the scope of this takeover.

After these nine provinces are included in the administrative scope, the whole world will be unified, and the territory of the Chinese Empire will become very vast.

Officials from all over the country were very cooperative with this alternation, and after the battle between Zhao Yan and Chongzhen in Zhending Mansion, everyone clearly realized that Dingge was irreversible.

Disobedient people will inevitably face a brutal blow, and since some local officials have swept away their local finances before leaving office, this has led to frequent armed police dispatches from various localities to arrest departing officials everywhere.

This time, Zhao Yan was not merciful, and he searched his house when he caught the evidence.

With the cooperation of the armed police in various localities, the dispatched officials can easily grasp the administrative power of various localities, and no matter what kind of wealthy families in the local area, they must bow their heads to the government.

Not for anything else, just because the government has soldiers in hand, and in this sensitive period, anyone who does not cooperate may be swept away by iron-blooded means.

The six divisions of the capital were also accepted at this time, and then they were disbanded.

Official institutions and assets in various regions of Jiangnan were also taken over, such as the Jiangnan Weaving Bureau, and the Jiaofang of the Qinhuai River, which were also taken over by the Shandong political axe.

A large number of Ming court officials lost their official positions and returned to their hometowns, and they were replaced by officials trained by Zhao Yan.

When the magistrate arrived, the first thing to announce was to measure the acres of land, and at the same time declare that yeoman farmers with less than 10 acres were exempt from taxation, and that all the people were exempt from paying taxes in arrears. The case is handed over to the court for trial, and once the court is established, it is inevitable that a large-scale retrial of the case will be conducted in the locality.

At the same time, it is inevitable to collect the displaced people in the city and open porridge sheds to relieve the poor.

After this series of policies, the people everywhere attached themselves to it, and they forgot about the Ming Dynasty in Java and began to warmly celebrate the establishment of the Chinese Empire.

Zhao Yan's enthronement was scheduled for October 18.

In the formulation of the internal system, Zhao Yan adopted the separation of powers, that is, the executive, the judiciary, and the legislature were separated, and they were not governed by each other, and they were balanced with each other. In the military aspect, the military and the government are separated, and the supreme commander of all armies is the emperor, and the military is not allowed to interfere in politics.

For the time being, military power still has to be grasped in hand, and when the time comes, it is natural that military power can be handed over to the cabinet. In terms of the treatment of those founding heroes, Zhao Yan adopted the reward method of distributing land.

Zhao Yan has laid down so much land now that it can't be developed at all, so much land, what is the reward for going out?

The last thing he lacked was land.

On the fifth day of the first month of October, Zhao Yan summoned his subordinates, except for some people who were far away in Nanyang and the Americas who did not have time to come, the others were concentrated in Zhaojiabao.

The rally was very relaxed, and Zhao Yan held a celebration party.

There were many exquisite foods and fruits at the party, and the civil and military officials present brought their families, and Zhao Yan announced the reward at the party.

It is not so much a reward as a spoils conference.

"Zhao Yong, promoted to lieutenant general of the Chinese Empire, made a marquis, and rewarded 100,000 acres of Australian land."

"Wang Wenyue, promoted to lieutenant general of the Chinese Empire, made a marquis, and rewarded 100,000 acres of land in Australia."

"Lin Yi, promoted to lieutenant general of the Chinese Empire, made a marquis, and rewarded 100,000 acres of Australian land."

"Wu Yongliang, promoted to Major General of the Chinese Empire, Viscount, rewarded 80,000 acres of land in Australia......"

…… That night, in addition to what Zhao Yan read out, there was a large list of rewards below, including those soldiers who died in battle, who were all given knighthoods, and more than 500 acres of land were also rewarded.

As many as 50,000 people were on the list, and more than 50 million mu of land was directly distributed. More than 20 million acres of land will be managed by Denglai Agricultural University, and the proceeds will be distributed according to the number of shares, which is the same as the farms in the northeast.

Such a reward is very low in the eyes of many people, after all, there is a lot of land now. However, the high-level of Shandong knows that this is Zhao Yan's consistent style, and Zhao Yan never rewards too many high-level things, but mainly focuses on the middle and low-level objects.

But no one dares to be proud of their achievements, now the family business of the empire is all pulled up by Zhao Yan, no one dares to say that they have contributed more than Zhao Yan, their ability is stronger than Zhao Yan, or they think that they have more credit than this.

They can have today's status because of Zhao Yan's grant, and their ability to make today's feats is also Zhao Yan's establishment of a powerful army, which is the strength of every grassroots soldier combined, not because of the strength of one person. Commanding the Shandong Army in battle, as long as he is not stupider than a pig and can receive the advice of the General Staff, he can achieve victory.

And this time, when Zhao Yan rewarded the generals and administrators, he himself only received 100,000 mu.

With the establishment of the Chinese Empire, Zhao Yan had already spoken to everyone present, and the future emperor had no absolute rights, and personal property and state property must be separated.

At present, the various officially controlled enterprises are being split, and these enterprises are basically established by Zhao Yan and Zhao Quan.

For example, Denglai Textile Factory, Denglai Bank, Denglai Building Materials Company, etc...... But in this split, Zhao Yan only retained 10% of the shares, Zhao Quan retained 5% of the shares, and the rest of the shares belonged to the empire.

This time, Zhao Yan only divided 100,000 mu, which also made everyone have no objections.

In the future, although Zhao Yan was the founding emperor of the Chinese Empire, he did not have absolute power, and although Zhao Yan could participate in the management of the country during the transition of the constitutional system, the cabinet could refute it.

From now on, the cabinet paid the emperor a salary of 5,000 taels per month.

In addition, the kneeling ceremony was abolished, and citizens of the Chinese Empire did not need to kneel to the emperor, and those who were not citizens of the Chinese Empire were still required to kneel three times and bow nine times.

All of Zhao Yan's actions indicate that the empire is transitioning to a constitutional system.

This kind of excess does not mean that Zhao Yan has lost his power, even if his power is restrained, but with his prestige, no one can stop him even if he wants to break the rules.

This involves a question of self-discipline.

This is not an empire for the purpose of domination, but an empire for the benefit of the people. Although more than 50 million acres of land were divided into this 'spoils sharing conference', this is the land of the Australian aborigines.

…… On October 18 of the twelfth year of Chongzhen, Zhao Yan officially ascended the throne in Zhaojiabao, married Princess Changping, and canonized Zhou Yuan and Princess Changping as queens, Zhu Youzhen as the emperor, and Yan Yuyao and Shalena as the imperial concubines.

At this time, Yan Yuyao gave birth to a baby boy, and Zhao Yan named Zhao Yuan, indicating that the future development of the empire was as flat and open as a plain.

When Zhao Yan announced to the world, the Chinese Empire was formally established, and the 12th year of Chongzhen was changed to the first year of the empire. The official can not kneel, and the emperor can not kneel, and all lowly status will be eliminated, and self-cultivated farmers and tenant farmers under 50 acres are exempt from tax. The rent of all land shall not exceed 20 catties of rice per mu.

In this edict, Zhao Yan did not ask the person with the same name to change his name, nor did he grant amnesty to the world, but only asked the local courts to retry the suspect and correct the wrongful cases of the previous dynasty.

After holding a simple enthronement ceremony on the same day, Zhao Yan held a meeting in Zhaojiabao to continue to discuss the separation of powers.

After three days of discussion, Zhao Yan decided to establish the National Assembly, the Cabinet, the Imperial Supreme Court, and the Imperial Supreme Procuratorate, and implement the separation of powers.

The National Assembly is responsible for the legislature, the Cabinet is responsible for the executive, the Imperial Supreme Court is responsible for the judiciary, and the Imperial Supreme Public Prosecutor's Office is responsible for supervising officials.

In addition, 11 departments have been set up: the Ministry of Finance, the Ministry of Civil Affairs, the Ministry of Commerce, the Ministry of Education, the Ministry of Police, the Ministry of Agriculture, the Ministry of Industry, the Ministry of Health, the Ministry of Communications, the Ministry of Scientific Research, and the Ministry of Culture.

These 10 ministries are under the control of the Cabinet.

In addition, there is also the military department of the reading power, the military department is under the control of the emperor, and the military department has a military intelligence bureau, a quartermaster department and other institutions, under the jurisdiction of the army, navy, air force.

The National Assembly consists of 500 members, elected from all over the country, and is responsible for legislation. The Cabinet is elected by the citizens, and the Cabinet Chief Auxiliary is responsible for the administration. The Supreme Imperial Court is responsible for the administration of justice, and Supreme Imperial judges are elected by popular votes of law graduates. The number of prosecutors in the Supreme Prosecutor's Office of the Reich was set at 500, and the Supreme Prosecutor General was elected by the people of the whole country.

Of course, it is an election, but at present, the basic conditions for an election are not in place, first of all, the education is not good. Therefore, the power of the cabinet is not so great, and Zhao Yan is still in charge of the executive power.

In the future, it is a process of gradually improving the separation of powers.

This process must be maintained by force, so Zhao Yan still has a firm grip on military power.

(To be continued)