That night, Song Xiaofei and Yuan Keren finished talking, the time was still early, and the recent public opinion on Lu Xun was very bad, he called Wu Peifu, the captain of the presidential palace guard, and asked him to send eight henchmen to visit Lu Xun at No. 21 in Xisantiao in civilian clothes. @@

After Lu Xun graduated in Beijing, he actually lived a "North Drift" life, and just started working in the Ministry of Education of the Imperial Chinese Government, just a small clerk with a low salary. At first, Lu Xun couldn't afford to buy a house, so he lived in the Shaoxing Hall in the west of the southern half of the alley at Caishikou. The hall has been in disrepair for many years, with old tables and chairs, mosquitoes and messy personnel. The house where Lu Xun lived was the west room of the Wisteria Hall in the Shaoxing Hall, and in order to avoid the noise, he later moved into the Supplement Tree Book House. This hut has been in disrepair for many years, and the bed board is full of bedbugs, which bite Lu Xun can't sleep well every night, so he has no choice but to sleep on the desk. He was very dissatisfied with such a residence, and often wrote in his diary that because of the noisy environment, he "couldn't sleep, and he woke up repeatedly." In such an environment, he lived alone for three years. During this period, he also worked part-time to write articles for major newspapers to earn manuscript fees and subsidize his family.

It wasn't until he became the vice minister of education that Lu Xun moved out of the Shaoxing Hall and bought a new house at No. 11 Badaowan near Xinjiekou, and brought his mother and third brother Zhou Jianren's family to the Shaoxing hometown, and finally reunited here. By 1910, his second brother Zhou Zuoren also returned from studying in Japan, and brought back his Japanese wife, Nobuko Yuta, and lived with them.

Later, Lu Xun and Zhou Zuoren's brothers moved out of Badaowan due to family economic disputes and personal reasons, and Zhou's mother also moved out of Badaowan to live with him, and Lu Xun purchased his second residence in Beijing - No. 21 Xisanjo. It is a typical courtyard house. The three rooms in the south room are reception rooms and library rooms; There is a miscellaneous room in the east and west of the courtyard; There are three rooms in the north house, the middle hall is the restaurant, and a small flat-roofed room is connected to the north. It is Lu Xun's bedroom and study. In the back garden, you can see the two famous trees outside the wall, one is a jujube tree, and the other is also a jujube tree.

Lu Xun was very frightened by Song Xiaofei's sudden visit, and after saluting, he took out a stack of manuscripts. Explained: "President, my article was more than 5,000 words when it was sent to the Declaration. When the results were published, they were edited and changed to more than 2,000 words, causing a storm, which is really ashamed. ”

Song Xiaofei said with a smile: "It's not working time. I'm here to visit. The main thing is to see how you're doing, not to hold you accountable. I heard that you didn't go to work at the Ministry of Education today. ”

Lu Xun said: "I was in a depressed mood today, so I went to Liulichang with a few friends and bought a few ancient books. ”

"Listening to operas, eating small restaurants, and visiting Liuli factories" were the three major hobbies of literati at that time. As a cultural street in Beijing, Liulichang has a history of hundreds of years. It was originally a kiln factory for firing glazed tiles in the Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties, and it was in the Qing Dynasty. It has become a concentration of ancient books and antique shops, and most of the students who enter Beijing for the examination from all over the world live nearby. As a result, all the industries related to the literati and ink writers, such as southern paper, pen and ink, carved plates, and engraved tablets, also flocked to the street, thus making this street a place of cultural convergence and flourishing for a long time. Lu Xun often went to the glaze factory to buy books and tablets.

After visiting the Liuli Factory that day, Lu Xun also went to the Dongshengping Bath on the nearby Yangmeizhu Xiejie Street to take a bath and get a haircut, and walked along the Tieshuxie Street to Dashilan West Street in search of food.

Song Xiaofei glanced at Lu Xun, his hair had also become "short inches", his beard was cleanly shaved, and the whole person looked much more energetic, and said with a smile: "Your courage to point at Qianfu with horizontal eyebrows is very rare." I read your article "Utilitarian Morality" in "Qiangguo Daily" today, and the root cause of Chinese society is not moral decline, but the lack of system, and I agree more. Tomorrow the Baath Central Committee will meet, and I am going to invite you to attend as a special observer. ”

Lu Xun said: "The ideas of this article, such as the relationship between morality and utilitarianism, are not my first creation. Most people always think that morality is not utilitarian. In fact, this is wrong, utilitarianism is precisely the basis for discussing morality. Utilitarian morality, which is based on theology, human nature, and heredity, can logically become a system. The great English philosopher Bentham said in the eighteenth century that morality is in fact the good of all. To put it simply, things in the world are divided into four types: benefiting others and benefiting themselves, harming others and benefiting themselves, harming oneself and benefiting others, and harming others and oneself. Although it is best to benefit oneself and others from a moral point of view, it is also the most unrealistic. I understand this very well. Recently, I had a conflict with my second brother, which made me understand it thoroughly. Moral issues are a problem for every society. However, the so-called social and moral problems are all pseudo problems, and they are mainly problems of self-interest and resource allocation. For example, when I watch the crowding of buses in Beijing, I fight for my life, and often crowd women and children to cry. It's not a moral question at all! It's that there are too few buses! There are many people and few cars, even if there are a thousand reasons to desire morality, but there are still 10,000 reasons not to miss one's own survival plan. So this bus has to be crowded. Although we advocate morality, morality is not a lofty thing. Morality is nothing but a product of self-interest, and at its core, morality stems from the pursuit of self-interest. Because of the pursuit of self-interest, factories and individuals must stress morality and credibility. And if there is no self-interest, then how do we know what morality is? Our brothers still have their own self-interests, not to mention society. ”

Song Xiaofei nodded and said: "That's true, I have said many times at Politburo meetings before that people don't pay attention to hygiene because there are not enough public garbage cans, open defecation is due to insufficient public toilets, and officials are corrupt because the power restraint mechanism is not enough. It's a pity that thousands of years have passed, and Chinese traditional knowledge practitioners are still standing still, and the level of economics has always stayed at the level of blackboard newspapers. ”

Lu Xun said: "Now that young people are on the streets, no one has ever said that everyone should be equal, as the Bolsheviks said. They don't want average, they want fairness! Fairness does not mean that you have to get the same as everyone, but if you pay, you should get about the same as what you have paid. But that's not the case now. Because there is a problem with the allocation of material wealth, such as the same pension, those who pay more money cannot enjoy it, and civil servants who do not pay money eat more and occupy more. Young people are looking for jobs everywhere, but many experts ask old men and old ladies to postpone retirement and continue to occupy the pit. State-owned enterprises enjoy all kinds of tax incentives, and it is strange that oil sellers lose money every year, railways also lose money, and even road toll collectors also lose money. When there is a depression in the allocation of economic resources, people's moral level will naturally decline. The moral level of a society has a lot to do with the quality of its people, and it is also closely related to the fairness of the allocation of economic resources. As soon as you open your eyes, firewood, rice, oil, salt, sauce, vinegar and tea, economy is the natural attribute of human beings. Morality is not the key to determining human behavior, on the contrary, morality itself needs to be explained. Both self-interest and altruistic behavior are nothing but the product of the individual's pursuit of self-interest under the constraints of a particular system. The system, and only the system, determines people's behavior. Looking at the problem in this way, we put the focus on system building, and only then did we grasp the root of the problem. ”

Song Xiaofei said: "Yes, at tomorrow's Central Committee meeting, I will emphasize the replacement of moral propaganda with system building. If the system is good, the bad people will change their evil deeds; A bad system makes good people do bad things. At present, the lack of legal provisions, insufficient supervision, and lax administrative law enforcement will all be resolved in the construction of the rule of law in China. ”

Lu Xun nodded and said: "Moral construction is like traditional Chinese medicine to warm and replenish, and the improvement of the system is the life-saving medicine!" Appealing for morality in a precarious society is like slowly recuperating for a patient whose life is on the verge of dying, can the body withstand the wait? The system is the root of life, and we need the scalpel of the rule of law to remove the cancer of society. But then again, when it comes to the morality of the Chinese, I am afraid that everyone will inevitably shake their heads and sigh that 'the world is declining, and the people's hearts are not ancient'. Many people, including me in the past, have this idea: a few decades ago, China was still a country with simple and simple morality, but after the establishment of industry and commerce, the country gradually transformed into a market economy, and selfish, forgetful of righteousness, and unkind to the rich continued to emerge, challenging the bottom line of morality again and again. This makes the market economy and morality seem incompatible. ”

Song Xiaofei said: "The market economy is not a demon that devours morality. There is some conflict between the morality of the new era and the morality of the tradition. Traditional morality believes that people should restrain their selfish desires, from 'preserving heavenly principles and destroying human desires' to 'not self-interested, but exclusively benefiting others'. This may seem like a valid view, but it can actually backfire. Human nature is difficult to reform, and suppressing human nature is an old path that China has taken for thousands of years. We must recognize the self-interest of people, and the market uses everyone's self-interest to promote the rational allocation of resources, meet people's needs, and guide people to work hard and give full play to their potential. Traditional morality also has a lack of understanding of money, businessmen, and the wealthy. In the new era of market economy, our moral outlook should also keep pace with the times and discard some old morals that are not suited to the times in a timely manner, so that the morality of the Chinese people can have a bright future. Today's young people, the common sense of economics is also very poor, more than passion and lack of rationality, I hope that you, the mentor of young people, will have more rational economic analysis in future articles. ”

Lu Xun said: "Okay, big president." However, at tomorrow's plenary session of the Central Committee, in addition to the market economy under the rule of law, I have another suggestion, and that is to protect the human rights of individuals. In the past, the feudal emperor could get a girl to the palace when he saw her, he had privileges, and girls had no human rights. China has not changed for thousands of years, even until 20 years ago, and most people have no human rights. It was not until the idea of freedom and democracy appeared in the Chinese Empire that the people slowly developed the concept of human rights, and history changed. With the rise of human rights and the freedom of everyone, the market economy has developed rapidly. The biggest change in this society is the change in people's relationships. Everyone's human rights are inviolable, and everyone's actions are activities that benefit others and themselves. ”

Song Xiaofei said: "Individual property rights and human rights are the core and foundation of a society governed by the rule of law. Individual property rights solve the problem of people's survival, and individual human rights make people live with dignity and are indispensable. We'll focus on that. ”

Lu Xun listened to Song Xiaofei's words, was very happy, and said repeatedly: "That's good, that's good." (To be continued......) u