Zelenograd, a satellite city outside Moscow, codenamed HNN-35 Research and Development Institute of Semiconductor Electronics.

Here is the advanced enterprise of semiconductor electronics technology in the USSR, and in later generations, it is also the backbone enterprise of Russian microwave solid-state circuits and devices: the "pulsar" scientific production complex. Pen × fun × Pavilion www. ｂｉｑｕｇｅ。 ｉｎｆｏ

In the Soviet Union, there has always been an argument that the tube dominates the world, but it does not mean that the transistor and integrated circuit industry in the Soviet Union started late. More than 20 years ago, at the beginning of 53, just after the invention of the transistor in the United States, A.N. Berg, then an academician of the USSR Academy of Sciences and an expert in electronic engineering of the USSR Navy, drafted a letter to the ********** of the CPSU, proposing to carry out work on the development of transistors. In May of the same year, at a meeting chaired by the Minister of Communications Industry, M.G. Berusin, it was decided to organize a specialized semiconductor research institute, which led to the creation of the famous semiconductor research institute.

At the same time, the Soviet genius in the field of electronics, a 25-year-old Georgian girl, Suzanne Madoyan, came here and, under the guidance of her mentor Kraslov, succeeded in manufacturing the first transistor in the Soviet Union, and began the beginning of the Soviet transistor industry.

The transistor and integrated circuit industry in the Soviet Union has undergone many twists and turns, due to the conflict of departmental interests, which led to the fact that the electron tube began to dominate the Soviet Union's equipment, and at this time, the West began to use transistors and integrated circuits on a large scale, leaving the Soviet Union far behind in terms of electronic technology.

In later generations, the Soviet Union in the 80s began to catch up with the West in microelectronics technology. It is a pity that the technological generation gap has not been able to catch up with the advanced level of the West.

"We want to be informatized in the military. Digitalization requires powerful electronics. "Walking. "We need to be steadfast in the development of our microelectronics, especially integrated circuits," Andrei said. ”

"General Andrei, you are quite right." Beside Andre, an old man with gray hair and strong spirits responded: "Now, the country has determined the direction and made a breakthrough in microelectronics technology as a key area, and we have given up the continued research and development of tube miniaturization, and that is the end." ”

This person is none other than the leader of the Soviet electronics industry, Alexander Ivanovich Shokin. In 1955, he became the first deputy minister of the electronics industry of the USSR and began a leadership career in the electronics industry for almost 30 years.

Now, accompanied by Marshal Ogarkov and Major General Andrei, they are inspecting the progress of their electronics industry. Shokin is also cautious, now, Marshal Ogarkov is definitely the most prominent person in the army, and it is said that the general secretary is also very optimistic about him.

"Now. We are already working on an attempt to integrate 2,000 transistors on an area of one square centimeter. Entering the conference room, a middle-aged woman in charge began to introduce. She was Susanna. Now he is in charge here.

One square centimeter, only two thousand are integrated! And now. In the West, it is already possible on an area of 0.5 square centimeters. 150,000 integrations now! Andre couldn't help frowning: "Our technical level can reach this level?" ”

The woman showed an apologetic look and said: "Yes, we need a series of industrial production equipment starting from the purification of silicon, we are now studying the equipment while improving the degree of integration, to be able to reach the current level, it is already a great progress, just last year, we obtained some new processing equipment from the GDR, only to improve the development of our integrated circuits." ”

Soviet weapons have always been five big and three coarse, and this kind of equipment, which requires fine manufacturing, has always been in short supply in the Soviet Union, and now the Soviet Union is catching up, but the starting point is still very low.

Processing equipment! Western technology has always been higher than that of the Soviet Union, and in order to restrict the export of high-tech equipment to the Soviet Union, Western countries have also set up a special organization of Batumi (Paris Coordinating Committee) to restrict it. It was only then that there was the Toshiba machine tool incident in later generations.

Pull oneself up by one’s bootstraps? In many cases, the Soviet Union was indeed unable to produce such equipment on its own, and it took a long time to develop it on its own, so it was not as fast as introducing it.

If only we could take the whole island country! The electronic technology of the island country is quite developed, what companies like Toshiba and Sony, electronic technology is leading the trend of the whole world, and even the United States is envious!

It's a pity that we didn't push south in one fell swoop.

Thinking of this, Andrei sighed a little, of course, as the leader of the country, he must consider it from more angles, and he will not go to war just to obtain advanced industry like himself.

"Yes, we originally thought that our technology was advanced, and it was not until we dismantled the military equipment of the Americans that we knew about our gap." Shokin said: "It was also from that time that the top level of our country made a decision to completely shift the focus of our electronics industry to the microelectronics industry. ”

Dismantle the military equipment of the Americans!

The Soviet Union was also the most proficient in getting first-hand military equipment from the Americans, dismantling it, and copying it in reverse. Unfortunately, in the Cold War, it was very difficult to get American equipment.

Hearing this, Andrei knew what it was, it must be the EP-3 that he hit last year! The plane was forced to land on their own base, and then it was dismantled by their own side, and the Yankees did not return it to them no matter how much they wanted it.

When it was just dismantled and studied, it was the experts of the Sukhoi Design Bureau, they were not the most professional, but like here, it was a department specializing in basic electronic technology, which was naturally the most suitable institution for the study of American electronic technology, and they could not only study various peripheral circuits, but also study the internal structure of American chips!

It was this electronic reconnaissance aircraft that made the Soviet top brass aware of the gap, and finally, the development of the old tube technology stopped, and there was no point of development anymore, and began to accelerate the catch-up on chips.

"Then how long will it take for the equipment of the information-based troops we need to be developed?" Marshal Ogarkov asked, this is what he is most concerned about, he does not understand the specific technology, he just puts forward the requirements and then submits them to the lower departments for study.

"It's going to take another three to five years." Suzanne snapped and said, "This is still the most conservative estimate. (To be continued.) )

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