Chapter 9: The Hiroshima Massacre that shocked the world
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The city of Hiroshima, which had lost the support of the Japanese Navy, became the turtle in the urn of the Eight-Nation Alliance. Under the powerful artillery attack of the British, French, and American combined fleets, the plain positions in the south, north, and west of Hiroshima were lost one after another, and the 60,000 elite Japanese First Army under Kawakami Sorokuro, with nearly 10,000 casualties, once again retreated to the hilly areas in the east, and the British, French, Russian, and Chinese armies landed and operated.
The commander-in-chief of the Russian army, General Kuropatkin, was severely reprimanded by Tsar Nicholas II because the Russian army and navy were defeated by the Japanese army, and the tsar's favorite retainer Rozhdestvinsky was killed.
The first thing that the Japanese and Russian armies fought for was the commanding heights of the frontier of the eastern fortress: Dawanmu Mountain, once Dawanmu Mountain was captured, the coalition forces could be condescending and bombard the Japanese army, the Russian army dispatched twenty battalions to launch a strong attack on the fortress, day and night assault, the Japanese army launched round after round of attacks on the Russian army with sixteen battalions, and the Russian army's Gosatt cavalry launched round after round of attacks, the Japanese army held on, and the two sides fought fiercely for four days for this tactical location, the Russian army only captured some forward fortifications, more than 20,000 casualties, and the Japanese army also suffered more than 19,000 casualties, and morale was low, There are many people who hurt themselves.
Seeing that the Russian army could not capture Dawanmu Mountain for a long time, the British army and the French army also invested 2,000 troops each into the battle, Kawakami Caoliu commanded the Japanese army to resist desperately, and the Japanese army's position was destroyed by the heavy artillery of the British and French forces, and also dug up a section of local tyrants into the battle, killing and wounding more than 6,000 people. Wang Shizhen also sent 5,000 Chinese new troops into the battle, and the two sides entered a tug-of-war, and after three days and three nights of fighting, the Japanese army still had 20,000 men left to hold the eastern position.
In the end, Song Xiaofei ordered, and Duan Qirui's tank corps came on the field! Tanks in the wars of the twentieth century. Known as the "King of Land Wars", in 1898, he was the king of kings. Machine guns, ordinary artillery can't help tanks. The creation of tanks in China, carried out in extreme secrecy. The workers involved in the construction of the project mistakenly believed that they were building large tanks for fresh water on warships, and the tanks were first used by China in the 1898 war against Japan, claiming that they were containers for water and food.
Dai Xiaohou led the engineering staff to develop a tank based on Song Xiaofei's ideas, which absorbed the advantages of Western tanks, such as full-track armor with a diamond-shaped outline. Rigid suspension, with protruding gun mounts on the tracks on both sides of the hull, two tracks around the hull from the top, and a pair of steering wheels protruding from the rear of the car. It weighs 18 tons, has armor thickness of 6 mm, houses the main gun, utilizes a car engine, and has a power of 90 kilowatts. The maximum speed is 5 kilometers per hour, and it can cross 1.4 meters of trenches and pass through obstacles 0.5 meters high.
In addition, this "dragon-type" tank has Chinese characteristics, and Dai Xiaohou also absorbed the advantages of the "partial van" designed and manufactured by Qi Jiguang in the Ming Dynasty. There are two types of "male" and "female", the tank crew is 8 people, the "male" tank is equipped with 2 57 mm guns and 4 x 4 7.7 mm "Maxim" machine guns, and the "female" tank is equipped with 1 57 mm gun and 5 machine guns, so that the tank can carry armor-piercing shells, armor-piercing shells, grenades, etc.
Qi Jiguang designed the side box, can be called the Ming Dynasty tank, in terms of function, a bit like the "originator" of modern tanks, there are four wheels of the big wheel, one side is equipped with a very high and thick baffle, when necessary, can be used to block the enemy's bow and arrow shooting, a number of side vans, connected to each other, can form a relatively strong barrier, the general bow and arrow, must be impenetrable. On the wooden baffle, there are shooting holes, and the musketeers, standing behind the shutters, can shoot outside. In order to meet the needs of chariot combat, Qi Jiguang also specially created a "chariot cavalry battalion", with 3,100 officers and soldiers, 256 Fran machine guns, 60 tiger squat guns, 8 heavy large-caliber guns, and each chariot is equipped with 2 Franc machines, 4 bird guns, and 4 rocketeers, with an average of one artillery gun for every 12 soldiers. At that time, there were certain defects in the partial van, among them, the most important defect was that the range of the smoothbore gun was too close, and it could not effectively prevent the enemy's cavalry from destroying the partial van. The high-speed galloping war horse has a strong impact force, and the general wooden side box car cannot withstand such an impact. In addition, the recoil of the van to deal with heavy artillery is also a big problem, after a salvo to retreat several meters, and then it will be scrapped, while modern tanks do not have these defects, thick armor is not to mention war horses, even machine guns and general artillery can not withstand anything.
When Duan Qirui dispatched 30 tanks to attack the Japanese position, 20,000 Japanese troops were stunned, this giant armored car was invulnerable, and it could also fire machine guns to counterattack, and for a while the psychological defense line collapsed and fled one after another, 30,000 Russian soldiers took the opportunity to rush up and start a massacre, and the 20,000 Japanese troops of Kawakami Caoliu were killed and wounded more than 10,000, and they fled one after another, and Kawakami Caoliu committed suicide by seppuku!
After that, about 8,000 Japanese soldiers tried to escape from Hiroshima by boat and went to sea in wooden boats under their control, some of them crossed the sea on rafts by themselves, many drowned, or were shot in the river by the Russian troops who arrived, and most of the Japanese soldiers who failed to cross the river or break through were scattered on the streets of Hiroshima, and many of them gave up their weapons and changed into civilian clothes to hide in civilian areas.
In the battle of Hiroshima, the Russian army suffered more than 40,000 casualties, and the commander-in-chief of the Russian army, General Kuropatkin, was red-eyed and ordered not to let go of a single Japanese soldier.
In addition to killing Hiroshima residents at will, anywhere and on a small scale, the Russian army also carried out several large-scale "mass killings" of disarmed Japanese military and police personnel, using extremely cruel methods such as machine gun shooting and mass burial.
On the second day after the Russian army occupied Hiroshima, more than 1,000 Japanese military and police personnel who had laid down their arms were collectively sent outside the city to fire intensively with machine guns, and many of them were killed on the spot. The wounded but not the dead were also incinerated in the same way as the bodies of the deceased, and more than 2,000 Japanese soldiers who surrendered to the Russian army were also slaughtered by the Russian army. On the third day, more than 5,000 Japanese refugees of both sexes were escorted to the port wharf by the Russian army, all of them were tied up with lead wires, and driven to the Xiaguan Straw Shoes Gorge, where they were intensively strafed with machine guns, and those who were still able to moan and struggle in the pool of blood were slashed with random knives, and all the corpses were then poured with kerosene and incinerated to destroy the corpses.
On the fifth day of the Russian occupation of Hiroshima, there were two Russian ** officers who started a killing contest, and two second lieutenant officers, encouraged by their commanders, agreed with each other to "kill the whole 100 people", who killed 100 people first, and the result was that they were killed from the urban area to the rural areas, regardless of the winner or loser, and the rematch was to rematch who killed 150 Japanese.
Hiroshima City is the seat of Hiroshima Prefecture and has been the largest regional city in Japan since the establishment of the Mori clan in the 16th century. The Russians massacre Hiroshima in Japan lasted for four weeks, with 28 cases of collective massacre, about 60,000 people, 858 cases of scattered massacres, 40,000 people, and the entire city of Hiroshima was almost invisible, and it became an empty city, and during the Russian army's occupation of Hiroshima, thousands of women were raped, and they raped them day and night and in front of the families of the victims. Some Japanese women were raped several times by the Russian army, and often some women could not stand the torture of the Russian army and died. In addition to this, the Russian army also forced Japanese men and women to carry out chaos. There have been more than 20,000 rape cases.
The atrocities of the Russian army in Hiroshima shocked the world, and mainstream newspapers in Britain and the United States criticized the atrocities of the Russian army, saying that the Russian army was "really a thief of mankind and a public enemy of civilization." But Tsar Nicholas II issued an order to praise the actions of the Russian army, saying that "the Japanese army has mixed in with the civilian population, the Hiroshima Massacre does not exist, everything is a normal war casualty!" ”
The brutal massacre of the Russian army, 100,000 people died in Hiroshima, and Emperor Meiji was very shocked, realizing that the war was a cruel disaster for the Japanese nation, and intended to end the war of the military department.
After the Eight-Nation Coalition captured Hiroshima, it cut off Japan's logistical supplies and continued northward, capturing Kobe, Kyoto, Nagoya, and Yokohama, defeating the Japanese Second Army, and by May 1898, forming a siege of Tokyo, the capital of Japan.
At the same time, the Beiyang Fleet and the Russian Pacific Fleet shelled the port of Tokyo, and in view of the brutal massacre of the Russian army in Hiroshima, nearly a million citizens of Tokyo were panicked and fearful of polar bears, and they went to the Imperial Palace to petition.