Compared with the play-and-seek battle of fleets on the vast seas, the situation on the land battlefield of the two belligerents is much more straightforward. Pen "Fun" Pavilion www.biquge.info

In the second half of last year, the premonition that Japan was going to start a war, Prince Jing Yixin continued to play the imperial court, asking for more troops in Korea as a preparation, Emperor Guangxu approved Yixin's request, so Yixin began to transfer troops and horses from all walks of life, and the cadres were able to enter Korea in a steady stream, and by January 9087, the total strength of the cadres in Korea had reached 120,000.

Being able to mobilize so many troops into the DPRK in half a year can be said to have contributed greatly to the railway network in the country.

In addition to Li Shaoquan's Huai Army's 20,000 troops and the 10,000 troops trained in the Eastern Province, most of them are old troops after retraining, such as the Eight Cavalry Divisions, the Youth Brigade Infantry, the Zhenbian Army, the Dingbian Army, the Zhenwu Army, the Weiwu Army, and the Patrol Battalion.

Many foreign military observers believe that although the overall quality of the cadres is somewhat inferior to that of the Japanese army, once the war starts, the cadres may have some setbacks in the early stage of the war, but then they will defeat Japan by virtue of their superiority in strength.

But what happened next surprised everyone.

On the day of the outbreak of the Battle of Toshima, the Japanese 1st Mixed Brigade, under the leadership of Rear Admiral Yoshimasa Oshima, under the cover of the Japanese Navy, went straight to the cadre garrison in Yongsan, a suburb of Seoul, with a total strength of more than 4,000 men and 8 battalion guns. Due to the tyrannical massacre of the rebels, the Japanese army was an out-and-out aggressor in the eyes of the Korean people, and it was simply a reappearance of the "Japanese invaders" in ancient times. Wherever the Japanese army went, the Korean people took refuge one after another, and there was no way to collect military service and supplies, and "[the Korean people] rushed to escape, and there were very few responders", and the marching speed was extremely slow, and Koshi Masatsuna, who was in charge of the logistics of the mixed brigade, even committed suicide in a hurry. And this happened to be in stark contrast to the fact that the Korean people spontaneously led the way to the cadres and reported the news, provided supplies, and helped transport the baggage, and a picture of supporting the heavenly soldiers of the country. It is clear which is right and which is wrong.

However, the performance of the cadres and troops has failed to live up to the expectations of the Korean people.

The cadres stationed in Seoul were the Dingbian Army and the Weiwu Army, with a total strength of 38,000 people, and were commanded by the Metropolitan Commander Fa Shishan. On 7 March, the scout cavalry of the two countries first exchanged fire. Late on the night of the 8th, the forward of the Japanese mixed brigade reached the outskirts of Seoul and prepared to launch an attack. When crossing the river in the early morning of the next day, they were suddenly ambushed by the North Korean troops in the village opposite the ferry, and hundreds of North Korean officers and men took advantage of the darkness to snipe at the Japanese troops through the cracks in the doors and windows of their houses, causing chaos in the Japanese army. In this half-hour contact battle, the Japanese side suffered heavy losses, killing more than 30 people under Captain Naotomi Matsuzaki, the squadron leader, and 59 people under Lieutenant Yama Gongzo who drowned in the swamp. However, the North Korean army in ambush was finally forced to retreat due to the disparity in numbers and lack of support, and the commander Kim Myeong-an was unfortunately shot and killed in the melee. After defeating this Korean army, the Japanese army concentrated its forces at 5 o'clock in the morning of the 9th to launch an attack on the Qianchao defenders in Seoul, first occupied the commanding heights, and repeatedly bombarded them with the camp artillery, and then the infantry followed up the charge, outflanked and encircled the left and right, and successively captured the barriers of the Qianguo army, on the other hand, although the Qianguo army also fought hard, and the strength far exceeded the Japanese army, but the tactics were rigid, the number of artillery equipped was also small, and the archery skills were not good, and under the bombardment of the Japanese army's fierce artillery fire, the casualties were heavy, and they were forced to break through and retreat at about 5:50. The Joseon king, Gyeongseo, then fell into the hands of the enemy.

The cadres were intercepted by the Japanese army when they broke through, and suffered heavy casualties, when the Fashi Shan collected the troops and retreated to Kaesong, the troops were less than 7,000 people, the Fashi was ashamed, swallowed the gun and committed suicide, and the remaining cadres were scattered, running in the direction of Qianguo, at that time, Ye Zhichao, the commander of Zhili, led the troops to garrison Asan, and had a premonition that the Japanese army was about to enter and provoke, in view of the fact that Asan was not in danger to defend, he led 3,800 people from the Zhili Training Army to move to Kaesong. At this time, the defeated army in Seoul was already frightened, and when it came to Kaesong, it did not enter and went around the city, but it was Min Yonghua, the commander of North Korea, who gathered more than 2,000 defeated soldiers of the North Korean army to enter Kaesong, and cooperated with Ye Zhichao to defend.

In the Battle of Seoul, under the tactical literacy of the Qianguo Army, the shortcomings of the officers' lack of common sense in modern warfare were fully exposed; although they possessed advanced repeating rifles, they used stiff and rigid linear tactics and did not know how to move tactics at all. Although it has a battalion artillery that is not lagging behind the Japanese, it does not know how to concentrate firepower, and it also scatters the battalion artillery on the first line of infantry, which can not exert combat power and is easy to be destroyed by the enemy, and once the infantry is scattered, the artillery will be abandoned to the enemy. However, the Japanese army first applied the mobile tactics of intensive artillery preparation, followed by infantry cavalry left and right combined attacks, and then used it again and again, and it became almost a magic weapon used to defeat the Qianguo army on the land battlefield of the Ding You War.

After the Japanese army entered Seoul, it looted and aroused the resistance of the residents in the city, the Korean soldiers and civilians once started a fierce street battle with the Japanese army, and the Japanese army set fire to the city, so that two-thirds of the city of Seoul was destroyed, and the Japanese army was also met with fierce resistance from the palace guards when attacking the Korean palace, and they were not allowed to bombard the palace with artillery, and set fire to it, as a result, all the Korean palace guards were martyred, and after the Japanese army captured the palace, they searched for the whereabouts of the Korean king, and found several corpses in fine clothes that were killed by fire and smoke in a palace, Among them, three bodies are believed to be the king of Joseon, Yi Hee, Concubine Min, and the prince Yi Tuo.

At the same time as the attack on Seoul, another Japanese army launched an attack on Busan, a key city in southern Korea.

Busan was the largest assembly place of the Qianguo army in southern Korea. The total strength of the Qianguo army in the city was more than 42,000 men, equipped with 94 battalion guns and 46 machine guns, making it the largest corps of the Qianguo army in Korea. The reason why so many troops were gathered in Busan was because Prince Jing Yixin wanted to threaten the Japanese mainland.

Pusan concentrated almost one-third of the troops in Korea at that time. However, the army stationed in Pusan was divided into several major factions, and the generals were not familiar with each other, and because Prince Jing Yixin appointed the Bo general Jile Zhanga as the president, it caused widespread dissatisfaction among the generals of the Xia people, and they were separated from each other. Although Gil Zhanga took the lead in the suppression of the Shengping Army and the Silk Army, fought bravely, and had the brave name of "Shengjie Baturu", but in the peaceful years and glory and wealth of the past few decades, the upward vitality of seeking fame and wealth when he was young has long been worn out, coupled with old age and decrepitness, cowardly temperament, it is difficult to convince the generals, and the defeat has not yet come.

With the increasing number of troops transported to Korea by sea, in order to completely defeat the Qianguo army and control the entire Korean Peninsula, the Japanese army began to march to Pusan, and the Japanese army used to attack Pusan was mainly the mixed brigade of Osako Shomin, which first entered the southern part of Korea, the newly landed third division, and a mixed brigade of the fifth division, with a total strength of more than 16,000 people, under the unified command of Lieutenant General Katsura Taro, commander of the third division. Before the Japanese army set out, it was divided into three lines of operation according to the outflanking strategy, and arrived at the city of Busan before March 5 to launch a general attack.

On 6 March, the Qianguo scout cavalry discovered the traces of the Japanese vanguard troops, and after discussion, Gille Zhanga and the generals decided to dispatch eighty percent of the troops of the Qianguo garrison in Busan, and went out to attack the Japanese vanguard in the first half of the way, taking advantage of the fact that its foothold was not stable. In the middle of the night of 7 March, when more than 7,000 Qianguo soldiers were arranging camping in the middle of the march, some people suddenly shouted that they had discovered the Japanese army, and that they could not distinguish the target in the dark night, and the various armies opened fire indiscriminately and attacked each other. and when they heard the report, they knew that the enemy was still far away." Suffering from this setback, Gil Zhanga immediately dispelled the idea of going forward to fight, and hastily ordered all armies to return to defense, and from then on they lay dormant and waited passively to attack, and the morale of the whole army was even lower.

Busan is an important city in the south of South Korea, surrounded by mountains and facing the sea on one side. Busan Fortress was surrounded by a wall about 10 meters high, 7 meters thick at the base and 2 meters thick at the top. At midnight on the 14th, the Japanese troops attacking Pusan were divided into three lines for a combined attack, and the navy provided artillery support from the sea. At 4:30 a.m. on the 15th, the battle of Busan started in the area of the Anwen-ri bridgehead outside the city, the Daqi Shangmin mixed brigade first launched an attack, the cadres stationed there led Jing Gule to fight back desperately, and the Qianguo artillery on the fort also opened fire to help the battle, at dawn, Gu Wohe, the commander of the "White Tiger" department of the cadre army, was the first soldier, personally led 2,000 Bo cavalry to support the Jinggu Le department in the battle, in addition to consolidating the position, but also actively launched a counterattack against the Japanese army, and captured 2 Japanese trenches in a row, and fought until 2:30 p.m., The Japanese army was forced to withdraw from the battlefield, and more than 5,000 soldiers of the Qianguo Army fought bravely in the face of more than 3,600 Japanese soldiers, killing and wounding more than 520 Japanese soldiers and more than 1,000 casualties.

A little later than the Battle of Anwenli, the main force of the Japanese Third Division of more than 5,400 people launched an attack on the position of the Qianguo army under the personal command of the division commander Gui Taro. The Jinggul army responsible for guarding the place fought bravely, and launched two cavalry charges against the Japanese army in succession, going forward and successively, killing more than 560 soldiers, and then holding the position "dead force, like an iron wall and copper wall", the battle until noon, the Japanese army paid a large number of casualties and did not make any progress, and was forced to stop the attack, and was also defeated in this direction.

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