Chapter 196: Weapons Development
After a week's inspection, Wang Chenhao has a comprehensive understanding of the entire Beijing-Tianjin-Tang Industrial Base, and hundreds of foreign companies in the entire base are carrying out in a planned manner in accordance with Wang Chenhao's original idea. Among them, a number of light industries with low technical requirements and easy construction have been completed and put into operation one after another, and are supplied to all parts of Gyeonggi Zhili Province. Because of Wang Chenhao's special political status, the governors of all provinces sold him some face, and the recent unequal treaties imposed by Britain and France on Qing Zhengaxe caused the people to be angry and boycotted foreign goods, and merchants from all over the country rushed to the Beijing-Tianjin-Tang Industrial Base to buy goods, which for a time sold out of various products produced in the industrial base, and the supply exceeded demand.
Wang Chenhao knows very well that heavy industry is the road to a strong country, and light industry is the foundation of a rich country, and both must be grasped, and one side cannot be favored, otherwise it will embark on the road of defeat of the Soviet Union.
In view of this situation, Wang Chenhao ordered a number of light industrial companies that had already been built to expand their production scale, and at the same time allowed non-governmental capital to be stationed in the industrial bases, allowed non-governmental businessmen to set up factories in the industrial bases, and at the same time opened up the stocks of a number of non-military project companies and allowed non-governmental companies to purchase their stocks, so as to achieve the goal of raising funds to expand the scale of production.
Because the Beijing-Tianjin-Tang Industrial Base has a unique supply of raw materials, low production costs, and Wang Chenhao's personal power makes the industrial base stable and stable, a large number of well-known domestic businessmen and capitalists have moved their companies and factories to the industrial park. Among them, Zhang Jian, a capitalist from Shanghai, invested in the construction of the Tianjin branch of Dasheng Yarn Factory, Lin Xiantang invested in the construction of Guangqu Paper Mill, and Zhang Fengling invested in the establishment of Xinghua Match Factory, producing China's first box of self-made matches, ending China's long-term dependence on foreign fire. After screening the first Western film in Shanghai, Lu Yunzhen established China's first film company in the living area of the industrial park.
At present, the Qing Empire is subject to the foreign powers in terms of tariffs, and the tariffs are very low, and it is generally difficult for domestic national enterprises to compete with foreign companies, and many national enterprises are either losing money or going bankrupt.
In response to this situation, Wang Chenhao reached out to them in time. Since the imperial court exempted Wang Chenhao's personal foreign affairs companies, in order to support these national enterprises, Wang Chenhao allowed many domestic businessmen and capitalists to set up companies and factories under his name, so that they did not have to pay taxes to the imperial court, reduced cost pressure, and had the ability to compete with foreign companies.
Wang Chenhao's move has won the praise of domestic businessmen and capitalists, and hundreds of domestic national capitalists have sent famous cards to visit or send thank-you gifts to Wang Chenhao every day. There was a long queue at the gate of Wang Chenhao's Zhongyong Uncle's Mansion for a long time, and some people even began to queue up in advance at night in order to catch up early.
Wang Chenhao is busy with official business, so he naturally has no time to receive these people. So Wang Chenhao set up a foreign affairs management office in the industrial park, and sent people to receive them and help them apply for asylum in name, which made the door of the house clean, but there are still many businessmen who come to visit and give gifts every day, and the housekeeper Li Dehai directly ordered the concierge to register one by one, and every once in a while, Li Dehai concentrated on reporting to Wang Chenhao.
After Wang Chenhao returned from inspecting the industrial base, he issued a series of orders. One of them is to expand the production scale of the bicycle factory, from the current monthly production of 500 bicycles, to expand the scale of the monthly output of 2,000 bicycles, and plan to equip the Beiyang Army with the scale of bicycles required by a division every year, first transform the Beiyang Army infantry division into a bicycle infantry division, and wait until the quality of various military vehicles produced by the automobile factory has passed the test, and then gradually carry out motorized and mechanized transformation.
The Beijing-Tianjin-Tang Industrial Base is regarded by Wang Chenhao as the foundation of sustainable development and the cradle of the country's industry in the future.
In general, Wang Chenhao is very satisfied with the construction of the Beijing-Tianjin-Tang Industrial Base. According to his vision, this industrial base will be formed in the next three years, improve the construction of the entire national industrial system, basically more than 95% of the country's industrial development needs raw materials, equipment and technology can be self-sufficient, some of which will even lead the world, can obtain export advantages.
After inspecting the industrial base, Wang Chenhao and his entourage went to Beiyang Ordnance to inspect the production of the arsenal.
Under the auspices of Xu Jianyin, the scale of Beiyang Ordnance Heavy Industry has expanded dramatically. At this time, due to the outbreak of the Qing-Russian War, the Beiyang Ordnance Heavy Industry increased the demand for munitions, adding more than a dozen production lines for guns, artillery, ammunition, etc., and the entire arsenal worked overtime 24 hours a day, which ensured the supply of munitions needed by the Beiyang Army.
After the end of the war, Beiyang Ordnance Heavy Industry more than doubled. The area has increased from 4,000 acres to 5,000 acres; Employees of 5,200 people, increased to more than 10,000 people, including more than 6,200 skilled workers, 620 senior engineers, used to be German engineers as the main body, accounting for four-fifths, now with the national engineers and technicians gradually mastered the German military technology, so that the proportion of German engineers dropped to one-fifth, this is undoubtedly a good thing, proving that soon the country can fully master the German military technology.
Before the war, Beiyang Ordnance Heavy Industry had an annual output of 30,000 Mauser 95 rifles, 6 million 7.92 Mauser rifle cartridges, 72 Krupp 80 infantry guns, 36 Krupp 105 howitzers, 36 Krupp 150 heavy howitzers, a total of 150,000 rounds of shells of three calibers, and 1 million kilograms of smokeless gunpowder. The annual output of black medicine is 300,000 kilograms, and maroon gunpowder is 200,000 kilograms. After the war, Beiyang Ordnance Heavy Industry produced 60,000 Mauser 95 rifles, 20 million 7.92 Mauser rifle cartridges, 200 Krupp 80 mm infantry guns, 80 105 mm howitzers, 72 150 mm heavy howitzers, 600,000 rounds of three-caliber shells, 3 million kilograms of smokeless gunpowder, 600,000 kilograms of black powder, and 500,000 kilograms of maroon gunpowder.
"I said that I successfully researched Shimose gunpowder as early as the First Sino-Japanese War, why are we still using black powder and maroon gunpowder?"
Wang Shizhen, Ruan Zhongshu and others immediately raised objections.
Wang Chenhao looked at Xu Jianyin, who hurriedly replied: "Lord Hui, these black powder and maroon powder are still only for the old army. ”
Wang Chenhao said: "The imperial court doesn't pay for it, this loss-making business has stopped!" Stopped! ”
"Yes! My lord! ”
Xu Jianyin received the order, and in front of Wang Chenhao and everyone, he immediately ordered the stewards in charge of the production of black powder and maroon powder to stop the production line.
Wang Chenhao thought that it was not enough to improve weapons and equipment, it should be time to improve ammunition.
"We also have to improve the gunpowder, our artillery is already very advanced, but the gunpowder is still too backward, the cannon wants to increase the power, this improvement of gunpowder must be hurried!"
Xu Jianyin hurriedly replied: "If you go back to your lordship, you have already led the technical team of Beiyang Technology and are hurrying to imitate French yellow explosives. ”
It is said that Shimoto invented Shimose gunpowder, which is actually an improved version of yellow explosive. This explosive is much more powerful than black powder and maroon powder, and after exploding, it produces yellow poisonous gas, which will burn even on the surface of the water, making it a powerful military explosive. However, this explosive is very corrosive and is not suitable for long-term storage, and it does not matter if it is mass-produced during war, because it is quickly consumed, but in peacetime, or in a long-term arms race, the ammunition loaded with this explosive is not easy to preserve, and the disadvantages are great.
Suddenly, Wang Chenhao remembered something.
"That's right! Didn't I bring back a group of chemists from Europe? Many of them are engaged in the study of advanced explosives. I remember that at that time, I specially invited Carl Vinson, Stephen and a few others to study black sorkin and ammonium oil-explosives. ”
Xu Jianyin paused for a moment, and then replied: "If you go back to your lordship, all the chemists you hired back have been arranged. A number of chemical experiment departments were arranged, divided into inorganic chemistry department, organic chemistry department, physical chemistry department, polymer radiochemistry department, biochemistry department and medicinal chemistry department, etc., and the scientists you mentioned who studied black sorkin and ammonium oil-explosives, Carl Vinson and Stephen, were divided into the department of medicinal chemistry, because black sorkin is only used in medicine, and ammonium oil-explosives are very absorbent, and they feel that they have no value. ”
"You're a terrible thing!"
Wang Chenhao was immediately displeased, these scientists were obtained by Wang Chenhao from the Germans with great difficulty, and he thought that after returning to China, he would be able to see them produce two epoch-making good things, black sorkin and ammonium oil explosives, but he never thought that Xu Jianyin did not know their important surnames, and actually sent Carl Vinson and Stephen to the Ministry of Medicine.
In order to be able to get Carl Vinson to China, Wang Chenhao spent a lot of effort, played tricks to force the Berlin Hospital Institute to fire him, and shamelessly set a trap to make his gambling wife owe Wang Chenhao 120,000 gold marks, and finally Carl Vinson had to sell himself to Wang Chenhao to work and come to work in Beiyang Ordnance Heavy Industry.
"I can tell you that this black sorkin was the most powerful explosive before the atomic bomb came out, and it will play a decisive role in the future development of our army's military industry."
"My lord, what is an atomic bomb?"
"That-"
Wang Chenhao secretly said that he had said the atomic bomb in a hurry, so he hurriedly changed his words: "In short, what t-n-t, yellow explosives, and Shimose gunpowder are pediatric tricks in front of Hei Suojin explosives." ”
Although everyone didn't understand, they had already worshiped Wang Chenhao's words as gods, and the words that came out of Wang Chenhao's mouth were always correct.
Xu Jianyin hurriedly pleaded guilty and said: "Dereliction of duty, please punish the adult!" ”
Wang Chenhao waved his hand and said, "Forget it!" Those who don't know are not guilty, and you can't be blamed for that! ”
Xu Jianyin hurriedly thanked Wang Chenhao for not holding him accountable, and said: "My lord, my humble position is dull, and I hope that my lord can further make it clear, and the humble position can be arranged in detail." ”
Wang Chenhao nodded, so he told Xu Jianyin the important surnames of black Suojin and ammonium oil-explosives, and Wang Shizhen, Ruan Zhongshu and others next to him listened with their ears pricked up, and it was rare to listen to Wang Chenhao's lecture, and they didn't dare to listen to a word.
Hesokin, also known as cyclone explosives, was invented by the German medicinal chemist Carl Vinson, which was originally used to treat diseases, and was used for military purposes during World War II because of the emergence of high-power weapons such as missiles and rockets, and the requirements for the explosive power of gunpowder increased dramatically. Its chemically stable surname remains unchanged. Long-term storage at 50 °C does not affect its stability, it is more corrosion-resistant than yellow gunpowder, and it is a very powerful explosive, 1.8 times more violent than T-N-T, and it is the most powerful gunpowder before the appearance of the atomic bomb.
It was not until 1935 that Hesorkin was discovered to be a dynamite that surpassed all the explosives of his time, and it is now not taken seriously by all countries. Wang Chenhao invited Carl Vinson, first, to seize his invention patent rights. Second, Carl Vinson was asked to study how to carry out industrial production, and Wang Chenhao was prepared to hoard on a large scale, which could take advantage of the war and export on a large scale in the future, so as to hit the share of gunpowder sales in the arsenals of various countries and seize the international gunpowder market, which was a huge profit.
Ammonium oil-explosives are not used for military purposes, Wang Chenhao brought Stephen to Beiyang Weapons in order to take the lead in researching a plan for large-scale industrial production.
In the current world, no one knows better than Wang Chenhao the huge profits of ammonium oil - explosives. This explosive is a powerful and cheap energy source, which is widely used in agriculture, water conservancy, transportation, mining, building materials and other fields, and is regarded as the basis of basic industries.
Of course, although ammonium oil-explosives have many advantages, they are not perfect, and its disadvantages are that it is easy to absorb moisture and be dissolved by water to reduce its effectiveness, in addition, it is sensitive to fire, easy to generate static electricity, and the filling density is low.
As the world enters the industrial age of rapid development, this cheap and mass-produced explosives are urgently needed, and this is an opportunity to make a fortune, and Wang Chenhao cannot miss it. In his time, DuPont in the United States started out as a wealthy businessman with total assets of several million dollars, but after World War I, it grew into a super-consortium with assets of six or seven billion dollars, and their main product was ammonium oil - explosives. In World War II, DuPont received more than $23 billion in orders from the United States, the vast majority of which were chemical products for this explosives and related raw materials, and they monopolized 75 percent of the ammonium nitrate market.
This cake is too big, Wang Chenhao knows the value of this thing in the future, so he also asked for a patent and began to study industrial production in advance.
The two projects of Hesokin and ammonium oil explosives will be a huge fortune in the future alone, not to mention that after large-scale industrial production, they will occupy the global military and civilian gunpowder market, and the profits from them will make my mouth water just thinking about it.
Wang Chenhao just told them about the important surnames of these two items, and some things that were ahead of the times naturally didn't tell them too much.
While he was giving a lecture to everyone, Xu Jianyin had already sent someone to invite several related chemists such as Carl Vinson and Stephen.
Wang Chenhao praised the contributions of several of them to the invention of gunpowder, and promoted them to the second-class academicians of Beiyang Science and Technology on the spot, as a reward for their contributions to the invention of black gold and ammonium oil explosives. At this time, they were only fourth-level academicians, and being promoted to second-level academicians was equivalent to improving their various living and working benefits, and several people were immediately overjoyed and thanked Wang Chenhao for his generosity.
Subsequently, Wang Chenhao asked them about the development of black sokin and ammonium oil explosives, and asked them to develop a method of large-scale industrial production as soon as possible.
Of course, Wang Chenhao also knows some basic principles, but he can only give them some hints, and it is up to them to implement them. Although it is only a hint, for chemists like them, it really only takes a small hint and inspiration. In fact, many inventions have existed in nature for a long time, and they can be invented a long time ago, but people lack the opportunity to discover.
"I've heard that formalin is reacted with ammonia to produce a crystal, and when this crystal is mixed with nitric acid, a colorless crystal is obtained, which is Hesojin. After a certain treatment with concentrated nitric acid, its yield should be very high. Dr. Carl Vinson, you can start your research in this area, and I believe you can do more with less. ”
"As for ammonium oil explosives, only 94.5% solid ammonium nitrate needs to be dissolved in 5.5% diesel fuel to become an ideal explosive. As for the problem of hygroscopic surname, I remember that it was an ammonium oil explosive with a latex added to the ammonium oil explosive, so that it was made into a heavy ammonium oil explosive, which has the advantages of high density, high volume power and good water resistance. Dr. Stephen: That's where you start. ”
Carl Vinson and Stephen looked at Wang Chenhao in some surprise, he really couldn't believe that the young man in front of him was also proficient in chemistry, but at the moment, several of them were full of Wang Chenhao's improvement plan, as a group of scientific maniacs, they never paid attention to the etiquette, and immediately put Wang Chenhao aside, and a few people hurriedly ran to the laboratory, and then began to experiment.
"What kind of system is this?"
Xu Jianyin, Wang Shizhen and others were immediately dissatisfied, and the former immediately reprimanded them.
Wang Chenhao waved his hand and said with a smile: "It's okay, I just like such selfless scientific maniacs, let them go, as long as they can be developed as soon as possible, it will be the greatest reward for me, Xu Jianyin, don't be too harsh on them, let their surnames be." Scientists can only be used by their surnames to show their genius abilities. If you restrain them, the effect is greatly reduced. ”
Xu Jianyin hurriedly said: "Humble duty and follow the teachings of adults!" ”
Wang Chenhao nodded, and said: "Once the more than a dozen chemical plants in our industrial base are completed, the raw materials for the production of black gold and ammonium oil explosives will be complete. ”
Xu Jianyin hurriedly took the order and said: "Understood! Don't worry, adults! ”
Subsequently, accompanied by Xu Jianyin, Wang Chenhao and his entourage inspected some production workshops of the arsenal.
When he came to the gun production workshop, Wang Chenhao suddenly thought of another character, that is, the famous firearms designer Browning who he turned back from the United States. Because Wang Chenhao went abroad to search for thousands of scientists and technical engineer elites from all walks of life, many times if it wasn't for a specific scenario, he couldn't remember which **OSS he snatched. Therefore, it was not until I inspected the firearms workshop that I remembered Browning.
In July 1896, Browning designed an automatic smoothbore gun using the energy of the gas in the chamber of the gun at the time of firing as an energy source for automatic reloading, but Winchester refused to produce it in series. Browning was ready to go to a foreign country to find a partner. He had planned to go to the Belgian "Herstal National Arsenal" (later the FN company), because the Belgian political axe had already sent him an invitation to Belgium and was ready to appoint him chief gunsmith.
However, at the same time that Browning was preparing to accept the contract, Wang Chenhao was marrying the Zeringen family. Since the Zeringen family is in the business of beauty and fire, Winchester is a subsidiary of it. Wang Chenhao personally heard that the old Pitt rejected Browning's request, because Wang Chenhao personally liked a series of firearms produced by the Belgian FN company, so for Browning's name was like thunder, so then Wang Chenhao sent someone to contact Browning, and offered generous conditions, inviting him to be the chief designer of Beiyang Ordnance Heavy Industry Firearms, and the treatment was twice that of the Belgian Royal Arsenal.
Browning thought that Belgium was just a small country, and that the scale of its firearms production could not be compared with the huge Qing Empire, and Browning's motivation to design firearms was to make money.
"By the way, can Mr. Browning come up with a new firearm?"
Xu Jianyin hurriedly stepped forward and replied: "If you go back to your lordship, Mr. Browning is indeed an expert in firearms, and as soon as he came to us, he immediately took out his research results. ”
As he spoke, Xu Jianyin called a subordinate and whispered a few words in his ear, and then pointed to the firearms test field on the other side, and said, "My lord, please here!" ”
So, Wang Chenhao and others followed Xu Jianyin to the firearms test site.
"What is this?"
As soon as Wang Chenhao spoke, Xu Jianyin hurriedly explained: "My lord, this is a firearms testing ground, and the new firearms we developed are all tested and strictly tested here. ”
Wang Chenhao nodded and said with a smile: "You want to speak with facts, right?" ”
"Your Excellency is wise, and this is what you mean by your humble position!"
"Good! Then check it out! ”
Wang Chenhao looked excited, and was trying to see what Xu Jianyin was selling.
Soon, Browning learned that Wang Chenhao had personally come to inspect the new gun, and he did not dare to slack off, so he immediately brought several firearms he designed to the test site.
Wang Chenhao met with Browning, and the two naturally had to praise each other. Wang Chenhao valued Browning's talent for firearm design, and Browning hoped to achieve the goal of mass production of the weapons he designed through Wang Chenhao's liking.
The two have mutual needs and mutual interests, which makes the atmosphere of the conversation between the two very harmonious.
"I heard that Mr. Browning has designed some new firearms?"
"Yes! I've designed a few new firearms, boss, please take a look! ”
As he spoke, Browning motioned to his assistants to bring several new firearms he had designed to Wang Chenhao to see.
Browning showed Wang Chenhao three new guns, a rifle, a pistol, and a machine gun.
The rifle was called the Browning Type 97 rifle by Browning, because the air-conducting automatic smoothbore gun designed by Browning for the Winchester Arsenal was rejected for mass production, although Browning was angry, but he also understood that there must be shortcomings, so when he became the chief firearms designer of Beiyang Ordnance Heavy Industry, he immediately studied the German Type 95 Mauser rifle currently mass-produced by Beiyang Ordnance Heavy Industry, because only the basic improvement of this rifle can win Wang Chenhao's favor and obtain large-scale procurement from the Beiyang Army.
Therefore, Browning used his superb technical knowledge to develop this Browning Type 97 rifle. It is an imitation of the German 95 series Mauser rifle, with a rotating rear pull bolt, which can be considered a variant of the Mauser rifle. Outwardly, the overall length of the gun was shorter than that of the Type 95 Mauser rifle, the barrel length was shortened to 610 mm, and the pull handle was bent downward. Ammunition is fed from a 5-round magazine, and it can be loaded with a 5-round detachable magazine, or it can be loaded directly into the magazine. The Browning Type 97 rifle fires 7.92 Mauser rounds and has a rod bayonet.
The Browning Type 97 rifle is a good machine, and the Browning is eager to express himself as a newcomer, so he puts a lot of effort into it, so that the accuracy and reliability of the action can be maintained in all kinds of harsh environments.
Wang Chenhao took this rifle and played with it, and after shooting a shuttle of bullets, he thought it was very good.
"This gun is very light, and it is not difficult to hold it at all!"
Browning hurriedly said: "Don't hide it from the boss, I see that the soldiers of your army are not as strong and tall as the soldiers of the West, and it is really difficult to carry this Type 95 Mauser rifle, so I have improved it and reduced the weight, so that the soldiers of your country can be more relaxed."
Browning added: "Also, I originally planned to use 7.62mm rifle cartridges, which would further reduce weight and increase the amount of ammunition the soldier carried. However, I see that Beiyang Ordnance Heavy Industry has begun to produce 7.92mm rifle cartridges on a large scale, and it is not easy to change, so this gun also uses your country's general ammunition. However, I would suggest that if the boss has the strength, it is better to choose small-caliber rifle cartridges, which is not only for the sake of your soldiers, but also reduces the cost of ammunition production and consumption, which is a lot of money. ”
Wang Chenhao nodded and said, "That's good!" I agree! ”
Then Wang Chenhao handed the gun to the person next to him and said, "However, at the moment, our relations with Russia are tense, and we may start to do it at some point." There are already more than 100,000 soldiers on the front line using 7.92 rifle cartridges, and replacing them with 7.62 caliber will cause large-scale waste and affect logistics and supply. Wait until the end of the war against Russia, and then we will carry out reforms. ”
Browning praised: "It looks like you are a far-sighted military strategist!" This pistol is a gift from me to your boss! Originally, it was a 7.65 mm Colt pistol cartridge, but it was slightly changed considering that the standard for pistol cartridges in your country is 7.62 mm. ”
Wang Chenhao took the Browning-designed pistol with a little surprise and played with it up and down. Browning, on the other hand, explained to him.
The pistol designed by Browning, which he called the M1897 pistol, was intended to go to the Royal Arsenal of Belgium as a welcome gift to the other party. Now that he has arrived in China, he has changed it to Wang Chenhao as a meeting gift. The change is not significant, just changing the caliber to 7.62 mm pistol rounds.
Wang Chenhao took it in his hand and felt the weight, the seven-round loaded magazine was a little heavy. But Wang Chenhao likes this feeling, maybe because this gun is a bit like the Desert Eagle pistol of his time!
This pistol is a semi-automatic pistol powered by gunpowder gas and with a free bolt-action structure. The most representative of the gun is its sleeve construction, which is the world's first automatic pistol with a sleeve. However, because of its earlier design, the barrel structure of the gun differed from that of later automatic pistols.
In Wang Chenhao's time, automatic pistols almost all used a sleeve structure with the barrel on top and the recoiling spring on the bottom, while the M1897 was just the opposite, using the structure of the recoiling spring on the top and the barrel on the bottom, which seems a little strange today.
In the firing system, M1897 adopts the principle of firing pin firing, the blocking iron is directly stuck in the waiting card slot on the firing needle body, the trigger blocking iron is pulled to release the firing pin, and the firing pin directly fires the gun bullet under the action of the spring, there is no hammer mechanism, this structure is relatively simple, and there is no exposed hammer, it is not easy to hook and hang clothes when the gun is released, and it is suitable for use in small self-defense pistols.
The M1897 also has its own characteristics in the firing pin, unlike other firing pistols, the firing pin of this gun does not have a firing pin spring, but uses the elastic force of the re-entry spring to push the firing pin through a lever, which is very rare in the design of automatic pistols, and it is also one of the most characteristic parts of the gun.
Wang Chenhao picked up the pistol to shoot the action, loaded the live magazine and pulled the sleeve backwards, the reentry spring guide rod in the upper part of the sleeve reed reed moved backwards together, compressed the reentry spring to store elastic force, and the firing pin was stuck by the blocking iron, after releasing the sleeve, the gun bullet was loaded, because the firing pin was fixed by the blocking iron, at this time the reentry spring guide rod was still in the rear position, and the reentry spring remained in a compressed state. Pull the trigger stopper to release the firing pin, the reentry spring rebounds, and the firing pin is flicked forward by the lever to strike the primer of the gun bullet. Because the re-entry spring is relatively thick and has strong elasticity, the firing power of the firing pin is also very sufficient, and the firing reliability is very good.
In Wang Chenhao's use, the pistol had almost no failure to fire weakly, largely thanks to the structure of its re-entry spring-driven firing pin. When the pistol is in a non-ready state, because the firing pin is in the front position, the protrusion at the rear end of the lever is cocked, just in front of the door, and the shooter's aiming field is blocked, so that the pistol is not loaded; When the sleeve pistol is in the standby state, the firing pin is hung in the rear position by the blocking iron, the lever is pulled back by the firing pin, and the rear protrusion falls forward, leaving the aiming baseline, the shooter can know that the pistol is in the standby position, and the trigger can be fired. In addition to observing the protrusion of the rear end of the lever in front of the illuminator, the state of the pistol can also be judged by observing the position of the reentry spring guide rod from the muzzle, and in the non-standby state, the reentry spring guide rod is in the front position, and the head of the guide rod can be seen in front of the sleeve; When the pistol is in the standby position, the reentry spring guide rod is retracted, and the head of the guide rod is not visible in front of the sleeve, revealing the round hole of the reentry reed pipe.
Wang Chenhao hit three shuttle bullets in a row, and the feel was relatively good.
Wang Chenhao doesn't like the revolver with the gun very much, so he still likes this gun, and immediately gave Browning this gift to his subordinates, and at the same time gave his revolver with a gun to Browning, and Browning hurriedly thanked him.
This was followed by the test-firing of the machine gun developed by Browning.
The first heavy machine gun designed by Browning was the Colt Browning heavy machine gun. The gun was successfully designed in 1890 and was the world's first machine gun based on the principle of air conduction. Browning gave the invention to the American Colt Company, and the gun was finalized in 1895 and equipped with a small number of American [***] troops, but because the gas-guided heavy machine gun easily overheated, the U.S. Army eventually terminated the contract after purchasing 100 units.
After coming to China, Browning considered that the Beiyang Army was equipped with Maxim heavy machine guns on a large scale and wanted to compete with them, so he first improved the ultra-high weight of the Maxim heavy machine guns, but due to technical problems, reducing the weight of the heavy machine guns did not seem to work. But this did not stump Browning, so he designed a heavy machine gun that can be split, that is, the gun body, water cooler, gun carriage three parts of the heavy machine gun, can be carried forward by three soldiers, do not want to Makqin heavy machine gun has to think of a few people like a small cannon to push forward, not to mention the impact of combat speed, when encountering mountains, potholes, it is very inconvenient.
Browning named his new heavy machine gun the Browning M1897 water-cooled heavy machine gun.
The M1897 Browning heavy machine gun has a caliber of 7.92 and fires 7.92×63mm high-power general-purpose ammunition, that is, this ammunition is also used in the Makqin heavy machine gun to meet the logistics needs of the Beiyang Army. The barrel is water-cooled, and the barrel is covered with a sleeve with a capacity of 3.3 liters of water to cool the barrel. It adopts the latest barrel short recoil working principle, and the clamp iron landing locking mechanism. The receiver has a rectangular structure and is equipped with an automatic mechanism assembly. The whole organization is complex.
This Browning machine gun has strong continuous firepower and reliable movements, but it is still relatively bulky, and although it can be disassembled and carried, it is still more complicated to disassemble. However, it can be regarded as a kind of progress, at least Wang Chenhao believes that the development of heavy machine guns in the future can be carried out on the basis of this heavy machine gun.
When the bullet of this heavy machine gun is fired, the gunpowder gas acts on the bottom of the cartridge case, pushing the bolt and the barrel back about 8mm. The bolt and the barrel only recoiled together for a short stroke, and the two unlocking bevels in the receiver simultaneously pressed down on the pins on both sides of the locking jam, forcing the locking jam to slide out of the locking groove at the lower part of the bolt, so the bolt unlocked, detached from the barrel section sleeve, and recoil alone; After unlocking, the barrel and knot sleeve slammed into the rotating accelerator lever in the recoil, and the upper end of the accelerator lever hit the protrusion under the bolt, slowing down the barrel recoil while accelerating the bolt recoil. The barrel section sleeve moves backward under the action of the habitual surname, on the one hand, compresses the barrel reentry spring, on the other hand, forces the acceleration mechanism to turn back, and accelerates the bolt to accelerate the recoil speed and continue to compress the reentry spring. During recoil, the bolt picker draws a bullet from the cartridge belt, and the T-shaped shell hook at the front of the bolt pulls the fired cartridge case from the chamber. After the bolt recits in place, the reentry spring expands and contracts, pushes the bolt to readvance, and throws the shell to hit the cartridge case, causing it to be thrown downward. The bolt continues to re-enter, and the locking iron hits the landing gear seat and rises, so the bolt and the barrel sleeve are combined together to complete the bolt into the chamber, and the bolt and the barrel are locked. In the process of the joint re-entry of the bolt and the barrel, the trigger is pulled, the firing pin is released, and the firing pin spring immediately advances the firing pin, and the primer of the next bullet is fired, completing an automatic cycle process.
The gun uses a cartridge belt to feed the ammunition, and uses the recoil energy of the bolt to drive the movement of the plucking mechanism. The barrel of the gun can be screwed in or out in the section sleeve to adjust the bottom clearance. The gun is also equipped with a tripod. The sighting device of the gun is a sheet and can be adjusted horizontally. The gauge is a vertical frame type, which can correct the wind deviation.
Of course, like the Maxim heavy machine gun, the M1897 Browning heavy machine gun is inconvenient to use in cold and waterless areas because of its water-cooled structure.
"Click!"
On the shooting range, Wang Chenhao personally held the M1897 heavy machine gun for shooting, which was really enjoyable. After Wang Chenhao was tired from fighting, Wang Shizhen, Ruan Zhongshu and others also came up to join in the fun, and they all experienced the pleasure of heavy machine gun fire, and they were very addicted.
After some test firing, the three guns developed by Browning were generally quite satisfactory. For Wang Chenhao, this is far from meeting his requirements, but thinking that the current development of firearms in various countries is limited by industrial technology, although the rifles, pistols and machine guns developed by Browning have some shortcomings, they are more advanced than the active weapons and equipment of the armies of other countries, as well as the standard weapons that countries plan to develop and equip in the next few years.
However, Wang Chenhao also has requirements. He asked Browning to continue to test the reliability of these guns, and the quality was the most important thing, and Wang Chenhao did not want his soldiers to die because the guns were unstable and of poor quality.
Browning understood this, and he assured Wang Chenhao that improvements would be made in ensuring the stability and reliability of firearms.
Subsequently, Wang Chenhao ordered Xu Jianyin to set up a production line in accordance with the requirements of Browning's firearm design drawings, and first produce a batch of firearms on a small scale and hand them over to the Beiyang Army units for testing, and only after passing the test can they be mass-produced.
Browning has no problem with this, because the militaries of various countries are subject to similar rigorous tests before purchasing weapons.
Subsequently, Xu Jianyin led Wang Chenhao and others to inspect the artillery production workshop.
At present, Beiyang Ordnance Heavy Industry mainly produces 80mm infantry guns, 105mm howitzers and 150mm heavy howitzers for the army, and is also producing rapid-fire guns for the navy. There were 152 mm naval guns, 88 mm rapid-fire guns, 76 mm rapid-fire guns, 47 mm rapid-fire guns, and 37 mm machine guns. Coastal defense fortress artillery is also produced, the largest caliber is 240 mm cannon, the smallest caliber is 120 mm artillery, all are German Krupp artillery technology, it is worth mentioning that Wang Chenhao introduced the German Krupp 240 mm rapid-fire gun, the gun is the German Navy type main gun, is currently the world's largest caliber rapid-fire gun, for coastal defense, this large-caliber rapid-fire gun is very dominant.
For naval naval guns, at present, China can only imitate the 240 mm 25 times the German ship-based rapid-fire gun, can imitate the British 152 mm 40 times the extension of the naval gun, no matter how large the caliber or double the extension can not obtain the relevant technology temporarily, because these technologies are currently Germany, France, Russia, the United States, Italy and other countries due to their own national defense and security factors, are strictly blocking the direct export of relevant production technology and machine tools, and the domestic technology can not be produced by itself for the time being, can only rely on imports.
However, Wang Chenhao has already obtained the relevant technology of the German Krupp Gun Factory, and in time it will certainly be possible to achieve the goal of completely domestically producing naval guns.
(To be continued)