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Hamilton led about 80,000 troops to the port of Muzros on the Greek island of Lemnos, where the Allied fleet left on 23 April for the Galician peninsula, which gave the German von Fernandes. General Sanders had ample time to prepare for the war, and the old guns of the coastal batteries under the Turkish Star and Moon had been replaced with German-made Krupp cannons, and the army equipment such as rifles funded by Germany before the war also came in handy. ~ Hamilton, on the advice of Field Marshal Lord Kitchener, limited the landing site to twenty miles on either side of the peninsula, and left the field commander to choose the beachhead.

The expeditionary force of 80,000 Allied troops was divided into three routes: the first was the French ** regiment, at the southern tip of the Gallipolian coast, at Qom. The Kalai landing, which was a temporary, diversionary landing. The Second Army, the Australian and New Zealand Corps (Anzac), was the largest and landed on a well-visible beach on the Aegean coast on the Gallipoli Peninsula, followed by a flat area called the Geba Mound. The landing site of the Third Route Army was chosen at Cape Hull, the commanding height of the Galician Peninsula overlooking the entire Dardanelles.

After the first army of the Entente Expeditionary Force landed, it encountered a fierce battle. German von. General Sanders correctly guessed this landing site. He was already away from Qom. Not far from Kale, two divisions of troops were deployed. Because this place is within the range of battleship fire, it is very vulnerable. Because it was only a temporary, diversionary landing, the French returned to the warship after a day of fierce fighting with the Turkish defenders. Sail to Cape Hull to join the British.

Cape Hel was the landing point chosen by Hamilton's Army, and he arranged five landing sites on the beaches of Cape Heller. This came as a big surprise to Sanders.

Sanders had thought that the goal of the British army was the Sea of Marmara, near Constantinople. So the closest place to this target is most likely to be chosen for landing, which is Bligh at the narrowest point of the northern strait of the Galician Peninsula. If the British landed in Bligh, it would be equivalent to reaching the Sea of Marmara, and it would also be able to cut off the Turkish troops on the Gallipoli Peninsula from the military base in the north, so that the landing would be reasonable. Sanders judged that Hamilton was likely to send most of the expeditionary force to Bligh, so he placed two of Turkey's most elite divisions in Bligh and set up his headquarters there.

But Sanders overlooked one point. That is, General Hamilton of England had previously known nothing about the Galician Peninsula, and he had no idea that Bligh was the best place to land. Of Sanders's six divisions, two were deployed on the opposite side of the peninsula to the British landing. Another third of the force was to the north. The remaining two divisions. An under-formed division was sent to the Cape of Helle, and the last division, sent to the central part of the Galician Peninsula, could move to any point on the Galician Peninsula at any time.

When the British landed on Cape Helle. The number of troops far exceeded that of the Turks. At 6:1, only two of the 5 landing sites encountered fierce resistance. At one of the landing sites, Hunter. The 29th Division, led by Weston, landed and found themselves in a beachhead position that was difficult to defend. The old coal carrier, the River Clyde, was converted into a landing craft with huge doors mounted on the hull and could accommodate 2,000 soldiers. When the ship approached the shore, it was surrounded by British barges carrying troops. At this time, the Turkish Krupp heavy artillery opened fire, and the bow of the coal carrier was planted in the water. The British army fell into the water, and the sea water without any industrial pollution was like transparent crystal, but the water was so deep that many of the British could not swim, and the bodies of the soldiers in neat formations and uniforms sank to the bottom, and they were hit or stumbled and fell into the water while climbing ashore. Hunter. Weston's army suffered heavy casualties, more than a third. They also encountered barbed wire obstacles, but the British eventually took control of the landing. After that, they sat down to rest and waited for orders from their superiors.

Similar absurdities happened at the remaining 3 landing sites, where no resistance was encountered. The British could have easily moved inland, occupied the commanding heights in front, and even had time to detour behind the Turkish guards to attack. However, no one told them what to do when they went ashore, so the British waited at the landing site, waiting aimlessly, wasting precious opportunities.

Of the 3 British units that landed unresisted, one of the British units met the approaching Turkish troops at night after a leisurely whole day, and after a night of fighting, the British repulsed the Turks. In the morning, the British unit, feeling that it was in a bad position, returned to the landing ship and sailed away. At the same time, the Turks, who fought with them, retreated. At this time, half of the Turkish forces at Cape Heller were killed or wounded, and only about 1,000 were alive and unwounded. If the British had attacked at this time, they would have been able to sweep across the peninsula with superior forces. However, there was no order from above, and this British unit did not march inland. Instead, the British held the beach and waited for the weakly armed Turks to attack. At this time, Hamilton was sitting on the battleship "Queen Elizabeth", completely unaware of the actual situation on the beach battlefield, and could not give orders.

The landing of the Second Route Army, the Anzac, was almost a disaster. Anzac Commander William. General Birdwood was convinced that a night landing would save the army from Turkish shelling. General Birdwood, commanding a part of his army to land in the dark of night, and when they came ashore, it was not until dawn that they realized that the maps of the Galician peninsula that Hamilton had bought from a London bookstore were inaccurate. The mile of beach that General Birdwood had predicted based on the map was, in fact, narrow and short, with cliffs at either end.

Just as the Anzac landed, the brave Mustafa . Colonel Kemal arrived with his ragged infantry battalion. With a compass in one hand and a map in the other, he forcibly marched to the landing site after hearing the news of the enemy's landing. As soon as he saw the enemy's troops, he immediately led his soldiers to occupy the top of the hill. He ordered his soldiers to lie down, their rifles loaded, and sent a message for the troops behind to quickly follow. The fighting situation was extremely desperate, and the soldiers were engaged in hand-to-hand combat. Both sides continue to throw in new forces and launch new attacks one after another.

Kemal ordered the Turkish soldiers to launch a new offensive, which his lieutenant Likasi felt after this attack. Say: "Stop attacking." I'm afraid no soldier will come back alive if I fight again! ”

The fierce Kemal widened his eyes with rage, wiped the blood from his forehead, pulled out the Mauser at his waist, and yelled at the adjutant: "Bastard! I didn't let you attack, I let you die! After our death, other units and other commanders will continue the offensive. "I'm going to let you die!" This phrase later became Kemal's "famous quote".

Kemal's army captured a nearby hill and bullets rained down on the Anzac. In a limited area of landing. The 12,000 Anzac soldiers, as well as livestock, artillery and supplies, were in disarray, fighting from dawn. Fierce fighting between the two sides lasted 12 hours, with numerous casualties.

The landing Anzac force, which had little previous combat experience, was attacking the Turkish army from the back. The difficulties can be imagined. What's even more helpless. They had no way to dig trenches in the rocky terrain of the island, with small shovels on the sturdy roots of the bushes. They had to desperately find a cavernous cavern to hide and fight back.

By dusk, Kemal's Turkish army still held the heights.

The battle is brutal, and the bullet does not grow eyes.

Lu Dewen of the Australian Army, a 20-year-old corporal, was lying behind a reef.

A New Zealand soldier, Jill, who was a recent college graduate, was lying on his side, grinning.

Lu Dewen whispered to him in broken English: "You have encountered the fiercest battle!" ”

Jill said: "In which direction is the enemy?"

Lu Dewen said: "You are in front of you." There was a Turkish sniper. ”

Jill pulled the bolt. Quickly got up and fired a few shots, then fell.

Lu Dewen heard the muffled sound of a disgusting bullet entering an object. Turning his head, he saw that it was the bullet that smashed Jill's face and burrowed into the trachea, making Jill speechless, and Jill's eyes stared at Lu Devon in horror, and the great pain drove Jill's body to squirm.

"Oh my God!" Lu Dewen exclaimed, he couldn't do anything but pray for Jill. Jill collapsed on a black rock, his two legs wrapped around each other, his expression was very painful, his cheeks gradually turned pale, and he struggled for 20 minutes before his breathing gradually stopped.

When he learned that the Anzac had landed here, Turkish Admiral Jemar Pasha was a few miles inland and he commanded eight battalions and three artillery squadrons to support Kemal, rushing to the cliff overlooking the Anzac beachhead, just in time to repel the new group of Anzacs climbing the slope.

On 26 April, more than 16,000 Anzac troops had landed, charging on lower slopes and ridges. The constant shelling of the Turkish army did not prevent the new replacement of the Anzac from slowly climbing the slope and occupying the commanding heights.

Eventually, however, Jemar Pasha commanded the Turkish army to begin a counterattack. The Turkish soldiers jumped out of the trenches and launched two large attacks, each time like a tidal wave. The Turks, who looked quite tall, shouted "Allah", blew trumpets and whistles, rushed towards the positions of the Anzac. At a very high cost of casualties, the Turkish army gradually forced the New Australian Corps to retreat and retreat to the landing site.

That night, the commander of the landing operation of the New Australian Corps, not realizing that the Turkish army was also on the verge of collapse, reported to Hamilton that the landing had failed, requesting to board the ship offshore. After a period of excruciating anguish, Hamilton replied that the New Australian Army had to hold their ground and that they had to "dig trenches".

Three days later, 19,000 British soldiers attacked Cape Hull, briefly occupying a vantage point overlooking the peninsula. After that, they were forced to retreat, suffering losses of 3,000 casualties.

On May 5, General Sanders of Germany began to choose the positions of the Turkish army for the counteroffensive. Sanders began his main assault on the southern beachhead, but the Turks were still ineffective and were quickly routed by the Australian forces supported by two new brigades. Subsequently, the armies of both sides also dug trenches and entered a protracted battle.

On May 6, in order to get rid of the blocked beachhead, the British Hunter. General Weston commanded the British 29th Division in an attempt to force a breakthrough, but was stopped by fierce resistance from the Turkish army, and both sides shed a lot of blood and suffered heavy casualties. General Hamilton personally went to the front line to command, and the situation did not get any better. Three days of fierce fighting, including repeated white-knuckle battles. A third of the Allied troops were killed or wounded, while the Turks still held on to the heights.

The fiercest battle ended in late May. The small battlefield was filled with the graves of eight thousand dead Turks and the Entente, filling the air with a foul stench. The hot summer of the Galician Peninsula followed, malaria and dysentery began to circulate, and deaths on both sides increased. In order to prevent a pandemic that could destroy everyone on both sides, General Birdwood, at the urging of his medical staff, negotiated with General Sanders of Germany.

On May 24, Birdwood pulled a white flag. General Sanders said, "For God's sake, if we don't want to die here, please impose a truce." ”

Sanders' troops also have a lot of bodies to dispose of. A nine-hour moratorium on fighting was agreed, saying: "Let all those who participate in the burial wear white armbands, and it is forbidden to carry binoculars, weapons, or watch trenches." All the troops in the trenches did not stick their heads out. Birdwood agreed.

Some of the trenches were only thirty feet apart. The Anzac and Turkish forces silently began to dig deep trenches or cemeteries. But soon the two sides exchanged cigarettes and jokes in broken Turkish and English. The two sides secretly spy on each other's defenses. When verifying the identity of the corpse. Officers carefully paid attention to the configuration of trenches and guard systems. Turkey's Admiral Jemal, wearing a sergeant's uniform, went to a place near the Anzac trench and worked with the burial team for nine hours to spy on the military.

At around 3 p.m. on May 24, the last of the dead were slowly lowered into the burial trench when a gunshot broke the silence. In this uneasy moment, the burial team except breathed. They ceased all action, realizing in horror that they were in the middle of thousands of rifles facing them on both sides. No second shot was heard. So the people turned around and accomplished their task. After shaking hands and saying goodbye, in the evening each side returned to their trenches. A few minutes later, somewhere in the Turkish lines, a rifle opened fire, and again gunfire rang out on the battlefield.

On 26 May, 25,000 British and French soldiers launched a new offensive and, having suffered a third of the casualties, were forced to retreat, with Australians and New Zealanders crowded into what would become known as the Anzac Cove, unable to advance or retreat. The front of the Entente armies on the Gallipoli Peninsula turned into something worse than defeat: a stalemate like a stalemate on the Western Front. The Allied armies, on the other hand, endured severe hardships and inconveniences in the summer, such as heat, flies, and lack of water. The summer storms also drowned more than 500 people on each side in the trenches.

While the Allies were concentrating on fighting on land, Churchill's Royal Navy also launched an attack on the Dardanelles, but with limited success, as German submarines were deployed.

Churchill assigned four shallow-water heavy gunboats with fourteen-inch cannons and not afraid of mines. British submarines also entered the straits and sailed into the Sea of Marmara and the port of Constantinople, inflicting significant losses on Turkish shipping. A transport ship carrying 6,000 Turkish Army troops was hit by a British torpedo in the harbor. The Turkish losses amounted to one battleship, one destroyer, five gunboats, forty-four steamers, eleven transports and one hundred and eighty-five sailing ships. The price paid by the British for this sabotage was the loss of eight of the thirteen submarines sent.

A Turkish light battleship, under the cover of night, also quietly slipped into the Dardanelles and torpedoed the "Goliath". Two weeks later, a German submarine sank the British battleship "Victory". A day later, the same fate befell the Majesty. The sneak attack of German submarines in the Mediterranean Sea caused panic in the British. Churchill, fearing for the safety of the Queen Elizabeth, ordered it to return to a British port.

The battle on the Gallipoli Peninsula lasted for half a year, and Hamilton was recalled due to incompetent command. When the winter of 1909 came, the Allies did not stock up on additional warm clothing, and more than 5,000 people suffered from chilblains, so it was decided to begin the retreat on December 19, and no one in London or the Gallipoli Peninsula regretted it, except for Churchill.

During the evacuation, Hamilton's successor, Charles Brown, was the successor of the company. General Monroe devised a plan for a great retreat: from each brigade to the smallest echelon, the retreat was scheduled according to their distance from the four battleship docks. In small groups of six to twelve, they crossed dozens of small ditches in columns, often an officer at the back of each group, who left a regular fuse to explode the mines in the tunnels. There were no lights, no smoking, and the soldiers marched at a determined pace of three miles an hour. Their footsteps were muffled by a sandbag paved road. The generals and privates were crammed into motorized barges, each carrying four hundred men. Careful points guarantee that no one is left behind. The only sound was the trembling of the barge heading towards the sea with memories of defeat. Completely blinded, the Turks continued to fire shrapnel and bullets into the empty trenches, and this time there were no casualties in this retreat.

In 1909, almost half a million Allied soldiers were transported to the Gallipoli Peninsula, with more than 50 percent casualties. The British casualties totalled 214,000 and the French 47,000. At least half a million Turkish troops entered the war, 251,000 suffered casualties, and the essence of the Turkish army was destroyed.

It was understandable to be defeated by the Germans, but after being defeated by the Turkish army, British Prime Minister Asquith felt that the reputation of the British ** team had been tarnished. Lord Kitchener was no longer trusted and he was stripped of power and the control of the ordnance was transferred to Lloyd's. A new ministry headed by George. Churchill, the Secretary of the Admiralty, was transferred from the cabinet, which was equivalent to being removed, and Churchill was furious, put on a military uniform, and went to serve on the French front until Asquith's cabinet also collapsed! (To be continued......)