Chapter 222 The cultivator has his field

"Chen Liao Ying has a book to play."

"Liao Aiqing, please speak."

Liao Yingzhong said with joy on her face: "Your Majesty, the Fujian Road Guantian Department said that the land measurement work on Fujian Road has been completed for more than nine stops, and it can be completed by the end of this month." ”

"Okay." I also said happily, "Liao Aiqing, this time the boundary measurement of Fujian Road is quite smooth, and I will make a contribution to your official field." ”

"Your Majesty, this measurement is mainly due to the high degree of cooperation of the officials of the prefectures and counties on Fujian Road, and the officials are just doing their duty."

"The merit is not arrogant, Liao Aiqing is also high-spirited."

"Thank you, Your Majesty."

In late August of the first year of Xianchun, when I learned that the land survey on Fujian Road was about to be completed, I once again referred the land reform matter to the court meeting, and refined it on the basis of the original land program document, and set a specific framework.

"Ladies and gentlemen, in all dynasties before the founding of the Song Dynasty, the tax revenue from agriculture accounted for more than ninety percent of the country's total income, and in my dynasty, the proportion of agricultural tax revenue began to decline, I think there are two main reasons for this, first of all, the commerce of our dynasty includes handicrafts, foreign export trade, etc., have developed greatly, and the imperial court has also relaxed the restrictions on commerce, and the status of merchants has been improved accordingly, which makes the commodity trade of our dynasty, especially overseas trade, far exceed the previous generations, and in the future, I will increase the amount of commerceThe investment in non-agricultural industries such as handicrafts to ensure the balanced development of a variety of economic modes is secondly, because the policy of land annexation implemented by our dynasty has resulted in the situation of 'the rich have no land and the poor have no place to stand', which has reduced the number of 'small farmers', the main theme of agricultural taxation, and many large landlords have concealed the amount of land in order to evade taxes, which is the fundamental reason for the reduction of land taxes. ”

As the time traveled to the end of the Song Dynasty became longer and longer, the more I learned about the situation of this era, the deeper and more accurate it became.

The commerce of the Song Dynasty was unprecedentedly developed, and the prosperous scene of the capital of the Northern Song Dynasty could be seen from the "Qingming Riverside Map", after Gaozong crossed to the south, the imperial court still relaxed the restrictions on commercial activities, and the surge in commercial taxes made the Song Dynasty the only dynasty in ancient China where commercial taxes were equal to or exceeded agricultural taxes.

Despite this, the average tax revenue of the Song Dynasty is still roughly half, and the development of commerce still cannot hide the essence of China's agricultural power, so the important surname of land is still very prominent, which is the primary issue related to the livelihood of most peasants, and farmers are still the main body of the people in the Great Song Dynasty, no matter how developed commerce is, after all, the working class has not yet been formed.

If most of the agrarian reform programs I published at that time came from the memories of later generations, now I have many marks of this era in my consciousness.

"Ladies and gentlemen, the purpose of land reform I have said before, is to let the cultivators have their land, but also to let the capable work more, this will not change, land reform must be carried out under the premise of accurate land measurement, now the measurement of Fujian Road has come to an end, so I will start with Fujian Road to try out, let's talk about the specific ideas for land reform, first of all, I intend to stipulate the maximum amount of land ownership of the landlord class, according to the difference between paddy fields and dry land, In the period of 3 to 6 times the per capita cultivated land, the tax is the same, and the land between 6 and 9 times the per capita cultivated land is levied according to the double tax rate, and the land that exceeds 9 times is forced by the government to collect it to the peasants, and the price of cultivated land is calculated according to 2 to 3 times the annual harvest of the main products of cultivated land. It is necessary to proceed from the actual situation of Fujian Road and set a reasonable proportion value. ”

"Yes, Your Majesty, the ministers obey."

"The second point is that the land expropriated from the landlords will be incorporated into the official land, and these official fields will be sold to the peasants one after another, and the land price will be the same, which is two to three times the annual harvest of the cultivated land, and in order to reduce the burden on the peasants, all the land price shall be paid by the peasants in installments within ten years, and it shall be calculated in kind, so as not to be affected by the appreciation or depreciation of the currency, and at the same time, the peasants do not have to bear the interest, and for the surplus official land, displaced people can be recruited to cultivate, or the government can organize the establishment of national farms, and it can also be used as a site for opening workshops, etc."

Liao Yingzhong asked: "Your Majesty, if the local peasants come from other places and do not have local identity certificates, can they enjoy the same conditions as the local peasants?" ”

Isn't this the relationship between the migrant workers and the residents of the later generations?

I was stunned for a moment, and then asked, "Tobe, is there a precedent for this in my dynasty?" ”

Ma Guangzu, an old minister of the household department, said: "Your Majesty, there is no similar system in our dynasty, and there is no precedent. ”

I thought for a while and said: "In this way, I propose a way, Ma Aiqing, you go and discuss it to see if it is appropriate, all foreigners who have lived in the local area for more than one year can apply for a local temporary identity certificate with the identity certificate of the original place of residence, and enjoy the same preferential conditions as the local residents." ”

Ma Guangzu said: "Your Majesty, although this kind of thing is rare, it will still happen, and the ministers will play it to Your Majesty after discussion." ”

"Yes."

Liao Yingzhong then asked: "Your Majesty, if the hired worker owns land in the original place of residence and comes to another place to apply for it, can it be regarded as a duplicate purchase?" ”

This is very similar to the housing purchase restriction policy in later generations, some areas implement purchase restrictions, and you can only buy two houses locally, but you can go to other places to buy a third or even a fourth house, which is not considered a violation.

"Liao Aiqing, for this point, I think I don't need to pay attention to it for the time being, as long as the land tax on both sides of this person is paid normally, and other problems may be encountered during the trial trial on Fujian Road, and you will study it carefully then."

"Yes, Your Majesty."

"The third point is to formulate a system of rent collection for landlords to tenant farmers, first extract 20 percent from the harvest of the land, and give it to the tenant farmers as their basic expenses and fertilizer and seed expenses, and the rest is divided equally between the landlord and the tenant farmers, so that the landlord's rent to the tenant farmers shall not exceed 40 percent of the annual harvest, in addition, the landlord leases the land, and the lease period shall not be less than five years, and the tenant farmers may give priority to renewing the lease after the expiration of the term, and the landlord shall not withdraw the rent at will and raise the rent, so as to ensure the relative stability of the tenant farmers, and when the agricultural harvest fails, The landlord shall be temporarily exempted from the rent, but if the tenant farmer has failed to pay the rent for two years, the landlord shall have the right to terminate the tenancy agreement, and the tenant farmer shall at the same time compensate the landlord for the loss. ”

"Fourth, all those who belong to the basic cultivated area, whether ordinary peasants or landlords, can be exempted from paying taxes in the first year, mainly to give those poor peasants a buffer, and pay taxes normally from the second year.

"Fifth, the government will have the right to take back farmland that has been vacant for two consecutive years."

"Sixth, the conversion of cultivated land for other purposes must be reported to the local government and field department, and it can only be approved by the official field department."

"The above points are the framework measures that I have in mind, and the detailed plan will be discussed by the Ministry of Fields and the Ministry of Agriculture before the end of this month, and will be piloted on Fujian Road immediately after I review it, and the time will not exceed September 10."

"The ministers obey."

"Ladies and gentlemen, land reform involves the interests of thousands of households, is the basic element of stability in our dynasty, the implementation of the land reform policy, will certainly greatly stimulate the enthusiasm of tenant farmers to purchase land and production, so that the living conditions of the vast number of peasants have been improved, but once the land reform system is introduced, it will also be openly opposed by the big landlord class in various places, what are the countermeasures under the discussion of the problems that may arise below, Shichen, you have implemented the public land law for several years, you should have a lot of experience."

Jia Rudao didn't dare to look at me again this time, and said in a low voice: "Back to Your Majesty, the old minister thinks that when formulating a detailed system, it is necessary to consider the supporting management system, so as to put an end to the major problems that have arisen in the implementation of the Gongtian Law that Lord Ma Tingluan said. ”

"Well, the minister is reasonable, Wen Aiqing, in the implementation process, the Government Council must supervise in a timely manner."

"Yes, Your Majesty."

Jiang Wanli went out and said: "Your Majesty, the minister thinks that it is necessary for the officials at all levels of our court to take the initiative to contact the landlord class, and explain the idea of land reform to those landlords and gentry in detail, and try to get their understanding and support. At the same time, the ministers were also considering whether there could be some scheme to compensate the local landlord class. ”

Ma Tingluan said: "Your Majesty, the minister agrees with Lord Jiang's proposal, if you can give a certain amount of compensation, you will definitely get twice the result with half the effort." ”

"Well, what a few Aiqing discussed I think is feasible, first of all, we must do a good job in ideological education, we can't blindly adopt high-pressure policies, and then give a certain amount of compensation, everyone, then let's discuss together, how to compensate."

"Your Majesty, you can implement the ancestral officer."

"The minister thinks that he can give a certain idle official title."

"Under the same conditions, priority can be given to the children of landlords during the imperial examination."

Nguyen Teng Binh, who rarely spoke at the court meeting, said: "Your Majesty, the minister has a good performance. ”

"Ruan Aiqing, please speak."

"Your Majesty, the minister has an immature idea."

"Let's talk about it, let's talk about it together."

"Your Majesty, with the rise of commerce in our dynasty, the minister believes that the future silver village will definitely make a big difference, in order to make the popularity of the silver village in various places faster, the minister proposed, the original management institutions responsible for Jiaozi and other paper money in various places into the silver village branch, and at the same time can attract these landlords to participate together, that is to say, the landlords are allowed to invest in my Song Dynasty Royal Silver Village according to the reduction of land."

"Joint-stock system." I'm a little surprised, how could this Nguyen Teng Binh come up with it,

"Your Majesty, it can be said that it is the joint-stock system, according to the minister's plan, the function of the silver village will be divided into two, one is on behalf of the imperial court as an institution for issuing paper money, and the other is for the emerging business services, the minister has given a simple example, a businessman has a good project, and he happens to be short of funds, then I can borrow money from him, or simply invest in it, and so on the merchant's project is complete, the silver village also has a revenue share, the output of agriculture will only increase a little bit, and the profit can not continue to grow exponentially, The income of the silver village can be increased several times or even dozens of times, and the profit can also increase accordingly, which will give the landlord class a new investment opportunity, and at the same time can also speed up the construction of the silver village in various places. ”

Ma Tingluan said: "Lord Ruan, what if Yinzhuang loses money. ”

"My lord, it is indeed possible to lose money, it is risky to do business, so there is a saying that the rich and noble are in danger, so that the landlords can invest in the silver village, but also the two parties should be voluntary, benefit sharing, and the risk is the same, Ruan's words are just because the court needs to give these landlords compensation and put forward an additional way, of course, in the long run, the silver village will not lose money."

In later generations of Taiwan, the Kuomintang adopted this method when carrying out land reform, that is, the four major state-owned cement, industrial and mining, papermaking, and agriculture and forestry companies were turned into private enterprises, and through the issuance of company shares, landlords were allowed to hold shares according to the amount of land transferred, which was equivalent to a kind of compensation for them.