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[Today's second update]

The Chinese Emperor ** was waiting for the Kütahya Bridge, and the attempt of the Greek army to annihilate the main force of the Turkish army was ruined. Pen? Interesting? Pavilion wWw. ｂiquge。 info The commander of the Greek army, Lieutenant General David, personally went to the headquarters of the Chinese Emperor ** to negotiate with the commander of the Chinese Emperor**, but the result was not satisfactory, and David was ruthlessly rejected by the Chinese Empire.

David left angrily, returned to his headquarters, and ordered the front-line Greek troops to take a posture to attack the Kutasia Bridge, in an attempt to threaten the Chinese emperor to make concessions.

However, how could the Chinese emperor be frightened?

In the face of the main force of more than 70,000 Greek troops, only one infantry regiment of the Chinese Emperor ** held the Kutasia Bridge, and the difference in strength between the two sides was huge. However, the commander of the Chinese Emperor resolutely ordered the whole regiment to prepare for battle, and all kinds of combat vehicles, artillery, light and heavy machine guns entered the combat deployment, and at the same time requested air support from the Cyprus Base Command.

Soon, two fighter wings and one bomber wing from the Imperial Chinese Air Force Base flew over the Kütahya Bridge and circled the airspace near the front line of the Greek army's attack.

Seeing this posture, the Greek army, which thought it was well-equipped, was suddenly short of breath, and after observing the forward position for a while, David suddenly gave up his idea.

The Chinese Emperor blocked the way, making it impossible for the Greek army to completely encircle the Turkish army, so that the fighters were delayed and the opportunity to completely annihilate the Turkish army was missed.

In this regard, both the Greek Zhengfu and the military felt very embarrassed and faceless, but the Chinese Empire was an insurmountable chasm in front of them, and the Greek side had nothing to do about it.

However, the Chinese Empire reached an agreement with Greece. The Chinese Empire only wanted Greece and Turkey to continue the war so that the Chinese Empire would have the opportunity to continue to control Greece and Turkey and meddle in Balkan affairs. At the same time, the Chinese Empire also looked behind to see how capable Greece was supported by Britain and France.

The Chinese Empire helped Turkey painlessly, so that the surrounding countries did not know what kind of medicine the Chinese Empire was selling in the gourd. However, some veteran military strategists sniffed the smell, believing that this was a post-war contest between the great powers of the East and the West in the Balkans. Although the Western world was hit hard in the world war, the dispute between the East and the West did not end there, but continued to compete in secret.

Kemal and other Turkish military generals saw through the strategic intentions of the Chinese Empire and knew that it was better to rely on themselves than to seek help, so they accelerated the pace of forming a national army.

At this time, Turkey was just like the Soviet Russian Red Army when it faced foreign invasion, and it took time to form a national army. To this end, Kemal and others personally visited the Chinese Empire's Cyprus Base Command and asked the Chinese Empire to send professional instructors to help Turkey quickly train the national army.

The Chinese Empire had rich experience in military training, and in order to resist the invasion of Tsarist Russia, it set up a short-term crash course, and in a short period of time, it gained a considerable combat effectiveness of the army. Now the Turkish military also wants to quickly organize a fighting national army in this way, and urge the Chinese Empire to deliver weapons and equipment to the Turkish military as soon as possible.

At the time when the Turkish military formed the National Army, the situation in Turkey became extremely serious, the Sakarya River had become the last barrier for Ankara, and Turkey was going through an existential test.

On August 5ri, the Loya Jirga adopted a special decree by Kemal and commander-in-chief of the whole army. At the same time, Kemal appointed Riffett? General Bailay as Minister of Defense, Fevzi? Chukmak was appointed chief of the general staff, and asked them to reorganize the army in the shortest possible time, and do a good job in replenishing troops, deploying military supplies, and raising grain. Kemal personally went to the front and set up a general headquarters at the Boratler station. At the same time, the Greek army, which had won the battle of Eskisehir-Kuttahya, was also making plans for the next stage of the campaign, and King Constantine rushed to Kütahya to personally serve as the commander-in-chief of the Greek army.

23Ri, the Greek army of 75,000 men, armed with 300 cannons, 3,000 machine guns and a small number of cavalry, under the direct command of Constantine, launched an attack on the forward positions of the Turkish army east of the Sakarya River. Although only 55,000 men, 160 cannons and 280 machine guns were concentrated, the number of cavalry was more than 5,000, and the defense of the Sakarya River was relied on. The Turks felt that there was no way back and decided to fight the Greek army to the death here. The battle took place 100 kilometers from north to south, and soldiers on both sides fought with almost the same determination: the Greeks were fighting for the fulfillment of centuries' dreams, and the Turks were fighting for the survival of their people. At the beginning of the battle, the Turkish army soon found that the southern flank of the Greeks was extremely strong, and realized that the battle line was too long and extremely disadvantageous to the under-armed Turkish side, so they took the initiative to shrink the left flank, and the troops withdrew to a position only 50 kilometers south of Ankara to defend, and at the same time drew part of the troops from the western defense line to support the left flank that had become the southern front. Although the strategic intentions of the Greek army were discovered, they quickly seized the initiative on the battlefield by virtue of their numerical superiority. The Turkish army could barely support the powerful offensive of the Greek army, some lines of defense were broken through, and the connection between some positions was also cut off.

All the officers and men of the Turkish army fought bloodily and stubbornly resisted the attack of the Greek army, and the Chinese Empire saw that the Turkish army could not resist it, so it quickly delivered a batch of weapons and equipment to the Turkish army on the front line. With this batch of weapons and equipment of the Chinese Empire, the firepower of the Turkish army increased, and finally the Greek army became the last of the strong crossbows.

Kemal seized the opportunity and ordered a counteroffensive on the enemy's weak left flank. Jing's exhausted Greek army, caught off guard and unable to organize effective resistance, had to retreat south. Kemal then ordered a general offensive on all fronts, and by September 10, the Greek army was finally routed. The Turkish army pursued the victory, and on September 13, drove the Greek army out of the eastern region of Sakaria, and then crossed the river to pursue it in the direction of Eskisehir. Thus, the 22-day Battle of Sakarya ended with a complete victory for the Turkish army. The Grand Jirga, in recognition of Kemal's exploits, awarded him the honorific title of "Victor" and promoted him to the rank of marshal of the new Turkish state.

The Battle of Sakarya was the most important battle of the Greco-Turkish War. Its victory not only turned Ankara Zhengfu into peace, but also brought about a series of changes in the international situation in favor of the new Turkish regime. First, through the mediation of the Chinese Empire, the Treaty of Kars was signed between the Turkish Zhengfu and the Caucasus Zhengfu. In order to keep Greece and prevent the Chinese Empire from directly intervening militarily, France took the initiative to resume negotiations with Turkey, and in October the two sides signed the "Ankara Treaty", in accordance with the provisions of this treaty, the French army withdrew from southern Anatolia alone, and handed over the weapons, ammunition and munitions of two divisions to the Turkish army. Among the handover were 150 trucks, which was a great relief for the Turkish army, which was desperately short of means of transport.

At the same time, they followed the example of the French and sold military supplies to the Turks, and France and Italy withdrew from the intervention in Turkey, which not only ensured the security of Turkey's southern front and enabled Turkey to concentrate its forces against the Greek army, but more importantly, it politically showed that the alliance formed by the Western powers to carve up Turkey had been divided.

Due to the military defeat, the British were deeply disappointed in Greece, coupled with the pressure from behind the Chinese Empire, the Chinese Imperial Navy strengthened its inventory of the Aegean Sea and the Mediterranean, and successively imposed sanctions on British fire companies such as Armstrong and Tevez, forcing Britain's military to fail, and Britain stopped its financial and military assistance to it.

After the defeat of Sakarya, the Greeks retreated to the Eskisehir and Kuttahya lines, their morale was greatly weakened, and the loss of the support of the Entente led them to consider withdrawing from their adventures in Turkey. The Greek king Constantine feared that the immediate withdrawal of troops from Turkey would shake his prestige in the country, so he negotiated with Prime Minister Gunnaris about the only way to get Greece to withdraw from Asia Minor with dignity, and that was to take Istanbul. However, this idea touched the collective interests of the Chinese Empire and the Entente.

The Western bloc has always regarded the Straits region as a condominium of national luxury, Istanbul is not a city that can be taken away by the Western powers under some pretext, and after the war, the Chinese Empire also intervened and took a piece of the pie, Greece, as the loser of the local war, was certainly not entitled to occupy it alone, so Greece's request was refused.

In order to prevent accidents, France and Italy saw that the Chinese Empire was involved in Turkey, and they also sent troops to Istanbul, so the two countries also sent troops there under the pretext of making peace with Turkey. Turkey itself was also worried that it would be controlled by the Chinese Empire, so it hoped that other countries would also enter Turkey and fight against the Chinese Empire in order to achieve a state of balance.

Turkey's small calculations were very loud, however, a weak country had no power to influence the will of a strong country, and the influence of the Chinese Empire on the side of the Entente was much stronger than Turkey estimated.

The natural enemy of the Entente was always the Central Powers, so the strategy of destroying the Central Powers remained unchanged. Unwilling to sit idly by and watch Greece's complete defeat, they proposed to Turkey an armistice and peace talks between Turkey and Greece, the aims and means of which were the same as those of the London Conference during the First Greek-Turkish War, except that they were slightly more tolerant of Turkey in terms of peace talks, and at the same time increased the conditions of the Chinese Empire.

Out of strategic considerations, Turkey did not want the peace talks to break down immediately, so it kept putting forward counter-proposals, saying that consultations could be held in order to delay time and step up preparations for war.

After the Battle of Sakaria, the Turkish army did not take advantage of the victory to drive the Greek army out of the country, because the Turkish army was short of weapons and materials, and the number of troops was less than 100,000. Kemal knew that a premature counteroffensive would likely lead to failure, so he tried to achieve a diplomatic victory at the international level and actively prepared for war at home. After hard work, to 192? In the summer of that year, the national armed forces had secretly formed a new army of 200,000 men, with 2,983 machine guns, 442 cannons, and 120 combat vehicles, which were organized into 19 infantry divisions, 5 cavalry divisions, and one mechanized division, under the command of General Ismet, the commander of the Western Front. At this point, preparations for a major counteroffensive were almost complete. The Turkish counteroffensive plan was drawn up by Kemal himself, and the main points were: on the southern route, the main force would first clear the outlying strongholds of the Greek army, and then concentrate on attacking the right flank group of the Greek army in the area of Afyon-Karahissar and Domlubonar, and encircle its main forces. The mission of the Northern Route Corps was to break through the enemy's frontal line of defense and pursue as much as possible in the direction of Eskisehir and Bursa. In order to guarantee victory in the campaign, the pre-war preparations of the Turkish army were carried out in a state of extreme secrecy.

In the early morning of August 26, 1921, the counteroffensive campaign began. Commander-in-Chief Kemal, Commander of the Western Front, Ismail, and Chief of the General Staff Fivzi personally went to the Komantaipei Heights to exercise command. Under the heavy bombardment of Turkish artillery, the forward fortifications of the Greek army were destroyed one by one. After the artillery fire was prepared, the Turkish armored forces carried out a surprise battle, and the advanced weapons and equipment of the Chinese Empire were brought into play, and the steel torrent quickly broke through the defensive line of the Greek army, and then the Turkish infantry jumped into the enemy trenches to engage in hand-to-hand combat, while the cavalry outflanked the Greek army.

By dusk, the Greek positions had been breached, and the Turks took advantage of the victory to launch a swift attack on Afyon and capture the city in the following day. On the Eskisehill front, a Turkish corps also broke through the Greek defenses, forcing the Greek defenders to retreat westward. The Greek army was in a very disadvantageous position. Due to the hesitation of the High Command on the issue of evacuation and holding, the defense of the Anatolian front did not receive the attention it deserved. When the Turkish army began to attack, the commander-in-chief of the Greek army, Hajanistis, was not even on the front line, but was vacationing far away in Izmir. The Greek Zhengfu removed Hajanistis from his post and was replaced by Trekupis, the commander of the front corps, as commander-in-chief. By this time, the right flank of the Greek army was already in disarray under the offensive of the Turkish army, and Trekupis was practically unable to fulfill the duties of commander-in-chief.

On August 29ri, the Turkish army had cut off the rear route of the retreat of the Greek right flank group to Izmir, and the Greek army with 5 divisions was surrounded in the area of Dumlubonar. The Turkish army launched a strong attack under the command of Kemal, and most of the Greek army was annihilated, and only 8,000 men under the leadership of Trekupis broke out of the encirclement and rushed to Ushak. The terrain around Ušak was precarious, and Trekupis was preparing to establish a defensive position here to cover the retreat of the remnants of the Greek army towards Izmir. But the Turkish army did not allow the Greek army to have the slightest chance to breathe.

On 2 September, while Trekupis and his staff were planning a defense in the barracks, a Turkish cavalry suddenly appeared and captured all the personnel of the headquarters, and the Luchic army was completely defeated, and Ushak was recaptured by the Turks. The Southern Siege of the Route, commanded by Kemal himself, was so successful that it became known in Turkish history as the "Battle of the Commander-in-Chief".

After the Battle of the South Road, the main force of the Turkish army immediately divided into two routes, one to continue the pursuit to Izmir, and the other to the north along the railway, to cooperate with the Turkish army on the North Road to flank Eskisehir, and to eliminate most of the Greek 1 army stationed there.

In early September, Kütahya was also recaptured. The Turkish army continued to pursue the Greek army with high morale and tried to annihilate the invaders. The Turkish army of the Northern Route recaptured Bursa on September 5 and captured another 1 division of the Greek army at Mudania on the coast of Marmara. After that, one column of the army recaptured Baleksir to the south, and pointed straight at Chanakare, on the edge of the Dardanelles. The Turkish army of the southern route successively captured Alaşehir, Salehli, and other places, and occupied Izmir on September 9. A small number of Greek troops fled to the sea, crossed the sea and fled back to Greece with the help of the British.

By September 18, 200,000 Greek invading troops had been purged from Anatolia, and the black sée tablecloth, which had been placed on the table of the Presidium of the Loya Jirga as a sign of mourning since 1920, had been replaced by a green sée tablecloth in the years of peace.

When the Turkish army pursued the Greek army on the west coast of Asia Minor and approached the Black Sea straits, the Allies panicked. The British, on the one hand, were bluffing their preparations for war, and on the other hand, they suggested that Turkey suspend military operations. Kemal received assurances from the Chinese Empire to provide Turkey with a military umbrella and therefore ignored the intimidation of the British. As a result, the French had to disguise themselves as friends of Turkey and assure Kemal in their capacity as plenipotentiaries of all the Entente that Turkey would take back Eastern Seres without a fight, and Kemal agreed to conclude an armistice and ordered the army to halt its advance.

On October 11ri, the Turkish delegation, headed by General Ismail, and the Entente delegation, headed by the British General Harrington, signed an armistice in Mudaniya. In accordance with the agreement, the Greek troops immediately withdrew from Eastern Seres, and Turkish troops were stationed there under the guise of the "gendarmerie". Later, the loya jirga zhengfu sent administrative staff to eastern seres and istanbul, respectively.

At the end of October, the Entente extended an invitation to Ankara to convene the Lausanne Peace Conference, along with the Ottoman Zhengfu of Sudan. But the Sultans had become discredited for their betrayal of national interests, and the Loya Jirga passed a decree announcing the abolition of the Sultan system as of November 1, 1921. After hearing the news, Vahideudin escaped from the palace and fled to Malta on a British ** ship, and the Ottoman Empire came to an end.

On November 12, 1921, the Turkish delegation headed by Foreign Minister Ismet and China, Britain, France, Italy, Greece and other Entente countries participated in the peace conference held in Lausanne, Switzerland.

At the peace conference, Soviet Russia was invited to participate in the discussion of the strait issue, and Germany sent observers to attend the meeting. Negotiations were held on Turkey's territorial borders, war reparations, Ottoman debts, extraterritoriality, the straits and the ownership of Mosul. The meeting was a meeting for Turkey to end the state of war and re-establish diplomatic relations with Western countries. The Turkish representatives appeared as victors and argued with the colonial powers, engaged in serious negotiations.

After three months of hard work, Turkey, with the support of the Chinese Empire, finally signed a peace treaty with the Entente on July 24, 1922. The main contents of the Treaty of Lausanne were: Turkey renounced its ownership of the Arab possessions, Turkey and Greece were bounded by the Maricha River, the islands of Bozjada and Imroz were assigned to Turkey, the border between Turkey and French Syria was subject to the provisions of the Ankara Treaty, and Greece and Turkey exchanged nationals; the abolition of bilateral war reparations; abolition of financial supervision; removal of extraterritoriality; The strait is jointly managed by the International Management Committee chaired by the representative of Turkey, and the strait area is not defended in peacetime, and is open to all merchant ships and warships, but there are restrictions on the number and tonnage of each ** ship.

The Treaty of Lausanne still has many very harsh places for the nascent Turkish state, such as the Mosul oil field was finally assigned to Iraq and was actually controlled by the Chinese Empire, and the new Zhengfu shouldered the burden of repaying the old debts of the Ottoman Empire, especially the Turkish Straits were still under international condominium and demilitarized, so that Turkey's survival and survival were threatened for a long time, and it was not until many years later that Turkey completely nationalized the straits through active diplomatic efforts.

Overall, however, the signing of the Treaty of Lausanne remained a major victory in the history of Turkish diplomacy, and its far-reaching significance was that it showed the world that the Turks had defended their national integrity, territorial integrity and national sovereignty at the cost of their blood and lives, and thus freed themselves from the colonial yoke and crushed the Entente's attempts to dismantle Turkey.

However, the real winner of the Peace of Lausanne was the Chinese Empire. Because the Chinese Empire not only successfully thwarted the dismemberment of Turkey by the Western Entente camp, but also profited from both sides, obtaining the Cretan military base from Greece, the Mosul oil field from Turkey, and the Baku oil area from the defeated Armenia, in this way, the Chinese Empire actually controlled all the oil exploration and transportation in the Middle East, strengthened its control over the Baghdad railway, and pinched the energy lifeline of the Western world.

After the signing, the Entente began to withdraw its troops from Istanbul and the strait area. On October 6, 1922, the Turkish army, the victor of the Duli War, marched into Istanbul amid the cheers of the people. In 13ri, the Loya Jirga passed a law establishing Ankara as the new capital of Turkey, and soon proclaimed Turkey a republic, and a new chapter in the history of Turkey was opened.

The Chinese Empire then signed a Sino-Turkish security treaty with Turkey, under which the Chinese Empire had the right to station troops in Constantinople to protect the lines of communication in the strait, to station troops to patrol along the Baghdad Railway, and to open all Turkish ports to the Imperial Chinese Navy, and to enter and exit the warships of the Imperial Chinese Navy. In return, the Chinese Empire provided Turkey with a low-interest loan of 800 million dragon dollars to buy Turkish government bonds and stabilize the Turkish economy. Moreover, the Chinese Empire was responsible for the security of Turkey, and if Turkey was invaded by foreign troops, the Chinese Empire was obliged to send troops to assist in the defense.

The Sino-Turkish Security Treaty was an unequal treaty, but Turkey chose to accept it, mainly because Turkey was bullied and scared by the Entente, and the allied Germany did not help Turkey in the Second Greco-Turkish War, which caused Turkey to suffer aggression and almost lose the country, so Turkey preferred to sign the unequal treaty in order to get the military umbrella of the Chinese Empire.

The Sino-Turkish security treaty was opposed by some Turkish patriots, but Turkey claimed that the Chinese Empire was an ally of Turkey, and that the army remained on Turkish soil to fulfill its alliance responsibilities, arguing that as long as the Chinese Imperial Army remained on Turkish soil, no country would dare to invade Turkey. However, the majority of the Turkish people were suffering from the war and urgently needed a peaceful environment, so the overall favorability of the Turkish people towards the Chinese Empire increased.

In this way, through the Gulf War and the Second Greco-Turkish War, the Chinese Empire successfully turned Turkey into a military ally of the Chinese Empire, infiltrating a huge nail in Europe, West Asia, North Africa and the Middle East, and facilitating the subsequent global strategic deployment of the Chinese Empire