(I happened to write about Hanguguan, the source of Taoism, and many book friends posted before, criticizing this book for underestimating Confucian culture and insulting Chinese civilization, so I opened a chapter to take the opportunity to briefly describe the cultural structure of this book. Anyway, it's not on the shelves, and it's not a cheating word, whew)

Hangu Pass guards the throat of Cuihan, Hengling in the west, Jiejian in the east, Qinling in the south, the Yellow River in the north, the terrain is dangerous, the road is narrow, known as "the car is not on the track, the horse is not the same as the bridle". Whether it is to compete in the Central Plains or to forge ahead in Guanzhong, Hangu Pass has always been a strategic place for soldiers to fight.

The city wall of Hangu Pass is more than 40 steps around five miles, two zhang high, the city of Guancheng is grand and majestic, and the Guanlou leans on the golden diebi. The Taichu Palace, located on the right side of the gate of Hangu Kanto, is the place where the Taoist patriarch Laozi Li Er wrote the scriptures. According to legend, Yin Xi welcomed Lao Tzu to Hangu Pass, performed the teacher ceremony, and begged Lao Tzu to write a book for him, and Lao Tzu wrote "Lao Tzu" (that is, "Tao Te Ching") 5,000 words here. In order to commemorate this event, the descendants built a Taoist temple in the place where Lao Tzu wrote the scriptures, called "Taichu Palace".

Taichu Palace is a palace-style classical building. On the edge of the temple ridge and the eaves of the gable, there are rare birds and beasts such as unicorns, lions, tigers, chickens, dogs, etc., and they have both gods and shapes. The flying beams on the top of the hall are vertical and horizontal, the rafters are uneven, although the roof truss is complex, but it is a rule of its own, the temple is wide, there is no pillar in it. The history of the Taichu Palace was built in the Western Zhou Dynasty, and to the beginning of the Han Dynasty, advocating the study of Huang Lao, the natural incense is prosperous, and the tourists are endless.

After the founding of the Han Dynasty, the ban on Hangu Pass was lifted for a time, and the people only needed to hold the talisman festival to pass freely. However, since the rebellion of Wu and Chu, Emperor Jing restored the Hangu Pass and ordered the use of silk as a voucher to enter and exit the checkpoint. It is a voucher made of silk to enter and exit the gate, which is much more precious than the runes, and the number of people issued is very small, so the flow of people in Hangu Pass has decreased a lot compared to previous years.

Liu Che took the prince's concubines, Gongsun He and Li Danghu, along the mountain road, and slowly marched towards the Taichu Palace. More than a dozen guards followed them, pushing aside all the tourists who were within ten steps of the three of them. The mountain road is already narrow and difficult to travel, so that many tourists are affected, and they are in chaos, all of them are angry, but they dare not attack, so they have to secretly slander in their hearts, who is the gentleman, and it is so high-flying.

Liu Che shrugged helplessly, these dead soldiers didn't listen to his orders at all. Even if Liu Che goes to the toilet, they will strictly guard the surroundings. Now if you want to visit the Taichu Palace, which is crowded with people, it is naturally even more strictly guarded. In fact, more than 100 Yu Lin Wei had already explored the way first, and secretly checked all the suspicious people along the way, and there should be no mistakes.

Liu Che enjoys the treatment of the country/family leader/leader, to be honest, it is a bit cool. He is a person with a surname, and he disdains to pretend to love the people like sons and the hypocrisy of equality for all beings, and he will not risk his surname. Therefore, he did not interfere with the "disturbance" actions of Yu Linwei and the guards, and enjoyed the scenery on the side of the road by himself.

Traveling to the Han Dynasty for more than ten years, there was no Internet, no TV, Liu Che finally realized why the ancient emperors wanted to go out of the palace in micro-service, and even inspected the world several times. Now that Liu Che finally took the opportunity to travel once, he naturally wanted to relax and visit the so-called "source of Taoism".

When Liu Che stood in the main hall of Taichu Palace, looking at the statue of Lao Tzu riding a green ox, he felt a little emotional, a little confused and confused.

Taoism is a relatively peculiar school of Chinese philosophy, which is characterized by speculation. Its main concept is the Tao, which is the surname of Li. Lao Tzu's thought is broad and profound, rich in meaning, involving all aspects of heaven, earth and man, and has unique insights and wisdom in the fields of politics, economy, military, art, ethics, and health. The German philosopher Nietzsche believed that the Tao Te Ching is like an inexhaustible well, full of treasures, and it is easy to get it when you put down the bucket.

However, the Taoist concept of "ruling by doing nothing" does not actually meet the needs of imperial power in feudal society, but is very close to the concept of "small political axe" in Western countries in later generations. It can be said that the emergence of Taoism in China is an advanced concept, born in a relatively backward social system, and can only be replaced by a Confucian culture that is better at adapting to society and changing itself.

Just because Confucianism pays attention to etiquette, righteousness, honesty and shame, with a little transformation, it can easily distort the so-called three outlines and five constants, three obedience and four virtues, and the later generations of Confucianism pay attention to entering the WTO, pay attention to moderation, and call it sleek if it sounds good, and it is called wall grass if it doesn't sound good. It is precisely in this way that even the Central Plains Dynasty established by foreign clans is equally respectful of Confucianism, and the Qilu Kong family deserves to enjoy the honor of a thousand years.

The Confucian family of later generations, for more than 2,000 years, has always only seen the "death of the country", but not the "death of the country"!

If Confucius had been knowledgeable and saw that Confucianism had been made into such a miasma by these unscrupulous descendants, he would not have been willing to accept the name of "saint", poisoned by Confucianism, and left a legacy of disaster for thousands of years!

Liu Che deeply understood that the Confucian culture, which had been reformed and distorted in later generations, was the main culprit that hindered China's entry into industrial society. In order to develop industrialization, it is necessary to promote a scientific worldview, and the establishment of modern science cannot but mention "metaphysics".

Metaphysics is supreme in classical philosophy, the first philosophy. It is the basis for the study of the nature of the universe. Of course, some concepts have been overturned and perfected by later generations, but its core ideas are unshakable and play an important role today. It is precisely because of these concepts that many philosophers have placed the core of philosophy on the study of the most universal and general essence or co-existence of the unity of all things in the universe, and believe that it is the fundamental basis for the existence of all things. So, this science is the foundation of all the sciences that are studied. This is metaphysics.

The metaphysics of Western society originated from Aristotle in ancient Greece, while the metaphysics of the Chinese nation originated from the Taoism of Lao Tzu, which was more than 200 years earlier than that of the West. Unfortunately, however, perhaps it was the more stable ruling class in China, or perhaps because Confucianism was more vigorous, which stifled the development of the Chinese scientific worldview.

The Li Tang Dynasty, which was revered by later generations, ostensibly revered Lao Tzu, but in fact it killed the opportunity for the second evolution of Taoism and committed irreparable crimes against Chinese civilization! In view of the fact that Li Tang's ruling class contains barbarian blood, it is inconvenient to hold him accountable for his history, but there are too many people who praise the Tang Dynasty in later generations, and they can't help but spray it.

During the Wei and Jin dynasties, metaphysicians began to redefine Taoism, put forward the concept of "taking nothing as the foundation", synthesized Confucianism and Taoism, borrowed and absorbed Lao Zhuang's thoughts, and established a metaphysical philosophy with a complete system and abstract speculation. His critical research on the metaphysics of Yi Xue, sweeping away the rotten academic style of the study of Yi in the pre-Qin and Han dynasties.

In order to be accepted by the ruling class, it is to inherit and transform Lao Tzu's dialectical thought, use the concept of opposition and the method of distinguishing names and reasoning to expound the problem, put forward the political proposition of "ruling the people with the king", and demonstrate the inevitable surnames of "ruling the people with a few people" and "ruling the people with one".

At this time, Chinese-style metaphysics had taken shape, taking "nothing-based" as the highest category of philosophy, replacing the "Tao" of Laozi's philosophy, so that the development of ancient Chinese philosophy had truly entered the historical stage of the development of the surname Li. The epistemological and methodological philosophy developed with it began to be based on the establishment and application of correct epistemological and methodological philosophy to study, analyze and solve various political problems in the society of the times.

However, due to the tragic reality of the times, this kind of philosophy has not only played some positive influence on the establishment of literary and artistic theories, but has failed to exert its due historical influence and role in the ideology and politics of society. The Li and Tang dynasties openly respected Lao Tzu, but they still ruled the country with corrupt Confucianism and wantonly misinterpreted the Confucian and Taoist classics, resulting in the annihilation of all Chinese philosophical speculations. In order to ascend to the throne of God, Wu Zetian vigorously worshiped Buddha and completely changed the true meaning of metaphysics in the Wei and Jin dynasties. Subsequently, due to the defects of epistemology and methodology, the construction of Song and Ming theory had to rely on the epistemology and methodology of Buddhism, thus forming the characteristics of a hodgepodge of Song and Ming theory.

At this point, the rational surname speculation in China has been wiped out. In later generations, the Chinese nation began to lag behind the world, and it cannot be completely blamed on a certain dynasty, an emperor, or a queen mother. It's because the scientific worldview has not been built at all, and the so-called "mastering the skills of the master to control the razor", learning to make some guns, can reverse the decline?

In later generations, China really began to catch up with the pace of the world, but it began with "total westernization" and completely abandoned Chinese culture. It's ridiculous that some people who wear suits to work, eat KFC, and watch American blockbusters have the face to reprimand others for how they don't protect Chinese culture.

If thousands of years of Confucian culture then cattle? Why all the westernization?

The real answer is that Confucian culture has been misinterpreted for thousands of years, and Confucian culture is not the whole of Chinese culture at all. How did Confucianism, which eats alone, construct a perfect scientific outlook and world outlook?

Since the predecessors have exalted Confucian culture for thousands of years, it has finally proved that it does not work. Liu Che believes that at least we should try to continue to let a hundred schools of thought contend, at least Taoism should not be suppressed, because it is the most suitable school for the transformation of rational thinking. Taoist priests who pretend to be ghosts can make sulfuric acid and gunpowder in alchemy, and what can rotten Confucians do except for mouths/cannons?

As for the sense of national identity that later generations said, without Confucianism, there would be no sense of identity for the Chinese nation. Liu Che only felt that it was nonsense, Huaxia has had a sense of national identity since the Xia Shang Zhou, otherwise how could there be a distinction between Huaxia and barbarians? Why can't you identify with Taoism? The Mohists, the Legalists, and the hundreds of schools, there is always one that can be recognized, right?

Later generations of Confucianism is too domineering, since Dong Zhongshu made a false "exclusive respect for Confucianism", deliberately distorted the Confucian classics, the rotten Confucians really think that they stand on the top of the world, only Confucianism is respected, Qilu Confucius family even feels that they have taken a big advantage, greedy for wealth, and forget the classics, which is really annoying!

Liu Che shook his head, Huaxia under his leadership could not repeat the mistakes of the past. An open academic atmosphere and a more tolerant theoretical system are the first and most valuable essence of Chinese culture. If we can't change the stubbornness and arrogance of some academic schools, we will completely expel their leaders from the court and leave them to fend for themselves.

(Huhu, if it is biased, you can post to discuss, please skip if you don't like it.) This chapter is the third update of the week, and there are two more on Monday, so it won't be a boring discussion, huhu. ）

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