Chapter XXVII: The End of the First World War
One regiment a year, this is Chen Shao's starting line. Stimulated by the huge profits of daily chemical products, new clothing, and advanced medicines, the industrial development of Qinghe Village is very rapid. And if there is no absolute armed force to protect it, then everything can only be a wedding dress for someone else.
From the very beginning, Chen Shao had a firm belief that military development must keep pace with the speed of economic development. It doesn't have to be a lot of soldiers, but it must be powerful, well-trained, combat-tough, and well-equipped.
After more than a year of development, he finally saved enough belongings, a regiment and a reserve force of nearly 10,000 people. I have to say that in the past year, at least more than half of the huge profits of the Longteng Group have been smashed on army construction and military science and technology research and development.
Chen Shao got out of the car and saluted back, Chen Shao was just wearing an ordinary combat uniform today and no epaulettes. Turned around and looked at the thousands of people in the main square in front of the military academy, and walked in with satisfaction, looking forward to the first batch of students more, not knowing how many big fish they would recruit.
According to the regulations of the Chinese Military Academy, students who sign up will be provided with simple accommodation, and then the primary selection will start the next day, and the students who pass the primary selection will face the civil and military assessment in the next two days.
Looking at the crowded but orderly more than a dozen registration points, Chen Shao couldn't help but secretly say that the development of the army still depends on the continuous replenishment of blood by the military academy, and just the weapons and equipment are just making some paper tigers.
Just as he was about to turn away, an indignant voice was unusually loud.
"Why don't you let me sign up?"
The conflict was at the No. 1 registration point, although the students did not dare to watch, but they were all watching this side, and the soldiers who maintained order also quickly came over, and Chen Shao also walked up in an ordinary combat uniform.
"According to the regulations, applicants must have proof of residence, which we have already stated in the newspapers and when recruiting students in various places."
"Sir, isn't my name and place of origin written on it? You see, the name is Chen Gengpeng,. "That student has a temperament that is not quite the same as the student next to him, although he has no identity certificate, but he is neither humble nor arrogant, and he does not flinch, "I Chen Gengpeng Xing does not change his name or surname, and his background is innocent, but he has offended someone in his family, so he can't get an identity certificate." ”
"No, we can't take your word for it without written proof." The soldier in charge of signing up refused, saying that the rules of the military academy were like a mountain, how could they be violated at will.
"I swear by my personality! I really call Chen Gengpeng innocent, I just want to be able to study at the Chinese Military Academy. Chen Gengpeng's predicament has been pointed out by many students who are not doing their jobs, but he still replied with his chest open.
"Your personality? How many oceans is it worth? Count it as a bird, haha......" A gentleman next to him who looked like he didn't know how to learn or know how to laugh.
"Shut up, you can leave." Chen Shao suddenly walked in front of the gentleman who ridiculed Chen Gengpeng, "The military academy doesn't need you to hurt people and insult other people's personalities at will. ”
As soon as the gentleman's face was horizontal, he was about to punch someone, but then he saw two guards come forward, pointing guns at him murderously, and let him leave, and he was speechless and his legs were weak, so he could only let the guards leave with their arms crossed.
"Why do you have to join a military school?" Chen Shao turned around and asked the student named Chen Gengpeng, although the other party was a little surprised, he could still keep his composure.
"In this world, people who can't survive have many choices. Some chose to be bandits and plague the township, but I just chose a military school. There are some things that always need to be done by learned soldiers. Chen Gengpeng was very simple, shook his head with a wry smile and said, knowing that the other party was a great character, but he also estimated that he didn't have any drama this time, who let himself have no identity certificate. The military academy is not a drama troupe, not everyone can speak effectively, but it depends on military discipline and school rules, which he understands.
Chen Shao: "Give him a name first, if what he said is true and his origin is innocent, even if he passes." If what he says is false, even if he passes the exam, he will be disqualified from admission. ”
"Yes, Headmaster!"
"Thank you, Headmaster!" Chen Gengpeng's face was full of joy, and he also saluted a non-standard military salute.
"Well, I hope you won't let me down!"
After Chen Shao finished speaking, his mind surged and he left alone.
In the barracks, Chen Shao watched a group of soldiers doing a 10-kilometer obstacle course, felt the results of his night's hard work in his pocket, thought about it and said to Wang Xiaoshan beside him: "Xiaoshan, are you following me, or go down to lead the troops."
Hearing Chen Shao's words, Wang Xiaoshan was stunned for a moment, thought for a while and said, "I want to stay in the army, but I can't have no one around the commander to protect me." Hehe, Wang Xiaoshan, I don't need your protection now, and you don't know my skills." Chen Shao said with confidence." But..."
Before Wang Xiaoshan could finish speaking, he was interrupted by Chen Shao. There's nothing to do, I'll help you decide, you start picking out all the people with the most powerful tactical skills in the whole army tomorrow, I will greet Kong Wenhong and them, and ask them to cooperate with you to form a special force, you will serve as the commander of this army, and the best weapons in the whole army will be used by you first. How about it, do you have the confidence to do it well."" Yes, guaranteed to complete the task."" Well, this is a special forces training method, and you can also modify it according to your actual needs. I'm looking forward to your performance, and when you're officially in the army, I'll appoint you personally." Chen Shao said as he took out a booklet in his pocket. Wang Xiaoshan took the booklet and nodded vigorously.
-------------------
In 1916, the German Empire decided to turn the focus of the offensive to the Western Front again, trying to defeat France, the German High Command chose the French fortress of Verdun as the target of the attack, Verdun is the salient of the Entente defense line, the German army penetrates deep into France and Belgium, it is also a strong stronghold to Paris and the hub of the French front, the battle of Verdun is a typical positional war, a war of attrition, and nearly 1 million casualties on both sides. In order to balance the German army, the British and French forces broke out the Battle of the Somme with the Germans on the front line of the Somme River in early July of that year, and the battle was even more tragic. Although both German and British armies used tanks for the first time in this war, after a total of about 300,000 casualties on both sides, there was no major breakthrough in the war, and it continued until November of that year, when the Western Front again became a stalemate, but the Allies began to seize the initiative in the war.
In the spring of 1916, Russia mobilized three fronts with a total of 2 million troops to launch a counteroffensive against the German-Austrian army, and after a round of fierce fighting, both sides lost one million troops each, but the Russian army had more troops, so it forced the German-Austrian army to retreat and take advantage of the victory to attack the eastern region of Galicia. Romania also declared war on the Central Powers in August of that year. The German-Austrian forces then decided to attack Romania in order to seize oil and food supplies. As a result, the Romanian capital Bucharest soon fell, and the German-Austrian army occupied most of Romania
On February 24, 1917, U.S. Ambassador to Britain Page, received a Zimmerman telegram saying that if Mexico declared war on the United States, Germany would assist in returning the southwestern United States to Mexico, and the United States declared war on Germany on April 6 of that year. One of the main reasons for declaring war only on Germany and not on other allies was that Germany's naval submarines attacked indiscriminately, posing a threat to the US ** ships, and after getting the submarines provided by Chen Shao, Germany was even more unscrupulous, and after Chen Shao wanted Germany to deliver 20 submarines, he urgently ordered 30 more from Chen Shao, which made Chen Shao have to build a shipyard again and expand production capacity, and because the scale of German submarines was more than in the previous life, the United States lost 30 percent more merchant ships than in the previous life.
In April 1917, the French army launched a spring offensive on the Western Front, and the German army fought between Reims and Soissons, which lasted for a month, but the French army did not make progress after suffering 100,000 casualties, causing a commotion among the French soldiers. The war was stalemate again, and the French army was unable to defend due to internal turmoil, so the British army had to take charge of the defense of the Western Front. In the second half of the year, the equipment provided by the United States reached Europe, and the British army attacked on the Western Front, but after losing more than 1 million men, it was still unable to change the stalemate of the war.
Russia's own serfdom economy could not withstand the ongoing fighting on the Eastern Front, and as a result, its domestic economy collapsed, factories closed down, unemployment soared, arms supplies were extremely difficult, and soldiers were extremely war-weary. In the winter of 1916, various internal contradictions in Russia intensified, and the number of strikers in the capital Moscow reached more than one million, and as a result, the February Revolution broke out in March 1917 (February in the Russian calendar), and Tsar Nicholas II abdicated. But the newly formed Kerensky Provisional Government continued the war, but was again defeated by the German-Austrian forces. As a result, the Russian workers and peasants could not bear it anymore, and in November 1917 (October in the Russian calendar), Lenin, the leader of the Bolshevik Party, led an armed uprising, which overthrew the bourgeois regime of the Provisional Government and established the Soviet Government and the first socialist state, known as the "October Revolution". Lenin then signed the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk with Germany and announced his withdrawal from the First World War. It is of great historical significance, as it was the first victorious socialist revolution in human history and the birth of the world's first socialist state. Its victory dealt a heavy blow to the rule of imperialism, gave impetus to the development of the international socialist movement, inspired the liberation struggles of the colonial and semi-colonial peoples, and marked the beginning of modern world history.
Although Russia withdrew from the war, Germany's allies, the Ottoman Turkish Empire, the Bulgarian Empire, and the Austro-Hungarian Empire, sustained their wars, resulting in economic collapse and revolts among the various ethnic groups in the country.
Japan surrendered to the Allies in World War I, declaring war on Germany in order to gain German rights in Shandong, China, and to occupy Qingdao.
On the question of whether or not to participate in World War I and declare war on Germany, there were differences of opinion within the Beiyang government, and the struggle was fierce. In order to achieve the goal of the main battle, Duan Qirui called more than a dozen of his overseers to Beijing to form a "superintendent army" to exert pressure on Li Yuanhong, but it was unsuccessful; Later, Duan Qirui asked someone to write a declaration of war against Germany and asked the president to seal it, and Li Yuanhong reluctantly stamped the document in order to calm the turmoil. Even so, Duan Qirui was still not satisfied, and when the parliament was meeting to discuss, he interfered a lot, which finally touched the anger of the public. At this time, Duan Qirui's private borrowing from Japan was revealed. On May 21, 1917, Li Yuanhong ordered the removal of his premiership at this time, Duan Qirui angrily left Beijing for Tianjin, and pointed out that according to the provisional law, the president had no right to remove the prime minister, and did not recognize Lai's dismissal order. Because one side is the presidential palace and the other side is the State Council, the battle between them is called the "government dispute". After that, Li Yuanhong asked Zhang Xun, the head of the Governor Corps, to go to Beijing for mediation on June 14. After Zhang Xun entered Beijing, he supported the restoration of Xuantong. The incident was suppressed by Duan Qirui, and Li Yuanhong resigned from the presidency afterwards, and the presidency was replaced by Feng Guozhang. The dispute between the government and the court came to an end. The Beiyang government under Duan Qirui, with the support of Britain and France, joined the Entente and declared war on the Central Powers.
From August to September 1918, the German army lost another 150,000 men, more than 2,000 artillery pieces and more than 13,000 machine guns. The constant news of military defeats exacerbated the contradictions in Germany. In September, Hindenburg proposed in the German parliament that it should "end the war". However, the German High Command was still bent on using the remaining naval ships to fight a final battle with the British Navy. As a result, German sailors were unwilling to die, and an uprising broke out in the port of Kiel, which quickly spread throughout the navy and the whole country. On November 9, the November Revolution also took place in Berlin, the capital of Germany, and Kaiser Wilhelm II had to announce his abdication and flee to the Netherlands, and the German Social Democratic Party formed a provisional government and proclaimed the Weimar Republic. On 11 November, the Armistice Agreement on the Compiègne Forest was signed and Germany surrendered. The First World War, which lasted 4 years and 3 months, ended with the victory of the Entente.
After the war, countries convened a peace conference in Paris, known as the "Paris Peace Conference" (Paris Peace Conference). The major decisions of the meeting were presided over by US President Woodrow Wilson, British Prime Minister Lloyd George and French Prime Minister Clemenceau. While U.S. President Woodrow Wilson advocated leniency for Germany, France advocated severe punishment for Germany because of its vengeance. Therefore, the Peace of Versailles, the peace treaty signed between the countries and Germany, in response to France's demands, added extremely harsh clauses, imposing huge land reparations and arms limitation clauses on Germany. At the same time, however, the war criminals such as Kaiser Wilhelm II, Field Marshal Hindenburg, and General Ludendorff were not punished as they should be. The result was the foundation for Germany to provoke an even larger World War II 20 years later.
The First World War lasted for four years and three months, and more than 30 countries participated in the war, with a population of about 1.5 billion, accounting for 67% of the world's total population at that time. In dollar terms at the time, the direct economic losses of the participating countries were as high as $180.5 billion, and the indirect economic losses were also $151.6 billion. The wars took place mainly in Europe, where it is estimated that the level of industrial production in Europe was set back by at least 8 years.
However, in the First World War, Tsarist Russia (1547~1917), the German Empire (1871~1918), and the Austro-Hungarian Empire (1867~1918), which arose in western Asia, once expanded to southeastern Europe and northern Africa, and spanned Europe, Asia and Africa, were destroyed. [9] Nation-states in the Balkans and the Middle East followed, such as Yugoslavia, Hungary, and Iraq.
Britain, which was originally the world's financial center and world hegemon, although its territory increased after the war, its control over the territory was greatly reduced due to the huge casualties and material losses of the war, and its economy was also greatly affected by the war, and there was a serious recession, and since then its status as the world's financial center has been ceded to the United States.
The war weakened Britain, France, and Italy; The United States has become the world's number one economic power, and the world's financial center has shifted from London to New York; Japan also turned from a debtor to a creditor, and occupied Jiaozhou Bay and the Shandong Peninsula in China, which were originally in the German sphere of influence. From 1914 to 1919, the amount of paid-in capital of Japanese enterprises increased from 2.218 billion yen to 6.123 billion yen, and industrial productivity increased by more than four times. Its real industrial output increased by 1.8 times, and new and expanded enterprises centered on the export industry appeared**. The shipbuilding industry built 79 ships in 1914, totaling 82,000 tons, and in 1918 it surged to 443 ships, totaling 540,500 tons, rising from the sixth place in the world before the war to the third place.