Chapter 868: Dezong Lin Wenzheng asked right
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"In the past, I only knew that my Daqian founded the country with cavalry and archery, but I didn't know that my Daqian was as good as Western countries in the application of muskets, but the equipment was outdated, not as sharp as the West." Guangxu turned his head and said to Lin Yiqing.
"What the emperor said is extremely true." Lin Yiqing smiled and nodded, very satisfied with the intelligence of his emperor students.
In fact, Lin Yiqing only learned about the historical situation of the eight weapons and equipment of the Bo people not long ago.
The Bohai bow equipped by the eight strong brigades of the Great Qian, is a traditional bow with very good performance, the reason why it has been equipped until the middle of this century, in fact, has nothing to do with what "the conservative and backward **** bow and arrow of the nomads do not love firearms", he investigated the palace's "Old Files of the Bohai State" and knew that firearms, especially artillery, have always been the top priority of the army of the Bohai State, the predecessor of the Great Qian Empire, and it is in the order of the highest priority. If the physical strength is not suitable for drawing a bow and shooting arrows, use a three-eyed gun and a musket. Therefore, the real priority is that artillery is greater than bows and arrows than muskets, and the reason why the Bohai bow was superior to muskets for a long period of history from the beginning of the first two centuries to the beginning of the previous century was that it could continuously and intensively throw heavy arrows at medium and close ranges, which was very important for ancient armies. Lin Yiqing learned through the length and weight of the Bohai arrows in the "Da Qianwu Beizhi" that the arrows that are currently known to survive in the Shu Dynasty are basically not heavy arrows, so both the armor-piercing efficiency and lethality are greatly reduced. From this point of view. History ruthlessly eliminated the Kaiyuan bow and small bow of the Shu Dynasty. A historical opportunity was created for such a heavy bow as the Bohai Bow.
But. Firearms, especially muskets, although the comprehensive effectiveness (rate of fire, range, accuracy) in a certain historical period is weaker than that of the Bohai bow, but it is constantly developing, in the process of conquering the Dzungar Khanate, the Dzungar army equipped with the Zambalat musket has surpassed the old-fashioned bird gun of the cadre army in terms of accuracy and power, so the cadre army also urgently imitated the musket of the Junggar army after seizing it, and even became one of the main muskets for a time, and then because of several battles with the Russian army, the generals of the cadre army realized the lack of their own equipment. Vigorously develop muskets, so that the proportion of muskets in the cadre army continues to rise, especially the equipment of new muskets, occupy a very high share, at the latest by the middle of this century, when the musket in the rate of fire, firing range, accuracy has completely surpassed the Bohai bow, this bow type has basically withdrawn from the field of war, although the practice of shooting is still carried out as a respectable traditional skill in the Bohai and Mongolian eight parts, but as a weapon has actually become history.
"Since the benefits of muskets are far greater than bows and arrows, why does the emperor still want to practice bows and arrows from the ancestral system?" Guangxu asked again. "Why don't all my armies abandon bows and arrows and use muskets all?"
"The emperor asked well." Lin Yiqing replied with a smile. "The queen mother asked the emperor to practice bows and arrows from the ancestral system, so that the emperor could exercise his body and experience the difficulty of his ancestors in starting a business in the past. Our large cadre army is still practicing bows and arrows, and it is also for this reason, if it is a battle formation, it is all firearms, where bows and arrows can be used, but in the snow jungle, small teams or single sneak attacks and secret fights. β
"What Master Lin means, in the battle formation between the two armies now, bows and arrows are no longer used at all, is that so?" Guangxu asked again.
"That's true." Lin Yiqing nodded and said, "Today's Western strong army emphasizes discipline and collective cooperation, rather than individual combat skills and martial arts. The Western Army was equipped with muskets very early, not because the muskets of that period were superior to bows and arrows in terms of performance indicators, but because the muskets equipped with bayonets allowed them to take into account both long-range shooting and hand-to-hand combat, so that their advantages in organizational discipline could be fully exploited. On the battlefield, they were organized in a strict horizontal formation with companies as units, and a battalion or even a company was an independent tactical unit. This unit can independently be competent for all infantry tactical tasks such as attacking, holding, long-range shooting and white-knuckle combat, anti-cavalry, etc., and their superior commanders only need to deploy them in accordance with the established combat regulations, and adjust the distribution of troops according to the battlefield situation, and this tactical unit can be competent for all combat tasks. This type of all-round unit has an all-round adaptability to the battlefield, and there is no need to alternate musketeers and spear infantry like the Spanish phalanx or the Shenji Battalion in the front, taking turns to change positions. As a result, the flexibility and mobility of its formation far exceed that of the former. β
"Isn't the one-line long snake formation (straggler formation) more flexible than the three-stage phalanx?" Guangxu asked again.
"What the emperor said is very true. However, the rate of fire and range of muskets are still limited, and an army cannot rely solely on firearms to fight opponents completely in hand-to-hand combatβand of course it is impossible to use bows and arrows. Not to mention facing the galloping cavalry, using a long snake array in such a situation is tantamount to suicide. β
"I see." Guangxu understood.
"In the early days of the Western Army, the long snake array infantry needed a drum beat to control the pace when advancing, and it took half a minute to complete the formation every hundred steps. In fact, the emperor only needs to think a little to understand that a slight misalignment of the formation will not have the slightest impact on the density of firepower and morale when shooting. The purpose of the formation was to keep the line infantry in a tight formation to ensure that the whole force was ironclad. Their hand-to-hand combat was not a group fight, but a row of men holding rifles with bayonets poking and prodding forward. In the Battle of Rossbach during the Seven Years' War between England and France, the French army and St. Rome **** were disjointed during the change of formation because of the lack of strict formation, and were crushed by the Prussian cavalry at one time. The infantry that was scattered in the array was not combative, because their usual combat training was to stand in a line and stab forward. β
"It turns out that the use of muskets has so much to do with the array." Guangxu looked at the album given to him by Lin Yiqing on the table.
"The Emperor knew that in Europe at that time, the secret of training illiterate peasants for three months into usable line infantry was that they only needed to cultivate obedience to discipline through corporal punishment and high-intensity training, and then taught them the simplest and deadliest form of attack. In that way, when engaging the enemy in close combat, each soldier does not have to think about how to kill the enemy, but only follows the usual training. Poke forward like a machine. Or go fill in the place of a dead teammate. As for his personal safety, it is based on the strict discipline of the entire formation. As long as they can rely on discipline and will, they will not be broken through under enemy attacks. Their enemies have nothing to do with them. And once their front was breached, these soldiers were as completely vulnerable as peasants with no military training. Because they simply don't go it alone. The training they receive is all about teaching them how to maintain formation and discipline under the weight of external factors. Therefore, at that time, the army fought with the will, and whoever could endure huge casualties and maintain a tight formation was the ultimate victor. The side that is broken up first will be unilaterally slaughtered by the side that is neatly formed. Lin Yiqing continued, "Under such a premise, the superiority of the musket is revealed. Of course, some people will say to the emperor that archery troops can also be trained in this way. Equip them with both bows and spears for both combat and shooting duties. Of course, this is possible, both theoretically and practically, as was the case in the Spring and Autumn Period. Now, it is also possible to train the soldiers in collective combat ability and formation discipline according to Western tactics, and then teach them how to use bows and crossbows. But to do so would be to sacrifice the density of the front. Because unlike muskets, the formation of crossbowmen cannot stand so densely, and the modern hand-to-hand combat tactics inherited from the Macedonian phalanx are of course the denser the soldiers stand, the better. Or the emperor can also let them stand loose when shooting, and stand in a dense formation when fighting. This step is not difficult to do for a team of several hundred people, but it is very difficult to do under the pressure of the battlefield. Judging from the organizational composition of the army, only a professional standing army can have such a degree of training. This is a lot of trouble. What's more, bows and arrows require much higher physical fitness and health of soldiers than muskets, and it is much more difficult to train. Therefore, this assumption is not valid. No one in history has ever done this. The Macedonian phalanx in the history of Western Europe was constrained by technical flaws - there were no muskets and the rigidity of the formation was eliminated by the more flexible Roman phalanx. The Roman phalanx ceased to exist with the fall of the Roman Empire. In the millennium, there was no country as powerful as the Roman Empire in Europe, and the continent was dominated by valiant knights and undisciplined peasant conscripts. Until the beginning of the military revolution after the Thirty Years' War. And by this time the musket had developed to a certain height. At least it ensures that the bow and arrow will not be thrown too far in range and rate of fire. The presence of muskets met the needs of the new tactical system, and the bow and arrow were naturally obsolete by history. β
"Master Lin said it well, I understand it all now." Guangxu nodded, and then asked, "However, Master Lin, since I was very early in equipping a large number of muskets, not much later than the Taixi Kingdoms, why did I lag behind the Taixi Kingdoms later?" β
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[It's about to be 515, I hope to continue to hit the 515 red envelope list, and the red envelope rain will be able to give back to readers and promotional works on May 15. A piece is also love. Definitely good more! (To be continued.) )
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