In the face of the continuous provocations of the Tsarist Russian army, the Qing government strictly ordered the border garrisons of the three eastern provinces not to clash with the Russian army, and tolerated step by step. However, the Russian army is purposefully constantly creating friction and incidents, and it has to make inch.

Jiangdong 64 Tun, located at the mouth of the Jingqili River and the left coast of the Heilongjiang River, was developed by the military cantonment set up by the Qing Dynasty during the two battles of Yaksa, commonly known as Jiangzuo Qitun. People are accustomed to naming it after the number of tuns, so it is called sixty-four tun, and it is located in the east of the Aihui River, so it is called the sixty-four tuns in the east of the Aihui River.

There are more than 14,000 people living in Jiangdong 64tun, including 8,600 Han people, 4,500 banner people and 900 Daur people, a total of 1,266 households. In 1858, Yishan, the general of Heilongjiang in the Qing Dynasty, signed the unequal "Aihun Treaty" with Nikolai Nikolayevich-Muravyov, the governor of Eastern Siberia in Tsarist Russia, which stipulated: China and Russia are demarcated from the Erguna River along the Heilongjiang River to Haikou, the right bank belongs to China, and the left bank belongs to Russia, "the left bank of the Black Dragon from the south of the Jingqili River to the Hormol Jintun, the original Manchurians and others are allowed to live forever in their settlements, and they are still under the management of Manchukuo ministers and officials, and the Russians are reconciled and cannot be violated." Accordingly, the 600,000 square kilometers of territory north of Heilongjiang was assigned to Tsarist Russia, and only the permanent residency of the Chinese residents of Jiangdong 64tun and the permanent jurisdiction of the Qing government axe over these residents were retained.

After the signing of the Treaty of Aihui, Tsarist Russia stepped up its immigration to the left bank of the Heilongjiang River. Since the eighties of the nineteenth century, Tsarist Russia has pursued a policy of "yellow Russification" in the Far East, brutally exterminating the local indigenous peoples while moving in large numbers of Russians. With the increase of immigration, the demand for arable land has increased, but although the Amur Province has a vast area, most of it is forest, wild land and swampland, and only the coastal areas in the upper and middle reaches of the Heilongjiang River are suitable for cultivation. 1

In 1879, Tsarist Russia occupied the Duanshantun meadows and pastures. In 1883, it occupied more than 240 hectares of reclaimed land and more than 40 miles of wasteland. Under the encroachment of Tsarist Russia, the area of Jiangdong 64tun was reduced to about 140 miles in length and 42 miles in width, about 1,600 square kilometers.

In 1894, in accordance with the Sino-Russian Treaty of Yanjing in 1860, the Russian official Ma Chunin submitted a report on the complete settlement of the problem of "Manchurians on the banks of the Jieya River (i.e., Jiangdong 64 Tun)" and decided to cancel the jurisdiction of the Qing government axe over the residents of Jiangdong 64 Tun and the right of abode of Chinese residents in the territory. Before and after the publication of the Macunin report, the authorities of Amur Province of Tsarist Russia stepped up the pace of encroachment on Jiangdong 64 Tun. In 1894, Russian officers and soldiers took advantage of the First Sino-Japanese War to storm the patch tun, destroying more than 30 liquor shops, and gathering wine into a canal, causing losses of more than 3 million.

As the Tsarist Far Eastern Military Region issued an order to deliberately create friction, the Russian army even more brazenly created incidents, but the Qing political axe was stern and endured, and Tsarist Russia could not find an excuse to start a local war, so it intensified friction.

On April 15, 1896, the Russian officers and soldiers no longer only harassed the Han people, but began to move against the bannermen. They attempted to impose taxes on the pretext of investigating household registration, housing properties, and the number of six livestock. The Qing political axe Heilongjiang general Enze sent officers and soldiers to cross the river to protect the banner, but the Russian army forcibly disarmed them, which almost turned into an armed conflict. Then Enze crossed the river to negotiate, but was unreasonably detained by the Russian army.

Shoushan, the commander of Aihuidu, was furious when he learned that Enze was detained, some time ago the Russian army attacked and disturbed the flag people Tun had made him dissatisfied, and now the Russian army openly confiscated the weapons of the Qing army, and even seized the Heilongjiang general Enze, Shoushan was angry and mobilized his three battalions of horse infantry to cross the river, ready to forcibly ask for people.

When Shoushan led the Qing army across the river, more than a dozen Russian gunboats and torpedo boats blocked the river and prevented them from passing, and demanded that they be disarmed. Shoushan was agitated on the spot when he heard this, and refused to disarm. The two sides were tense and confrontational, and the more noisy and fierce they became, soon the conflict inevitably broke out.

A Russian ship suddenly opened fire without warning, causing heavy casualties among the Shouyamabu soldiers. Shoushan immediately withdrew to the shore and ordered the shore artillery to attack the Russian ships on the river, and a fierce battle broke out between the two sides.

Because of the detaining of grace, Shoushan is the supreme commander, he was angry and almost took out all his belongings to fight against the Russian ships, for a time the cannon roared on the river bank and filled the smoke, the two sides fought more and more fiercely, and soon killed the red eye, and the armed conflict continued to escalate. The two sides fought fiercely until late at night before they stopped, and the Qing army suffered more than 300 casualties, but they sank one Russian ship and severely damaged two.

It is precisely because of the deduction of grace that no one can stop Shoushan, which is also a well-designed game by the Russians, in order to turn the armed conflict into a local war, and then test the reaction of the Qing Empire before making the next step.

After the Jiangdong incident, the central government of the Qing court was shocked and frightened at the same time. Prime Minister Yamen hurriedly sent a note to the Russian Minister to China, Cuman, asking the Russian side to exercise restraint and that the Qing court would immediately begin an investigation. It was clear that the Russians deliberately provoked trouble, but the Qing court was too weak to blame the Russians, and instead condemned Shoushan to appease the Russians.

Seeing that the Qing court was weak, Cuman was very arrogant, shouting that if it was not properly resolved, it would lead to a war between the two countries. Of course, Cuman is also further testing the attitude of the Qing political axe.

After receiving Cuman's report, Kurbertkin believed that the Qing Empire was weak and could be bullied, and if he took the opportunity to send troops to create a fait accompli of annexing the territory of the Qing Empire, it would be extremely beneficial to Russia's expansion. To this end, Kurbertkin ordered the Amur Military District to dispatch a Tsarist infantry division to attack Heilongjiang in two directions, and the armed conflict escalated into a local war.

Tsarist Russia did not declare war, but it was not large, everything was under control.

After the outbreak of the conflict, the Qing court sent several telegrams to the three northeastern provinces: "The three provinces depend on each other for their lives, and when this time is difficult, they should contact each other, conspire with each other, and work together in harmony; Don't have your own opinions, which will lead to misinformation. ”

The Qing court transferred Fengxiang, the deputy capital of Aihui, the deputy capital of Hulunbuir, Yixing'a, and the deputy capital of Tongken, Qingqi, to control military affairs. Cheng Dequan, the alternate governor of Anhui Province, is the prime minister of the camp office. The north road battle guard Jiao Fengxiang presided, the west road battle guarded Jiao Yixing'a presided, the east road battle guarded Jiao Qingqi presided, and Cheng Dequan contacted back and forth.

Although Shoushan was condemned, the Heilongjiang general was detained, and no one in the entire Heilongjiang region except Shoushan was competent, so the Qing court ordered him to be in the middle of the dispatch, and if a certain aspect was tight, he would personally go to deal with it. Shoushan ordered all battalions to make up 10 percent of the troops, and asked Feng and Ji provinces to allocate guns and medicines. He rehearsed the troops and transferred the troops to the interior defense battalion to relieve the emergency. In the face of a strong enemy, General Shoushan did not have the slightest cowardice, but prepared to face the battle with confidence in victory.

On April 18, more than 10,000 Russian troops crossed the river under the cover of Russian ships, and the Qing army was at an absolute disadvantage in terms of the strength of the two sides. At the beginning of the battle, Aihui and Daheihe were lost one after another, and Feng Xiang died heroically after retreating to Beiling. Shoushan cried bitterly when he heard the news, and went to Beiguan to set up a seat for him and cried. He handed over the general's seal letter to Sabao's agent, and wanted to go to the former enemy to supervise the battle. Sa Bao strongly persuaded him, so he sent Cheng Dequan to Beidaling to meet the enemy.

At this time, the imperial court sent Yi and Li Hongzhang to negotiate with the Russian minister Kuman and ordered a truce. Cheng Dequan went to Beidaling to discuss the armistice with the Russian army according to the will of the imperial court, and the Russian army proposed to go to Bukui City (Qiqihar) to see Shoushan. In the face of the Russian army's obvious conspiracy to pass through Jingzhou, Cheng Dequan not only did not dare to say anything, but also openly ordered the front-line generals not to resist and give way to the passage, causing the Russian invading army to approach the city of Bukui.

Shoushan knew that the war was coming, and in order to prevent the people from dying, he first opened the city to let the merchants and people take refuge. On May 4, Cheng Dequan entered the city to see Shoushan and discussed peace with the Russian army. At this time, there were no defenders in the city, only more than 100 militia groups. At the moment when the war situation was "difficult to talk about", "difficult to defend and difficult to defend", and "difficult to retreat", and received an ultimatum from the Russian army and a truce telegram from the imperial court, General Shoushan thought that "he could not see the Russian army negotiate peace with him in person, and he did not want to cause unprovoked disasters to the residents of the city. He decided to show his contempt and resistance to the Russian army and the surrendering faction by martyrdom, and to realize his will to be loyal to the country and the nation.

On May 8, the Russian army arrived under the city one after another, and Cheng Dequan went out of the city to respond. On the morning of the 9th, the Russian army insisted on seeing Shoushan. Upon hearing the news, General Shoushan wrote a suicide note to the Russian general, asking him not to kill the residents. After writing, Shoushan cut himself.

On May 10, the Russian army occupied the city of Bukui and Heilongjiang fell.

However, the Russian army in the Far East had limited troops, and Kurbertkin did not dare to fight on a long line, so after occupying Heilongjiang, he ordered to stop the march.