In the spring of 1919, after nearly a year of preparation, Kolchak, the former admiral and now the supreme commander of the Russian Provisional Political Axe, led the 400,000 White troops assembled in the past year to launch a fierce offensive against the Volga valley controlled by the Russian Bolshevik regime.

At the beginning of the offensive, Kolchak, who had 400,000 White troops, went well.

After all, almost all the main forces of the Bolshevik regime at that time were fighting against the intervention forces of the Entente. And the Soviet Red Army in the Volga valley simply could not be compared with Kolchak's 400,000 White Army.

By the time reinforcements from Trotsky and Tukhachevsky arrived, the situation on the battlefield had suddenly changed.

First, the Red Army gained a foothold under the offensive of the White Army, and then generals such as Trotsky and Frunze began to direct the troops to launch a counteroffensive.

Although at sea, Kolchak alone can sweep Tukhachev's group, but now it is a land battle after all, and Kolchak's command ability as an admiral is not even one percent of Budyonny's, not to mention famous generals like Tukhachev and Frunze.

In addition, the Soviet Red Army led by Frunze and others was once part of the millions of gray cattle of the [European Steam Steamroller], and they had fought bloody battles with the German-Austrian forces on the Eastern Front, and their actual combat experience was by no means comparable to that of the 400,000 rookies under Kolchak.

Therefore, in less than a month, the 400,000 White Army led by Kolchak has turned from offensive to defensive, and in the end it looked like it was about to be defeated, and even the most elite infantry divisions were surrounded by the Soviet Russian Red Army under the command of Tukhachevsky, and they were completely annihilated in an instant.

Faced with such a situation, although Kolchak was unwilling, he could only choose to retreat.

As for those tens of thousands of elites?

Kolchak could only pray to God that they would be happy in the prisoner of war camp.

However, what Kolchak did not expect was that after the retreat of the Belaya River, the White Army led by him was actually slumped and retreated in front of the Soviet Russian Red Army.

Frunze's Red Army captured Ufa in June and then the Urals in August, and even Kolchak's elite 50,000 Czech troops were defeated in the Urals by Chabaev's 25th Red Army Division (Chabaev, also known as Shaboyan).

And unlike in history, in which Chabaev, under the command of Frunze, repeatedly repelled Kolchak's White Army on the Eastern Front, and was known as the hero Chabaev. On September 5, 1919, the division headquarters was ambushed by the White Army near Libyshchensk (later renamed "Chabaev" in honor of Shaboyang). Xia Boyang tried to swim across the Ural River to escape, but disappeared and was never found.

However, at this time, Chabaev did not disappear as in history, but successfully swam across the river, escaped the ambush of the White army, and became the most effective member of the pursuing army.

And after Kolchak finally retreated to Tobolsk, he found that the Soviet Russian Red Army, which had been suppressed by him on the Volga, was now chasing after him like a demon... Now, the troops are already under the city..."Ulla!! ”

With loud shouts, thousands of Red Army troops jumped out of the trenches and rushed towards the outlying positions of Tobolsk.

After defeating Kolchak's elite, the morale of the current Soviet Russian Red Army has soared, almost to the point of not being afraid of death. On the other hand, the morale of Kolchak's troops had fallen to the point of near collapse.

However, in front of the White Army, whose morale had fallen to the verge of collapse, the Red Army commanded by Frunze was quickly defeated in a storm of blows.

"It's strange, how did the firepower of this group of bandits grow so fast?!"

Seeing that the Red Army that rushed forward soon had to retreat, a Red Army general in the command headquarters said with some surprise.

However, hearing the general's words, Frunze on the side pouted.

"What's strange, it's not those Chinese who are messing around behind their backs..."

Through the telescope, Frunze could see clearly that among the soldiers who rushed up just now, many of them were shot indiscriminately, and many of them flew around, and some soldiers even simply stopped and interrupted.

Such a powerful performance is only possible with a 12.7mm caliber heavy machine gun.

And there is only one country that has such a terrifying firearm, and that is China... At the same time, the power of the 12.7mm heavy machine gun also reminded Frunze of the evaluation of the 12.7mm Makqin heavy machine gun when the nascent red militia clashed with the Chinese expeditionary force occupying the Volga River basin, including Volgograd, more than a year ago.

"If you are hit by 7.62 mm and do not die, it may be called a wound (minor injury or serious injury). Those who were hit by 12.7 mm and did not die can only be called disabled.

Those who were killed by 7.62 mm can be called corpses. Those who were killed by 12.7 mm can only be called residue. ”

Such an evaluation can be seen that the red militia at that time was afraid of 12.7mm heavy machine guns.

"But it's a little strange, I remember that the 12.7 mm Makqin equipped by the Chinese is surnamed Neng, which seems to be different from the heavy machine guns equipped by the bandits..."

When the Volga River line clashed with the expeditionary force, although because of the gap in equipment and training, the red militia at that time often suffered losses in the course of the conflict, and in some cases, a platoon was suppressed by a squad of the expeditionary force.

But those who were once gray animals, such as Trotsky, Tukhachevsky and Frunze, are definitely worthy of such an evaluation.

Although it is absolutely overkill to use these famous generals to exert their talents in skirmishes, the Red Army under their command still took advantage of several conflicts and slightly saved the face of the Soviet Russian Red Army.

In the course of these conflicts, although the Russian Red Army did not capture many new weapons such as the Type 18 submachine gun, which were not equipped in the expeditionary force, a few were captured such as the 12.7 mm Maxim heavy machine gun or the 8 mm Madsen light machine gun.

What's more, when defeating Kolchak's White Army, Frunze also captured a lot of weapons, of which in addition to the Mauser G98 rifle, which was almost a single shot, the rest were Maxim or Madsen.

Frunze and others, who regard China as an important threat, have also carefully studied these weapons after they have seized them, so they know the surnames of these weapons very well.

Therefore, in Frunze's view, although the machine gun equipped on the opposite side is definitely a large-caliber machine gun of about 12.7 mm, it does not seem to be the Maxim that the expeditionary force once equipped.

"It's weird..."

After the Russian Red Army, which had just rushed up, retreated, looking at the stumps left all over the battlefield, Frunze muttered a little strangely.

Of course, Frunze would be surprised, because the White Army was not equipped with the original Makqin machine gun, but the 1919 Type 12.7mm heavy machine gun just developed by the Sichuan Arsenal.

Hawkers, in the past, the Makqin machine gun equipped by the Wehrmacht was really good, and with a caliber of 12.7mm, it also had extremely great lethality. However, in the past, the caliber of the Maxim machine gun was 11.43mm instead of 12.7mm, and the design of the gun was based on the bullet rather than the original structure of the gun to match the more powerful bullet. Although the 12.7mm machine gun cartridge was only 1.27mm larger than the 11.43mm machine gun cartridge, it reduced the rate of fire from 600 rounds per minute to 450 rounds, and although the 12.7mm caliber also allowed Maxim to destroy some of the simpler fortifications, the low rate of fire also reduced the M2's support firepower.

After all, there were very few countries equipped with machine guns on a large scale in China and neighboring countries at that time, not to mention the 8mm caliber Madsen machine gun that was used in conjunction with Makqin at that time.

It's just that during the Shandong Campaign, the shortcomings of the lower rate of fire of the Makqin machine gun were exposed.

So naturally, the army asked the domestic arsenal at that time to design a new type of heavy machine gun.

Due to the fascination with the power brought by the 12.7mm caliber, the army's requirements are the same 12.7mm ammunition as in the past, the effective range must exceed 2000 meters, the maximum range must exceed 6000 meters, the total weight must not be higher than 60 kg (including the rear of the gun carriage), and most importantly, the rate of fire of the machine gun must not be less than 600 rounds / min while ensuring stability.

As for the requirements of the army, several relatively large arsenals in other aspects can easily meet them, but there are some problems in terms of rate of fire. Therefore, from 1915, the Sichuan Arsenal, the Northeast Arsenal and other large arsenals began the development of new heavy machine guns.

In the end, it took four years to finally develop a new type of heavy machine gun that meets the requirements of the army, that is, the 1919 type 12.7mm heavy machine gun used by the White Army.

The heavy machine gun uses 12.7×99 mm, a total length of 1653 mm, a barrel length of 1143 mm, a muzzle velocity of 930 m / s, a rate of fire of 600 rounds / min, an effective range of 2000 meters, a maximum range of 7300 meters, a water-cooled heat dissipation device, and a bullet supply method of bullet chain.

A hydraulic shock absorber was added to the gun to absorb excessive barrel recoil, and the flow of oil inside the hydraulic shock absorber was adjustable, and the rate of fire was variable with the flow. In order to prevent misfire, the rear resistance iron is added, and in order to facilitate two-handed operation, a two-handed grip is installed behind the receiver.

In addition, the gun can also be used as a high-level dual-purpose machine gun, and can also be installed on cars or armored vehicles, and even on airplanes, so it is definitely higher than any machine gun in service.

However, because it is a newly developed machine gun, although the surname can be prominent, the army is still somewhat skeptical about the reliable surname. Therefore, when Kolchak began to retreat and urgently asked for support from the national social axe, the army transported more than 100 Type 19 heavy machine gun transport planes that had been produced to Kolchak through several large airfields along the way.

I want to use Kolchak's hand to test what the surnames of these new machine guns can be.

After all, only the battlefield is the best testing ground.

What's more, both the user and the test subject are Russians, and you can earn a lot of [cash] by sending the machine gun over, so why not do it... So, outside the city of Tobolsk, the scene just happened.

Although the Type 19 heavy machine gun has only revealed a little surname ability so far, in the eyes of the [***] officials watching the battle in the city, it is already a very good weapon with a surname Neng.

"At least it's much stronger than the original Makqin..."

After seeing the performance of the Type 19 heavy machine gun, an officer from a machine gunner commented.

In fact, in addition to the Type 19 heavy machine gun, there is also a Type 19 squad machine gun that has also begun to enter service with the Wehrmacht. The Type 19 squad machine gun was created to replace the Madsen light machine gun, which had been in service with the Wehrmacht for many years.

Hawkers, Denmark production of the Madsen machine gun is the world's first mass-produced practical light machine gun, from 1905 to 1950, Madsen machine guns are mass-produced to equip the country and export, there are no less than 36 countries equipped with Madsen machine guns, and in armed conflicts around the world are widely used, and until the 21st century, Madsen machine guns can still be seen.

In 1904, the Danish army was officially equipped with the Madsen machine gun, and many European countries also rushed to buy and use it, such as Austria-Hungary, France, the Netherlands, Finland, the United Kingdom, Russia, Sweden, Portugal and some other places, and some countries in South America and Asia have purchased and used, especially in Latin America, with quite a lot of customers.

In more than fifty years of production, the Madsen machine gun has been produced in more than ten calibers, from 6.5mm to 8mm, and there are a large number of different variants, and a variety of accessories. The earliest model of the gun was caliber 8×58R Kragg, which is the caliber of rifles used by the Danish army, and the neighboring countries of Norway and Sweden to the north of Denmark also had a caliber of 6.5mm. The German-equipped Madsen had a caliber of 7.92mm (except for those used in some seizures), and China ordered a caliber of 7.92mm. The Russians were armed with 7.62x54R, the Dutch East Indies Army used the same 6.5mm caliber as the Hemburg rifle, the British ordered the .303 Enfield caliber, and in Latin America most of the .30-06 or 7mm Spanish calibers, but there were other calibers, in short, the Madsen machine gun produced almost all the military rifle caliber models at that time.

The automatic principle of the Madsen machine gun is more special, it is a long recoil of the barrel, the barrel retreats with a large stroke (longer than the length of the bullet), and the automaton has a longer round-trip time, so the rate of fire is slower. The locking mechanism is a bolt swing type, which is derived from the Martini rifle. Despite the obvious complexity of the structure, the abundance of parts, and the fact that the reloading route of the bullets was curved and prone to problems, the fact that Madsen was of high quality, worked fairly reliably, and had a low failure rate (in stark contrast to a machine gun in the sun).

When firing, the barrel recoil to rotate the receiver, move the bullet to the left to the inlet, and then push the chamber by the pusher. The shell removal mechanism is a shell type, and the barrel retreats so that the lower end of the shell collides with the receiver shell surface to produce a rotation, and the upper end pulls out the cartridge case from the chamber and slides out of the gun from below. The barrel and bolt are always connected in motion, but the direction of movement is inconsistent. The curve groove on the receiver guide plate controls the bolt to swing up and down to complete the opening and locking actions.

The rate of fire varies from model to model, but it is generally on the low side. For example, the theoretical rate of fire of the .30-06 Madsen machine gun was 400 rounds / min. The 7.92mm Madsen machine gun has a theoretical rate of fire of 500 rounds per min. The firing mechanism is a hammer rotary type, with a fast and slow machine function, and the manual safe/fast and slow handle is in front of the left side of the trigger retainer.

The Madsen machine gun has high shooting accuracy and reliability, but the main disadvantage is the high cost of production, of course, the cost alone is nothing, because today, after large-scale industrialization, Madsen's little cost can still be afforded.

The key is that Madsen's rate of fire is too slow, when using 8mm machine rifle rounds, Madsen's rate of fire is only 500 rounds per minute, considering that the Lewis machine gun that the British have been equipped with has a rate of fire of 550-750 rounds / min (Lewis has a rate of fire adjustment device), the army feels that Madsen can retreat to the second line to retire to the second line to retire for the rest of his life.

Of course, the Army's requirements were not high at first, it was only that the new machine gun was light enough and had a higher rate of fire than the Lewis machine gun, and as for the caliber, considering the large number of Madsen machine guns retained by the Wehrmacht, the caliber was tentatively set at 8mm.

Since the number of equipment of the new machine guns will be much higher than that of the Type 19 heavy machine guns, there is a lot of interest in several major arsenals. However, at this time, Yan Guang also unexpectedly mixed in.

That is, to develop a new machine gun that meets the requirements of strict light at its own expense.

At that time, neither the army nor several other arsenals paid attention to Yan Guang's so-called new squad machine gun, and then... Since the development of the new machine gun went smoothly, in 18 years, the army began to test samples produced by several arsenals, and began to select the models of interest from the samples.

However, at this time, a new type of squad machine gun developed by Yan Guang with funds appeared.

This new machine gun, named the Type 19 squad machine gun, has already amazed everyone when it first appeared.

The weight of about 10 kilograms is only about a kilogram heavier than the previous Madsen machine gun, but this new machine gun with air cooling and heat dissipation device has the same caliber as Madsen 8mm, and the ammunition supply method can be used in both the chain and the drum.

In terms of rate of fire, the theoretical rate of fire of the Type 19 squad machine gun has reached an astonishing 1200 rounds / min. However, this is only the theoretical rate of fire, and the actual combat rate of fire is only a little more than 200 rounds per minute, but even then it is a remarkable number.

Of course, the high rate of fire also poses a big problem, that is, if you continue to fire for a long time, the barrel can easily overheat. As a result, the barrel of the Type 19 machine gun is designed to be easily replaced, taking 7 seconds for a new hand and only 3 seconds for a skilled hand, so the barrel can be quickly replaced even if the barrel is overheated during combat.

However, in the event of an emergency, if you don't consider the life of the barrel, you can wait until the barrel breaks.

At the same time, the trigger design of the Type 19 squad machine gun is unique, there is a double semi-circular trigger in the trigger guard, the upper semi-circular type is semi-automatic mode, and the lower semi-circular type with a push-type safety trigger is fully automatic mode, so to some extent it also avoids the phenomenon of wasting ammunition and overheating the barrel.

Although the surname of the Type 19 squad machine gun can be called amazing, this does not mean that it is without flaws. In fact, the Type 19 squad machine gun is still inferior to the Madsen light machine gun, and the high rate of fire also brings ammunition supply difficulties, after all, the rate of fire of 1200 rounds / min has exceeded twice the rate of fire of other light machine guns of the same period.

At the same time, the production of the Type 19 shift machine gun required a long man-hours, and the production of a Type 19 shift machine gun required 150 man-hours. In addition, 49 kilograms of steel were needed to be drilled to make a 12-kilogram Type 19 shift machine gun, and a lot of steel was wasted in the production process.

However, the flaws are not concealed, and the Gao surname of the Type 19 squad machine gun is still favored by the army.

And although the production cost is relatively high, it cannot be higher than the Madsen machine gun.

Although it has been localized for many years, because of the complex structure of the Madsen machine gun and too many parts, the cost of each machine gun is still as high as more than 400 silver dollars, and the production cost of the 12.7mm caliber Maxim machine gun is only more than 800 silver dollars.

Although the production cost of the Type 19 squad machine gun was high, it was still not comparable with Madsen.

What's more, the Type 19 squad machine gun can not only be used as a suppressive weapon, but also as an anti-aircraft machine gun, and can also be installed on vehicles, which is not much different from the general-purpose machine guns of later generations.

Therefore, although there were several other models of machine guns as candidates at the time, the Army ultimately chose the Type 19 squad machine gun as a replacement machine gun for the Madsen light machine gun.

―――――――――― Frunze's possession of the Type 19 heavy machine gun did surprise Frunze, but the outcome of a war rarely changed by a single weapon. The role of equipment is indeed very important, but if the weapon victory theory is really effective, it will not be TG that will rule China in the future.

In addition to weapons, the command ability of officers, the combat quality of soldiers, the morale of the army, and logistics are all very important links in war.

And Kolchak's White Army, except for the first one, almost all of the rest did not have it, so the outcome of the war was decided from the very beginning. What Kolchak is doing now in Tobolsk is nothing more than a death throes.

What's more, there are only more than 100 Type 19 heavy machine guns in Kolchak's hands, and if more than 100 heavy machine guns can change the outcome of the war, it will be a big joke. Besides, Frunze also has more than a thousand mortars in his hands.

Therefore, although he suffered some losses on the first day of the battle, within a few days, Frunze had already regained face on the battlefield.

The prototype of the ――――――――――19 heavy machine gun is the M2 heavy machine gun of the US army.

The prototype of the Type 19 squad machine gun was the German MG34 general-purpose machine gun.

Although there is no need for a machine gun with a high rate of fire such as MG34 or MG42 in modern warfare, there is no doubt that MG42 is the most excellent machine gun in World War II~ And unlike Germany, China does not need to worry about ammunition consumption.

(To be continued)