Chapter 102 Land System

Since Taizu conquered the country, he formulated the idea of governing the country with literature, which has always been the mainstream idea of the Zhao family to govern the country. The founding emperor of the Song Dynasty in view of the dominance of the five generations of warriors in the late Tang Dynasty, in the political system of "taking the Tang Dynasty as a mirror", "guarding the inside and outside", "strong cadres and weak branches", which made its politics gradually tend to be moderate, and the rule of culture in the people (this should be distinguished from the "army"), from this level, even in modern times, it is still the mainstream, it is with the idea of governing the country as the mainstream, the political environment of the Song Dynasty is relatively enlightened.

From ancient times to the present, who was not a ruler at the beginning of the dynasty who was not a person with a heart of murder? None of the heroes who have worked together in ancient and modern times have survived, and they cannot escape the fate of the cunning rabbit and the death of the lackey. Liu Bang, the founding emperor of the Han and Tang dynasties, killed Han Xin, Tang Gaozu Li Yuan got rid of Liu Wenjing under the pretext of getting rid of Liu Wenjing, and Zhu Yuanzhang, the Taizu of the Ming Dynasty, almost killed the founding heroes.

And the Song Dynasty was definitely an exception. Taizu is virtuous, although he was born as a martial artist, he does not use violence to control violence, and made an oath of "swearing not to kill the doctor", which is absolutely unprecedented. The emperors of the Song Dynasty took this as a precept and did not dare to violate it, and under this traditional policy condition, the Song Dynasty's political enlightenment and freedom of speech had reached an unprecedented level. Under such a political system, both the economy and culture, as well as people's living standards, have reached the peak of feudal society.

None of the large-scale peasant uprisings of the Song Dynasty exceeded the confines of a single province, which was very rare in all dynasties, and it was enough to prove the relative stability of its society.

However, there are pros and cons to everything, and the long-term rule of the country with literature has also led to the decline of military power, and generations of emperors have basically adopted the idea of "giving up small money to protect the big country", blindly retreating, and eventually leading to the Song people being content with pleasure, which was completely destroyed by the powerful Mongolian iron cavalry.

If Qin died in harsh government, Han died in war, Sui died in military service, and Tang died in secession, then Song died in comfort.

As I came to the Song Dynasty for a longer and longer time, my analysis of the Song Dynasty naturally became more and more objective.

I can venture to say that the Song Dynasty was actually on the eve of a move towards capitalism. If there ever ever been an opportunity in Chinese history to develop capitalism, then I think it must have been the world depicted in the "Qingming Riverside Picture", not the mechanics waiting for their employers on the Suzhou Bridge.

It's a pity that this bud that has just sprouted has been blown away by the cold wind blowing from the north!

Of course, by the end of the Song Dynasty, the Zhao family's family was basically empty, the regional population had decreased sharply, the treasury was gradually empty, the bureaucratic system was unbearable, the emperor was more and more mediocre, and its opponent was the most powerful Mongolian iron cavalry in history, these signs were the same as those of the previous dynasties.

The only difference is my appearance.

In the heyday of the Song Dynasty, the huge financial revenue obtained by the state treasury was not only by aggravating the exploitation of the peasants, but the rapid development of the national economy, the extreme prosperity of industry and commerce, and the improvement of the level of productivity. However, in the last years of the Song Dynasty, it had to rely on the Gongtian Law to raise military expenses, which cannot but be said to be a serious retreat and sorrow.

I can only face this calmly, and I can't cross forward again.

With regard to land policy, the Song Dynasty adopted a land policy that was very different from that of other dynasties -- "no suppression of annexation," which can be said to be the earliest market economy in the world. With the trend of the bureaucratic system, the monopolist of land resources, the bureaucratic landlord class, was formed, and they did not acquire a large amount of land by legitimate means, but by privilege, which caused extreme injustice.

After careful consideration for two days, I decided to first formulate a program document for land reform, and then start the trial implementation from Fujian Road, where the land has been measured.

According to my will, Xiao Qi preached loudly at the end of the great court meeting in early May: "Xuantai Shi Jia Nidao, Jiang Wanli of the Ministry of Commerce, Liao Yingzhong, Ma Tingluan of the Ministry of Rites, Ma Guangzu of the Ministry of Households, Ye Mengding of the Ministry of Officials, Zhu Pisun, Tang Han of the Ministry of Industry, Chen Zongli of the Criminal Department, Wen Tianxiang of the Chongzheng Palace, Lu Xiufu, after the court meeting, he went to the side hall to wait for the decree. ”

I asked Xiao Qi to bring chairs, let everyone sit down, and said: "Everyone, Aiqing, you are all the pillars of my dynasty, I called you here today to discuss with you the land system of our dynasty." Xiao Qi, serve tea to everyone. ”

Except for Jia Yidao's calm face, the rest of the people looked flattered, and after sitting down, they hurriedly drank Shifeng Longjing, and said in unison: "Your Majesty Xie." ”

You must know that it is impossible for the ministers to sit down and drink tea during the last court, even in the side hall, this is the first time in the world.

I got straight to the point: "I plan to re-establish a complete set of land policies on the basis of the Public Land Law, and refine the land system into a land ownership system, a land use system, a land planning system, a land protection system, a land acquisition system, a land tax system, a land management system, and a land supporting system. First of all, I will talk about the land ownership system, at present, there are two kinds of land in our dynasty: state-owned official land and private land, of which the land ownership rate of official land is about 20%, the land ownership rate of the large landlord class is about 70%, and the land ownership rate of ordinary farmers is about 10%. My idea is to allocate a certain amount of land to the peasants according to the number of registered peasants, the ownership of this part of the land belongs to the peasants, and the imperial court only extracts a very small amount of taxes or does not collect them at all, and this kind of peasants' own land can ensure their basic life without worry, if they have enough time and energy, they can rent land from the official field department, of course, the tax on this part of the land will be higher. The same is true for the landlord class, who own a large amount of land, and who have to pay more land tax on the excess part of their family in proportion to the excess, and if they cannot afford to cultivate so much land, then they can sell their land to the imperial court, so that the forced repurchase of the public land law can become their voluntary behavior. For the displaced people, the local government will handle the household registration for them as soon as possible, and they will also enjoy the land distribution of our dynasty. The use of this part of their own land was entirely up to them, and the imperial court was not allowed to interfere. The ownership of the leased land for cultivation still belongs to the state, and the peasant can enter into an agreement with the imperial court, either for a short term or for a long time, and this agreement is protected by the laws of our court. What do you think about this? ”

Ancestor Ma Guang, the head of the household department, said: "Your Majesty, the minister has three questions. First, can peasants' own land be bought and sold? The second question is whether peasants can also lease from other landowners, rather than renting official land. Third, how much is the appropriate ratio between state-owned and private? ”

"Since it is their own land, of course, they can buy and sell it freely, but once they sell their own land, the court will no longer distribute it to them without compensation. The second point is also possible, the farmers are free to choose, and their agreements are also protected by the law, but if the tenant they choose goes bankrupt for any reason, the government will not compensate for the losses they have suffered. ”

Liao Yingzhong asked: "Your Majesty, if the land in the hands of the big landlords is not leased and cultivated, will it lead to waste?" ”

"There is a possibility, but even if the land is idle, there is still a land tax, and those landlords who own a large amount of land will pay even more than the value of their purchases, and I think that these landlords will generally not let it be vacant for a long time; Second, relevant regulations will be introduced in the land use system and management system to prevent land abandonment. ”

Jia Rudao also said: "Your Majesty, the old minister has a suggestion. ”

"Master, please speak."

"The land reform involves too much, when the old minister can only try it out on the west road of Liangzhejiang, His Majesty's reform is better than the public land law, the old minister thinks that it cannot be implemented in the whole country at once, and then gradually promoted to the whole country after the trial on a certain road."

"The words of the master and the minister are very true, my thoughts are the same as those of the master, so when the conditions are ripe, I will try it out from Fujian Road."

"Fujian Road? Right. Jia Rudao smiled.

"The above is my vision for the land ownership system, what are your views and additions?"