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Since the Sino-British War, the Chinese Imperial Navy has dominated the world for 30 years. Pen? Interesting? Pavilion wWw. ｂiquge。 ｉｎfo╔╗

In the past 30 years, no navy has been able to challenge the Imperial Chinese Navy, including the once unprecedentedly powerful U.S. Navy, which has only ended up in ashes. The Imperial Chinese Navy thus established its supremacy in the world's seas and enjoyed a period of calm for thirty years.

However, with the coming to power of Hitler, after Germany's annexation of Austria-Hungary and the great victory of the Polish War, in order to further expand its influence in Europe, the Mediterranean, and the Atlantic region, Germany launched a large naval expansion plan that shocked the world, and by 1939, the German Navy had four Hindenburg-class ultimate battleships and two Bismarck-class super battleships, and four Hindenburg-class and two Bismarck-class super-battleships were under construction on the slipway. Hundreds of other warships and submarines of various combat purposes were being built on a large scale, and the aggressive expansion of the German Atlantic Fleet and the Mediterranean Fleet in these areas seriously threatened the interests of the Chinese Empire.

On the other hand, in order to resist the expansion of the German navy, Britain has also built a powerful naval force, including four British ultimate battleships, four Queen Elizabeth super battleships have been commissioned one after another, more than 22 capital ships are under construction, and hundreds of various auxiliary small and medium-sized ships and submarines.

Although the massive expansion of the British Navy was a threat to the German Navy, any powerful naval fleet was a threat to the Imperial Chinese Navy.

Because of the world economic crisis, the Chinese Empire, which was slightly ashamed, concentrated most of its naval forces in the Pacific Ocean, and the Mediterranean Fleet and the Great West forces deployed in Europe were very weak. Less irritating the European powers. However, as the German navy continued to grow, the British and German navies gradually lost to the German navy in fierce battles in the North Sea, the Mediterranean, and the Atlantic. However, the nuisance incidents of the German navy to the merchant ships of the Chinese Empire were gradually escalating, and the confrontation situation with the escort warships sent by the Chinese Imperial Navy to transport arms in the Atlantic, Mediterranean, and North China Sea quickly took shape, and the German navy grew stronger and stronger, and the hostility between the two sides became more and more serious.

During the Polish War, the Chinese Empire exported arms and supplies worth a total of 230 million dragon coins to Poland, and escorted the warships of the Chinese Imperial Navy into the Baltic Sea, which touched the sensitive nerves of the German Navy and broke out into many military confrontations. And the duration of each confrontation is increasing, the longest being the Faemo Strait confrontation. Two destroyers of the Ninth Detachment of the Atlantic Fleet of the Imperial Chinese Navy confronted a cruiser and a destroyer of the Baltic Fleet of the German Navy, and the Imperial Chinese Navy demanded that the German Navy give way, and the German Navy demanded an inspection of the merchant fleet of the Chinese Empire, which was carrying more than 200 tons of weapons and military supplies, which had been confirmed by the German OKW intelligence service, so the German Navy resolutely intercepted them.

Subsequently. The Second and Ninth Fleets of the Atlantic Fleet of the Imperial Chinese Navy departed from their bases in Ireland and crossed the North Sea into the Baltic Sea. More than 30 warships rushed to help. The German Navy also sent the main force of the Baltic Fleet, and 11 warships from the German High Seas Fleet rushed in, and a seven-day military confrontation broke out between the two sides. It almost went wrong and caused a war.

It was not until the Chinese Imperial Government issued a strong statement to Germany that the merchant fleet was a humanitarian aid to Poland and that the German Navy was forbidden to board ships for inspection. If the German Navy does not let it go, the Imperial Chinese Navy will take the necessary military action to defend the majesty of the Imperial Chinese Navy and protect the humanitarian position of the Polish people from violation, and all the consequences will be borne by Germany.

Then. The Chinese Empire unsealed 27 super battleships and deployed them all in the Pacific Fleet of the Chinese Empire, and soon the General Staff of the Chinese Empire sent a message that it planned to send 20 additional super battleships to the Atlantic Fleet, which immediately frightened the Hitler government. ╔╗

Hitler immediately told the Chinese Empire that this was a misunderstanding, revoked the interception of the Chinese Empire's international merchant fleet and escort warships, and severely punished the commander of the German Baltic Fleet who gave the order to intercept it, as an action to appease the Chinese Empire.

The Chinese Empire was satisfied with this, and the military confrontation was resolved. However, because of this incident, it dealt a serious blow to the prestige of the Hitler government and the German navy, and the German people expressed considerable indignation at the weakness of the German government and the German navy, and even threw eggs at the Führer and the naval command to express their dissatisfaction. Of course, there were also German angry young people who ran to the front of the Chinese Imperial Embassy in Germany to demonstrate, at first there was a stone throwing behavior, but was driven away by the security guards of the Chinese Imperial German Embassy with rubber bullet guns, the Berlin Gestapo was worried about serious consequences, and soon forcibly drove the demonstrators away, and later several groups came, but they were much smarter, and changed to a sit-in demonstration. The Imperial Chinese Embassy ignored this.

The military confrontation in the Famo Strait has ended, but this does not mean that the contradictions between China and Germany have eased, but have intensified. The German people were greatly dissatisfied with the Hitler government and the German side's weak attitude toward China, and the German side also felt that it had no face, and the number of officers who hated the Chinese Empire soared. In order to find an excuse for the expansion of the German army and gain the support of the people, Hitler took this opportunity to declare to the German people that he did not want to be weak and bullied, so he had to build a strong German army.

The direct result of this incident was that the German Navy's construction of the Hindenburg-class ultimate battleship won the unanimous approval of the whole German people, so that the German Navy officially embarked on the road of all-out competition with the Imperial Chinese Navy, with the Imperial Chinese Navy as the main opponent.

With the outbreak of World War II, the German Navy had completed several Hindenburg ultimate battleships and a large number of auxiliary ships before the war, and the German Navy became the second in the world, with a total tonnage of 1.14 million tons, while the total tonnage of the Imperial Chinese Navy at this time was only 1.56 million tons, and the gap between the German Navy and the Imperial Chinese Navy was greatly narrowed.

At the same time, in order to completely block the British sea supply lines, the German Navy formulated a plan to defeat the main force of the British Navy in a short time. Among them, the submarine warfare of the German Navy is the primary force, because the strength of the main fleet of the British Navy is also very strong, and it does not engage in a decisive battle with the German Navy. Therefore, the German Navy gave priority to submarine warfare.

Before the outbreak of World War II, the British Navy invested a huge amount in submarine construction, and did not hesitate to import all kinds of advanced submarines and all aspects of submarine technology from the Chinese imperial government and the private sector at high prices. And for this, they paid a huge price for negotiations with the Chinese Empire as a condition for concessions.

Fortunately, the Chinese Empire's restrictions on the export of submarine technology to Britain were far lower than those imposed on Germany's submarine technology exports during the same period, mainly because the Chinese Empire believed that Britain's submarine strength was too poor to be Germany's opponent, and once a war broke out between Britain and Germany, it was estimated that the disaster of German submarines during the First World War would be staged again. The Chinese Empire needed a Europe with a basic balance of military power, so it relaxed restrictions on the export of technology to British submarines.

Supported by the advanced submarine technology of the Chinese Empire, British submarines began after World War I, and after the rapid development of the treaty era that lasted for two decades, to the outbreak of World War II. The submarine forces of the British Navy had become so powerful that they could compete with the German submarine forces.

After the Sino-British War and the First World War, the British Navy deeply felt the fatal blow of submarines to Britain's vital supply line at sea, so the British Navy spared no expense in the post-war large-scale development of submarine force construction. ╔╗

The X-1 submarine was built according to the 1923 plan of the British Navy, and the British Royal Navy bought a decommissioned upgraded (improved) submarine from the Chinese Empire at a high price for systematic research, and built a test boat based on it.

Submarine displacement (surface / underwater): 2425 tons / 3600 tons. The main scale reaches the main engine: 4 diesel engines and double propulsion shafts. Power (surface / underwater): 7000 hp / 2400 hp, speed (surface / underwater): 19.5 knots / 8.0 knots, fuel load: diesel 452 tons. Endurance: 12,400 nautical miles at a speed of 12 knots on the surface. It is armed with 6 533-mm bow torpedo tubes, a total of 12 torpedoes, 16 mines, and 2 133-mm naval guns. 2 7.7 mm machine guns, the crew of the boat is 110 people.

From the day of design, such a powerful X-1 submarine has been registered among the navies of all countries in the world, especially the most advanced Tang-class submarine of the Chinese Empire at that time and the Song-class submarine in the design. The British may have been frightened by the German submarine warfare, so they built submarines such as the powerful X-1,

The basic feature of the X-1 submarine is that the hull adopts a double-hull structure, and its underwater displacement reaches 3,600 tons, which is an unprecedented displacement submarine among the British Royal Navy submarines and the largest submarine in the world at that time. In addition, the armament of the X-1 submarine has reached an unprecedented level of strength, and its endurance is so great that it is unmatched by any submarine built by the navies of the British world.

However, the X-1 submarine also had its fatal shortcomings. After it was completed and put into service, due to the British Navy's lack of strong technology in high-power diesel engines, its main engine continued to fail, so since the boat was completed and put into service in September 1925, after a short service career of 12 years, it was finally retired in 1937.

Later scholars have not yet had a convincing explanation for the real motives and reasons for the construction of the mighty X-1 submarine by the Royal Navy in the twenties, and the British Navy has not taken a position on this. However, the unanimous attitude of the international mainstream military experts is that the cost of this submarine is too high, conservatively estimated at about 43 million pounds, and the inflation of the pound is equivalent to 5.7 million dragon coins that year, which is enough to build four high-performance submarines.

Of course, cost is one thing, the most important thing is that in terms of the technical level of the British, the X1 submarine did not defeat the Royal Navy's upgraded modified submarine imported from the Chinese Empire once during the exercise, and spent a lot of money but did not get the corresponding combat effectiveness return, which is the fundamental reason why the British Navy canceled the X-1 submarine mass production service.

After that, the British Royal Navy abandoned the X-1 submarine and returned to its original position, continuing to imitate the promoted submarines of the Chinese Empire. On the basis of the promoted submarines, the O-class submarines were designed and built by the Royal Navy as the first batch of submarines to replace the old L-class submarines in service during World War I, and the main task of this class of submarines was to engage in maritime vigilance and patrol. Initially, the British Royal Navy planned to build only one submarine according to the 1923 plan, and later the British incorporated two O-class submarines for the Indian Navy into the British Royal Navy's submarine force in 1931. In this way, in the end, the British Royal Navy had a total of 3 O-class first batch submarines. Its displacement (surface / underwater): 1311t / 1831 tons, the main engine uses 2 diesel engines with double propulsion shafts. Speed (surface/underwater): 13.7 fuel loading capacity of 186 tons of diesel, endurance: 6500 nautical miles at a speed of 10 knots on the surface, 60 nautical miles at a speed of 4 knots underwater, armament: 6 533 mm bow torpedo tubes, 2 533 mm stern torpedo tubes, a total of 1 torpedo 1 mm naval gun, 2 7.7 mm machine guns, a safe diving depth of 70 meters, and the number of crew members recovered 54. ╔╗

From the point of view of its performance parameters, the safe diving depth of the O-class submarine has reached the standard of the Chinese Empire's advanced submarine, and the firepower is quite powerful. But speed and endurance are greatly reduced, and the engine technology is still not up to par. Equipped with engines of the British's own production, neither performance nor quality is guaranteed. The submarines of this class use a half-hull structure between a single-hull structure and a double-hull structure. In the twenties, relations between Britain and the Chinese Empire broke down for a time, and the Royal Navy's original plan to mass-produce O-class submarines by mass-importing high-performance engines from the Chinese Empire also collapsed. The British Navy intends to send O-class submarines on missions in the Far East. However, the distance from Britain to the Far East was quite long, and all of Britain's "node" island colonies overseas were seized by the Chinese Empire, so it was necessary to increase the amount of fuel for O-class submarines. For this reason, the designers had to change part of the main ballast water tanks on the O-class submarine to fuel tanks, thus increasing the endurance of the O-class submarine a lot. At that time, when the O-class submarine was built, the riveting process was still used, and after the O-class submarine was completed and put into service, its biggest problem was that the riveting position of its pressure-resistant hull continued to leak.

For these reasons, the first submarines of the O-class did not become the first submarines of the British Navy to be mass-produced and put into service after the war, and all three submarines were all decommissioned after the outbreak of World War II.

In the face of the absolute world military hegemony of the Chinese Empire after World War I, Britain finally lost the Egyptian War and the Burma War, the Suez Canal fell into the hands of the Chinese Empire, and Burma became a vassal state of the Chinese Empire.

The British's attempts to counter the Chinese Empire failed, so they surrendered to the Chinese Empire and tried to restore relations with the Chinese Empire.

Seeing that Britain was "very well-behaved", the Chinese Empire resumed the export of submarine technology to Britain "regardless of its past suspicions."

The six submarines of the second batch of the O class were built by the British Royal Navy according to the 1926 construction plan, and the six submarines were built and commissioned from 1929 to 1930, and their main mission was to be sent to the Indian Ocean to engage in vigilance and patrol duties. The six submarines of the second batch of the O-class still follow the first-batch submarines of the O-class in terms of basic structure, and also adopt a half-hull structure between the single-hull structure and the double-hull structure. However, in the process of designing the second batch of O-class submarines, the designers have made many improvements, for example, the horizontal rudders on the second batch of O-class submarines are no longer arranged close to the bottom of the submarine like the first batch of O-class submarines, but moved up to near the waterline, which improves the underwater maneuverability of the submarines of this class. In addition, the fuel tanks on the second batch of submarines of the O class are specially designed special fuel tanks. The main engine power of this class of submarines has also been greatly improved, because it has abandoned the diesel engines produced in the United Kingdom and imported diesel engines from the Chinese Empire for use on submarines. As a result, its surface sailing speed can be reached

In terms of overall performance, the tactical and technical performance of the second batch of submarines of the O-class was among the best among the submarines of the world's naval powers at that time. After the completion and commissioning of this class of submarines, they have been sent by the British Royal Navy to carry out missions in the waters of the Indian Ocean for a considerable period of time. After the outbreak of World War II, all the second batch of O-class submarines deployed in the Indian Ocean were transferred by the British Royal Navy to participate in the battle in the Mediterranean Sea, and took on the task of transporting war materials to Greece. During the war, 4 O-class submarines of the second batch were sunk by the German Navy, and the remaining 2 were decommissioned in 1946 after World War II.

The P-class submarines were a modification of the second batch of submarines of the O-class, and the British Royal Navy built 6 units according to the 1927 plan of the year. ╔╗ These six submarines were all completed and put into service in 1930. The main mission of the P-class submarines is the same as that of the second batch of submarines of the O-class, which is also to serve as maritime vigilance and patrol missions. Except for the large improvement in the shape of the bow, the P-class submarines are almost not too different from the second batch of submarines of the O-class in other respects. In terms of basic structure. The P-class submarines also followed the design idea of the second batch of O-class submarines, and adopted a half-hull structure between the single-hull structure and the double-hull structure. However, two aspects are worth noting, one of which is that the safe submersible depth of the P-class submarines has been increased to 95 meters, which the technical assistance personnel of the Chinese Empire did not anticipate (the British were sometimes strong). The second is that the torpedo equipped on the P-class submarine is the MK-8 torpedo, the speed of the torpedo is 40 knots, the firing range reaches 4570 meters, compared with the performance of the MK-3 torpedo equipped with various types of submarines before this, the performance has been greatly improved and improved, and the power is also closer than the red-headed torpedo of the Chinese Empire. One of the P-class submarines was sunk in an accident before the outbreak of World War II, while the remaining five submarines all took part in World War II. During the war, 4 ships were sunk. The remaining one was decommissioned in 1946.

The P-class submarines were also carried out at the same time as the R-class submarines, which were still an improved version of the second batch of submarines of the O-class, and the Royal Navy built six according to the 1928 plan, but due to budget constraints, only four were built between 1930 and 1932, and the construction of the remaining two was stopped before it was completed. The R-class submarines are very similar in appearance to the P-class submarines. It's just that the command post of the R-class submarine is slightly lower. In addition, the pressure-resistant hull length of the R-class submarines is 0.6 meters shorter than that of the P-class submarines. However, the thickness of the light shell steel plate of the R-class submarine has been increased from 0.6 cm to 1.3 cm for the P-class submarine, and the fuel tank adopts a welded structure to ensure that the fuel leakage will not occur when the submarines are underwater. The R-class submarine was just being built and put into service. The British switched to homegrown cottage engines with a main engine power of 4,640 horsepower, but shortly after the submarines of this class entered service, their main engine power began to decrease significantly, reaching only 4,100 horsepower. In this way, the maximum speed of the later R-class submarines could not actually reach the maximum index of 20.5 knots. The R-class submarines were also initially deployed by the British Royal Navy in the Far East Pacific waters, and after the outbreak of World War II, the R-class submarines were ordered to be redeployed from the Indian Ocean to the Mediterranean Sea for combat operations. During the war, three of the four R-class submarines were sunk, and the only remaining submarine was decommissioned on 30 July 1946 after the end of World War II and was dismantled.

With the rapid increase in the development speed of submarines of the German Navy, the British Navy was no longer satisfied with the development of new submarines based on the promotion submarines of the Chinese Empire, so the Chinese Empire in order to support Britain to resist the rise of the German Navy's submarine force, with the Chinese Imperial Navy successively commissioned the Song-class submarines, the Tang-class submarines began to be exported, and the export to Germany was restricted, and the export to the British Navy was preferential.

At that time, the world economic crisis broke out, and Germany's favorability towards the Chinese Empire fell to the freezing point because of the economic sanctions imposed on it by the Chinese Empire, and the Chinese Empire gave priority to the export of advanced Tang-class submarines to the British Navy, which made Britain much more friendly to China, thus avoiding the situation of European huddling against the Chinese Empire at that time.

The "Thames" class submarine is a new type of high-speed submarine of the British Royal Navy after the K-class submarine, and from the perspective of displacement and main scale, the "Thames" class submarine is a large submarine, and its main mission and task is to act on the ocean with the surface fleet of the British Royal Navy, and serve as the fleet's vigilance mission. According to the 1929-1932 annual plan, the British Royal Navy built one submarine per year, and a total of three "Thames" class submarines were built. In order to ensure that the "Thames" class submarine can exert a high speed of more than 20kn on the water surface, the designers selected two diesel engines with a single power of 5,000 horsepower as the main engine for this class of submarines, with a total power of 10,000 horsepower. According to the original plan of the British Royal Navy, it was planned to build 30 "Thames" class submarines, but because the British Royal Navy found in the actual operation of the "Thames" class submarines, although the maximum surface speed of the "Thames" class submarines can be reached, the performance of this class of submarines in other aspects cannot meet the maritime tactical requirements of the British Royal Navy, therefore. ╔╗When the three "Thames" class submarines were completed and put into service, the British Royal Navy made a decisive decision not to continue the construction of "Thames" class submarines after that. After the outbreak of World War II. All 3 submarines of the Thames class took part in the war, 2 of which were sunk by the enemy, and the remaining submarine was decommissioned on July 30, 1946.

In the twenties, in addition to imitating the submarines of the Chinese Empire to build Britain's main submarine force, the British Navy's combat philosophy was to blockade the German Navy and prevent it from rushing out of the North Sea into the Atlantic.

The "Little Whale" class submarines were designed and built by the British Navy as a special mine-laid submarine, and the British Royal Navy built a total of six "Little Whale" class submarines at an average rate of one per year according to the 1930-1936 construction plan.

Initially, the British Royal Navy planned to build 9 submarines of the "Whale" class. Later, the construction of 3 submarines was stopped halfway, so only 6 submarines of this class were actually completed and put into service, and these 6 "Little Whale" class submarines were built one after another from 1933 to 1939. The way in which the "Whale" class submarines are equipped with mines is completely different from the L-class submarines of the British Royal Navy. On the "Little Whale" class submarine, MK-X6 mines are placed on top of the pressure-resistant hull, and the mines are sent to the stern for deployment by means of a circulating chain. After the outbreak of World War II, the Whale-class submarines were transferred to the Mediterranean Sea and the waters near the North Sea to carry out offshore minelaying activities. It has played a significant role. During the Second World War, the Whale-class submarines laid a total of 2,599 mines at sea. However, five submarines in the "Little Whale" class were also sunk by the enemy, and they also paid a heavy price. The last submarine in the "Whale" class was decommissioned on March 17, 1946, after the end of World War II.

At the end of the twenties, the British Navy simultaneously developed multi-width submarines. The first batch of S-class submarines was mainly used to replace the H-class submarines used by the British Royal Navy during the First World War. According to the 1929-1930 plan, the Royal Navy built a total of four S-class first batch submarines, which were completed and put into service between 1932 and 1933. Since the main direction of the designers' work in the design of the first batch of S-class submarines is to design the submarines of this class to engage in vigilance operations or serve as training missions in the North Sea and the Mediterranean, therefore, the endurance of the first batch of S-class submarines is small. The operation is simple and convenient. In addition, the first batch of S-class submarines has good underwater performance, and it takes only about 30 seconds to make a fast dive from the surface state. In terms of overall performance, the first batch of S-class submarines is a relatively successful submarine. During World War II, all four of the first batch of S-class submarines were combated, three were sunk, and the remaining one was decommissioned in January 1947.

Due to the excellent performance of the first batch of S-class submarines, the British Royal Navy built eight S-class second batch submarines according to the 1931-1935 plan on the basis of the first batch of S-class submarines, and these eight submarines were completed at a construction rate of two per year from 1934 to 1938. From the perspective of basic structure, the first batch of submarines of the S-class also adopted a half-hull structure between the single-hull structure and the double-hull structure. In order to ensure that the fuel loaded on the submarine does not leak out during underwater navigation, the fuel tanks are arranged in the pressure-resistant hull. The second batch of S-class submarines all took part in World War II, six of which were sunk, and the remaining two were decommissioned after the war.

The third batch of S-class submarines is the British Royal Navy's batch construction type of submarines during the Second World War, because the first batch and the second batch of S-class submarines have relatively excellent performance, therefore, after the outbreak of the Second World War, the British Royal Navy built a total of 50 S-class third batch submarines according to the 1938-1943 annual construction plan. These submarines were built and commissioned between 1941 and 1945. The characteristics of this class of submarines are that they adopted an all-welding process during their construction, and it cost 10 million dragon coins to import underwater welding technology and equipment from the Chinese Empire, thus completely solving the problem of submarine fuel leakage that has plagued the British Royal Navy for many years. In order to enhance the combat capability of the third batch of submarines of the S-class, some of the submarines in this class have a torpedo tube in the aft superstructure. During the Second World War, nine of the third batch of S-class submarines were sunk by the enemy.

T-class submarines are vigilance submarines designed and built by the Royal Navy in the early 30s of the 20th century, according to the 1935-1938 annual plan, the British Royal Navy built a total of 15 T-class first batch submarines. These 15 submarines were built and put into service from 1938 to 1940. According to the original design goals of the British Royal Navy, this class of submarines can be engaged in continuous activities at sea for 42 days and nights, and is a large ocean-going submarine.

With the outbreak of World War II. German submarines once again entered the ocean to attack the merchant ships of the Allied countries, and the submarines of the British Navy were very difficult to block the passage of German submarines into the ocean.

At this time, the Chinese Empire showed its nuclear weapons card, forcing Germany not to dare to "question" the military strength of the Chinese Empire, and although Britain also expressed fear of the Chinese Empire's nuclear weapons, Britain chose to cooperate with the Chinese Empire, after all, using the advanced military technology of the Chinese Empire to counter Germany is the most important task at present.

At this time, the British Navy successively obtained Tang-class submarines (export type) from the Chinese Empire. It greatly strengthened the combat effectiveness of the submarines of the British Navy and inflicted heavy damage on the German submarines.

However, Britain did not recover from the economic crisis in the first place, and after the outbreak of the world war, Britain's financial resources were stretched, but the Tang-class submarines sold by the Chinese Empire to Britain were frighteningly expensive. And in the face of the nuclear blackmail of the Chinese Empire, Britain did not dare to bargain. For fear of offending the Chinese Empire. So the British themselves secretly launched a copycat operation against the Don-class submarines.

The A-class submarines appeared, and the British Navy's excuse was to build A-class submarines from the First World War, but in fact the A-class submarines were no longer the other A. And it quickly became the first large ocean-going submarine of the British Royal Navy during the Second World War. Born during World War II, the basic idea of the A-class submarine was to ensure that the submarines of this class would have a considerable endurance in order to meet the needs of fighting the German Navy in the Atlantic.

The A-class submarines, designed by the British themselves, had a double-hull structure and were the first mass-built submarines designed by the British during World War II to use the all-welded process. Displacement (surface / underwater): 1120 tons / 1620 tons, speed (surface / underwater): 215 knots / 9 knots, fuel loading capacity of diesel 165 tons ~ 219 tons; Endurance: 11 knots on the water. The endurance is 10,500 nautical miles, at a speed of 3 knots, the endurance is 90 nautical miles, the armament is 10 533 mm torpedo tubes (4 in the bow, 2 in the bow superstructure, 2 in the stern, 2 in the stern superstructure), a total of 20 torpedoes (if not equipped with torpedoes, 26 mines can be equipped), 1 102 mm naval gun, 1 20 mm machine gun, 3 7.7 mm machine guns, the safe diving depth has broken through again, reaching more than 110 meters, and the crew has reached 61.

Because the Tang class submarines of the Chinese Empire were designed without external naval gun firepower, and the underwater speed was higher than the surface speed, the British Navy did not attach importance to this future submarine trend, but continued to be limited by the previous submarine tactics, carrying naval guns on the submarine, requiring the submarine to speed faster than underwater, resulting in the British Navy being unable to give full play to the advanced performance of the Tang-class submarines.

Similarly, in the large-scale arms race between the British and German navies, the German navy had the same idea as the British navy. The difference is that the growth of the German navy after World War I made the Chinese Empire feel threatened, and the Chinese Empire stopped providing submarine technology to Germany from the post-war period, focusing on supporting Britain.

As a result, the development of the German Navy's submarine power was relatively slow throughout the treaty era, allowing the British to catch up with the development of submarines.

By 1935, most of the submarines imported from the Chinese Empire in service with the German Navy had been decommissioned. The German Navy's self-built submarines are still mainly of the U-2B class, with a displacement (surface / underwater): 279T/328T, the main engine is 2 MWM diesel engines (for surface navigation), 2 motors (for underwater navigation), double propulsion shafts, speed (surface / underwater) knots, endurance: when sailing at a speed of 12 knots in the surface state, its cruising range is 1600 nautical miles, armed with 3 533 mm bow torpedo tubes, a total of 5 loaded torpedoes, and 1 single-barreled 20 mm machine gun, 25 crew members (including 3 officers).

The U-2B class submarine is an improved version of the U-2A class submarine, which is based on the U-2A class submarine and increases the length of its hull by 1.8 meters, thereby increasing the volume of fuel tanks in the boat and increasing the endurance of the class submarine. Submarines of this class still belong to small offshore submarines of single-hull construction. In terms of appearance, the U-2B-class submarine is basically the same as the U-2A-class submarine, and its bow is also equipped with a net cutter for cutting the enemy's anti-submarine nets. A single-barreled 20-mm machine gun on submarines of this class was arranged on the deck in front of the command platform.

There are a total of 20 U-2B class submarines, which are numbered U-7 ~ U-24 and U-120 and U-121. The first 18 submarines in this class were built and commissioned in 1932. The last two submarines, U-120 and U-121, were commissioned in 1935.

The U-7A class submarines were designed from the UB-3 (UB-48 class) submarines, which were active in the ocean theater during the First World War, and then improved on them, but the displacement and main scale were slightly increased compared with the UB-3 submarines. Although the U-7A class submarine is a medium-sized submarine, it has a certain degree of ocean-going navigation capability, and at the same time, it also has excellent underwater maneuverability, and its underwater speed and attack capability are also relatively good. Although the submarines of this class are slightly lacking in endurance, the overall performance of the submarines of this class can still meet the operational needs of the German Navy, so the German Navy still identified this class of submarines as the first batch of submarines to be built in batches, and 10 U-7A class submarines were built from 1935. By 1936, the 10 U-7A-class submarines were built and put into service. 10 U-7A-class submarines were numbered U-27~U-36.

Since the Chinese Empire restricted the export of submarine technology to Germany, the Germans had to study submarines themselves.

The U-9D1 class submarine was originally an imitation of the reverse engineering carried out by the German Navy through the Chilean Navy as an intermediary and secretly imported the Tang-class submarine from the Chinese Empire.

At the time of initial construction, the submarines of this class were equipped with 6 diesel engines with a power of 1500 horsepower, and their maximum surface speed could reach the displacement (surface / underwater): 1763t/2177t, the main engine was 2 Krupp diesel engines, 2 propulsion motors, double propulsion shafts, the cruising range was 18450 nautical miles, and the armament was 2 533 mm bow torpedo tubes, loaded with 15 torpedoes and 66 mines; 1 105-mm naval gun, 1 37-mm machine gun, 1 20-mm twin-mounted machine gun.

In response to the minelaying submarines of the British Navy, the German Navy developed the XB type submarines. The submarine was designed to be a submarine that specializes in laying spherical mines. Initially, submarines of this class had a surface displacement of 2500 tons. Since the German Navy considered the displacement of this class to be excessive, it was decided to reduce it appropriately. For the sake of distinction, the German Navy called the submarines of this class with a displacement of 2,500 tons as the XA-class submarines, and the reduced submarines as the XB-class submarines.

The mine storage and deployment pipes on the XB-class submarine are arranged vertically in three parts of the boat. There are 6 mine tubes on the center line of the hull in the bow and 12 on the middle and aft sides, for a total of 24 mine tubes. A total of 30 mine discharge tubes are installed on each submarine, which can store 66 mines. Thus, the cross-section of the XB-type submarine is almost rectangular.

Although the XB-class submarines were built as mine-emitted submarines, after the 128 submarines of this class were completed and commissioned from 1941 to 1944, the submarines of this class were used by the German Navy to transport fuel on more occasions. Because Germany's fuel supply was blockaded by the Chinese Empire from that time, the German Navy was faced with a shortage of fuel and had to use submarines to carry out chicken and dog piracy operations. (To be continued.) If you like this work, you are welcome to come to the starting point to vote for recommendation and monthly passes, and your support is my biggest motivation. )