Chapter 742 Huai Yang made a statement

The three professors who argued with Wang Shishen were the three professors, although they taught Jinshi, Mingfa and Mingshu respectively, but they were all subjects that were transferred to heaven by Confucianism and then divided, and they were smashed by Wang Shishen's Tiantian Seal, and he quickly calmed down and took the other side of this Tiantian Seal.

"Confucius said that he did not suffer from widowhood but suffered from inequality, and also said that he did not suffer from poverty but suffered from anxiety. Excuse me, sir, where does this come from? The changes of heaven and earth, the disasters of water and fire, family thieves, Yidi, and national feuds, these are all uneasy. To cure unrest, it is necessary to gather people and property, so that things can be done. When things are done, there is power, and those who are in power are leaders, and the kingdom comes from this. People can't reproduce without a home, people can't live without a country, the government is for the benevolent people, how can the government be a great harm to the world!? ”

"The three of them are many, and the people are up and down, and the way of heaven is separated, and each person has a job, and the job is also up and down. Those who harm others are obsessed with unjust benefits, and the government that harms others is also righteous and unjust, and they use their power to encroach on profits, Brother Wang cannot ignore the interests of the government, nor can he only talk about the harm of the government, without distinguishing the source of this harm. ”

"The ancestors of ancient times, Ru Mao drank blood, not without widowhood, but only widowhood, and only equally. The times are sophisticated, people are closer to the sky, things are abundant, and business goods are prosperous, relying on ingenuity and diligence. The ethics of heaven and man advocated by Yinghua are especially important to everyone's self-interest, why self-interest? Get paid for your work! In this way, there is more work and less work, and the difference between hard work and hard work is that the great harm is obtained without work, such as stealing, such as robbery, such as deception, and there is no official government, how can the harm be controlled? ”

The three professors refuted from different angles, not only the scholars around nodded, but the people also nodded, not many people thought that the world could have less government, the difference was only between good government and bad government. Wang Shishen said that the government is a great harm to the world, and it means that the government is not wanted, but anyone who has a family business and permanent property will not agree.

Wang Shishen didn't speak, he thought that the emperor had asked the three of them to refute him first, and then dealt with him. In his heart, he is full of admiration for the Emperor of the Holy Dao, this emperor is almost a Wang Mang, a successful Wang Mang, who suddenly tore the old world apart, and returned the bright blue sky to China. It is also the emperor's merit that Moxue can rise, and he is unwilling to argue in front of the emperor anymore.

Li Shi urged up again: "Wang Shishen, you are also a scholar at home and abroad, and there are books such as "Two Treatises on the Government and the Government" and "Li Weitan" in various colleges in Lingnan, you should also read them, I don't believe that you only have the harm of the government in your eyes." If you want to prosper in ink learning, it is not enough to rely on ancient ink, and I don't believe it, so you will be argued by them and continue to ......"

The previous dispute between the two sides was actually just a battle of positions. Of course, the Tiandao faction actually has more careers, and they all believe that there are great changes that have not been seen in the three thousand years of the Chinese calendar, and the government must assume the heavy responsibility of leading China to advance the tide, in fact, the position is more on the side of the government. ”

Wang Shishen's advocacy of ink emphasizes that scholars should stand on the side of the people, and naturally they should talk about the harm of the government.

In addition to the expositions of the Chinese sages, some books from Europa are also devoted to the ...... Whether it is the state or the government, it is all the interests of the regime anyway, and these books are not widely circulated in the society, but are placed in the academy for scholars to refer to.

In fact, it is difficult for these books to resonate widely in the current China, after all, the historical inheritance and cultural background, that is, the so-called "context", are too different, and the translator's self-understanding makes many concepts deviate. ”

The worldview of Leviathan holds that matter is constant and not subject to human will, and that the form of material existence is movement. The English-Chinese translator reads it, yo, isn't this what we call Heaven at ease, Heaven is always there, and Heaven is always advancing? This is where the deviation begins. Hobbes is talking about matter, and Huaxia is talking about God, which includes not only matter, but also people's hearts. Hobbes talks about movement, and China talks about the way of heaven, and the way of heaven not only has the law of material motion, but also the law of human society. …,

Leviathan goes on to talk about the "contractual will" of the state, based on two theories, one is that natural persons are "created equal", and the other is that they coexist together, so that they cede some rights and let them rule over everyone. The Yinghua translators easily used "not suffering from widowhood but suffering from inequality" and "not suffering from poverty but suffering from anxiety......

The core idea of "Leviathan" is to oppose the "divine right of kings", oppose the secular power of the church held by the pope, and stand out from the Holy See for Britain to stand on its own in Europa, and for the British king's monarchy to stand outside the Holy See, which is not in tune with Chinese history. ”

Those who can understand are old things, and those who can't understand are not understood, and even if the book is thrown on the street, I am afraid that not many people will pick it up.

For the Manchu Confucianism, this argument is naturally contrary to the "rebellious words" of the monarch and the ministers, the emperor is the monarch's father, the government is the parents, this is the blood relationship, you can't choose, say this monarch's father, this parents are the division of the people's own power, is your biological father or your son born!?

And in Yinghua, "Leviathan" seems outdated and simple again. Li Shi proclaimed himself emperor and inherited the mandate of heaven with the covenant of all peoples, in fact, he had already outlined the outline of the contract theory. Later, the "Imperial Constitution" also directly clarified the rights and responsibilities of the monarchy, which was clearer and more complete than "Liweitan". After that, Li Shi gradually faded out of government affairs, the government hall gradually took over the power, and the emperor and the government were being separated, which is not a situation that can be described in "Leviathan", after all, the power of the monarch in Britain has always been limited, and Hobbes's book is even calling for the strengthening of the monarchy.

This book did not set off much of a trend of thought in Yinghua's colleges, but most students have read it, and the focus is not on the unity of interests of the government, but on the "will to contract" that divides individuals and merges into one is very fresh, and it is not a detailed analysis of "people's hearts" and "righteousness". ”

The interests of the government are united, and the Chinese sages have long discussed it, but most of the time they confuse the monarchy with the government. The late Huang Zongxi's talk that the king is a great evil to the world is the embodiment of this kind of thinking.

Therefore, Li Xian did not think that after reading "Liweitan", Wang Blind Man's thinking was still so rigid and conservative, and he hoped to hear the ideological foundation behind the proposition. If you want Mo Xuexue to enter the academy, it's not enough to stand up a banner, you have to come up with real dry goods.

Wang Shishen smiled bitterly, the previous debate was indeed only based on a position, and the real foundation of learning and thinking could only be carried out step by step, and now the emperor wanted him to show his hole cards, and he had to bite the bullet.

"Prudence is not crying out because of injustice, but this injustice is neither benevolent nor heavenly! All things are born, there are births, old age, sickness and death, there are vicissitudes of life, although there are injustices, but they will eventually return to peace. Heaven has more than enough damage and makes up for it, and humanity has more than enough damage, and non-saints cannot reverse it. Why is humanity so important? That is, there is a great harm, and the people are cautious and despised, and they can only see that there is the government first, and then there is industry and commerce, and they are all creating this great harm. ”【1】

"I have been in China for 3,000 years and three generations, and each dynasty has wanted to establish a business for thousands of years, but it is difficult for each dynasty to get rid of the catastrophe of 300 years, and it is only a few decades. Is it the destiny of heaven that wants the world to be so chaotic? No, there is no way in the world! The government holds the authority of the world, and the industry and commerce are in charge of the world, and the world is responsible for the failure to follow the way of heaven and man, and the culprit of failing to unite heaven and man, is it not the government and industry and commerce? And is it not the cause of the chaos that they have created? ”

"Now that my Yinghua government has entered the township, industry and commerce are prosperous, small harms can be seen everywhere, and people's hearts are uneven, like thick oil covered with boiling water. Caution is worried, and I don't know when the great harm will be revealed! ”

Not only were the three professors surprised, but Liu Da, the head of Huaiyang Academy, Qu Chengshuo and other court officials were surprised, and the soldiers were surprised, and Li Shi was also surprised.

Standing in Gu Mo's position, he first pulled the words of Confucian Confucius, and then pulled the words of Taoist Lao Tzu, and the way of analyzing the problem was the school of truth that Old Man Duan had drummed up, this blind man was a monster at all. …,

After thinking about it carefully, it is no wonder that Wang Blind only has the position of the Mo family, and he has to find the nutrition of other families in his specific studies. The times have changed, and the resurgence of Moxue is indeed different.

The Mohists talk about "Heavenly Will", and like the official Confucians, they recognize Heaven as the supreme lord with will, and God's will is to promote profit and eliminate harm. However, the Heavenly Daoist sect believes that the existence of Heaven is the will of Heaven and does not change from person to person. The idea that the heavens have personalities can easily merge with the theory of ghosts and gods, and become the evil way, and the new Mo family, which is not tolerated by the scholars of the country, can only approach the heavenly Taoist sect. ”

The ingenuity of Moxue has long been surpassed by the truth school of the Heavenly Dao School and the exquisite craftsmen. His ideas on logic were swallowed up by the introduction of ancient Greek logic and the current Europa logic. The Mohists originally emphasized the unity of righteousness and benefit, and emphasized non-fate, and were more thoroughly explained by the Heavenly Daoist School with the doctrines of heavenly humanitarianism, the ethics of heaven and man, and the theory of heavenly vocation.

What is left of the Mo family?

Naturally, there are only the propositions of both love and non-attack, Shangxian Shangtong, thrift and non-happiness, etc., which stand on the position of the toiling public, and Gu Mo was originally in the pre-Qin period, and the fundamental idea is one: "hoe the strong and help the weak", the rangers of later generations, and even more modern chivalry, the origin is still in the line of the Mo family. ”

However, Wang Blind's remarks no longer stay at the position of only speaking for the weak, but using reason to push ink and oppose the government. Therefore, he did not hesitate to melt the Confucianism that the ancient ink originally regarded as a revenge, as well as the suspenseful Taoism, and re-shaped a school of thought, which is no longer ancient ink, but new ink.

The scene was silent again, and Wang Blind's remarks were not entirely based on feelings, but also on history and reality, which is really hard to refute.

Professors have to regress, you can't refute the position of others, this position has people's hearts and righteousness, and it is also the right way to study the way to govern the world.

"The government and industry are harmful, the king judges it, and the people's hearts are limited, how can you waste food because of choking?"

"If there is no government, no industry and commerce, that is, there is no country, and the country has no spare strength, how can we educate all the people, and if we do not educate all the people, how can we unite righteousness and benefit and not harm each other?"

"The sky is wide and the clouds are wide, the rain is abundant, the trees of the forest are numerous, and the grass mustard is also blessed, this is a lush forest."

There are also diseased and withered leaves in the dense forest, but should we abandon the whole dense forest for that leaf? ”

The professor refuted based on reality, and the surrounding scholars and people also nodded, can't just look at the unlucky guys, aren't more people doing better?

"It's just a leaf now, what if the future will be full of forests?" The blind man's voice rose again, and he was about to turn to the emotional route.

"Although he is half-blind, he can see the world. In Annam, in Luzon, and in Boni, not only the Jiaozhi people and the natives, but also the Chinese people, also work hard like cattle and horses, earning gruel and coarse buns every day, and filling their stomachs. ”

"In Foshan, Guangzhou, and Dongguan, hundreds of thousands of ironworkers, weavers, and carpenters toiled for six or seven hours a day, and their monthly earnings were less than one-tenth of the salary of a tooth man in a few words on Yutou Street."

"The government is densely spread in Lingnan, a hundred people have to support one person, everything is checked, acres and acres of land are in the official registration file, the officials move a little, the people are ruined, there is no power to resist, the officials protect each other, where to seek justice?"

"There are more slaves in the country, and it is not only the natives, the industry and commerce are using the prison power of the south of the Yangtze River, and the people in the country are ruined, and it is difficult to ensure that they will not follow in their footsteps. Ten years after my Yinghua, do you want to repeat the rule of the Emperor? ”

This turn directly scolded Li Shi, not to mention the Yangzhou prefect, even Qu Chengshuo, the secretary of the Ministry of Culture, had to jump to his feet.

The three professors also blushed and were about to roll up their sleeves, and reprimanded them vigorously, Li Xian waved his hand, and if he continued to fight, it would be a national political discussion rather than a retreat academic dispute. …,

"Wang Shishen, the words of the professor of Huaiyang Academy, you are not convinced, right......"

"Professors, are you throwing in the towel? I don't recognize it, well......"

Li Xi asked the two sides separately, and then spread his hands, his face full of regret.

"What can I do? Everyone has a point. ”

He pointed to the professors: "You are speaking for those who can benefit from this country, but do you think that our country can benefit everyone?" ”

The professors shook their heads honestly, of course it can't be, not to mention that it is impossible for everyone to benefit, even if it is a benefit, it is more or less different.

Ask the blind man again: "Do you think that if there is no government and no industry and commerce, how many people will be able to benefit?" ”

Wang Shishen held back, the government and industry and commerce already supported countless people, he said that these people can benefit even if they lose their jobs, that is too cheeky.

He said unconvinced: "The grass people think that if it takes a few decades and is governed by another saint, it will be able to open up a different pattern, and the people in the world will be rich and noble, and they will be ......peaceful for all generations."

Li Xi asked: "Let's not talk about whether we can build a situation of equality in the world in a few decades, but what about those who are unwilling to enter the new situation?" Do you let yourself suffer, or even kill yourself? ”

Wang Shishen was not a revolutionary in later generations after all, so he bowed his head in shame.

"Suppose I ...... I'm just a grass farmer, farming hard for a living, and I think it makes sense to both of you. Sometimes, I have to be exploited by corrupt officials and oppressed by bad businessmen, but the government protects the peace of a country, and I can also rely on my own efforts to farm and weave, and exchange enough money in the hands of merchants to support my wife and family. ”

Li Xi took on the role of a small person, and also pointed at Sanniang, which not only caused Sanniang to roll his eyes, but also the surrounding scholars and people also laughed lowly.

"So, if one of you is gone, I'll be scared. I am afraid that the government and the businessmen will be unscrupulous and expropriate tyranny, and I am afraid that there will be no government to protect the territory and the people, and no businessmen will buy my crops, you say...... Isn't it? ”

He turned his head and asked the people, and the scholars and the people resonated strongly, and the roar responded.

"No matter how you quarrel and fight, we grass people are watching from the side. If you feel that someone is right, you will applaud and applaud, push the way of the world, and take a step in the direction that we think is right. Whoever says something wrong, boo him, and push this world to take a step back from the wrong direction, so that we can be sure in our hearts. ”

Li Shi's tone was deep: "What are we most afraid of?" ”

"What I am most afraid of is that you both sides regard each other as enemies, and you must go from physical to spiritual, don't ...... It is not only to kill people, but also to burn books, and destroy each other in this way. ”

"In order to achieve this goal, you must borrow the hearts of our grass people, and you must bewitch our grass people to kill a result, and in the end, no matter who wins or loses, it is our grass people who suffer the most. Ladies and gentlemen, do you think the same way as I do? ”

Li Shi's question, even the professor and Wang Shishen nodded, and the scholars and people raised their hands and shouted, Huaiyang College was suddenly boiling.

It took a long time for the excitement to stop, and Li Xi said again: "But you still have to argue, because you are speaking for different people, and people on these two sides always have different opinions." As long as you can argue, you can't stop. ”

He pointed to Sanniang again: "I love to eat salty bean curd, my lady loves sweet bean curd, every time we eat bean curd, we have to quarrel, alas, ......"

Everyone burst out laughing, and even Sanniang couldn't help blushing, so she hurriedly found a handkerchief to half-cover her face, and said that this guy was starting to go crazy again.

Li Xi said again: "If you can't get a result, you will be tense, making the people of the world panic, and always worried that the world will change, so what should I do?" ”…,

yes, what to do? It's going to be done if you're arguing, whether it's in the city or in the countryside, aren't people like this?

"So ......"

With Sanniang's white eyes, Li Xi continued to catch her to top the tank.

"Just like me and my wife, no matter how fierce the quarrel is, life still has to live, we are always a family......"

"Since we are a family, then there is a human relationship, there is a limit, we know each other, there are some things we will never do. For example, if I beat the lady, I am not ready to live, the lady runs away, and the family is scattered. ”

Li Xian said in his mouth, but a cold breath rose on his back...... no, murderous! It's bad, this is deliberately provoking Sanniang, beating Sanniang, can you beat it?

Hurriedly replied, Li Xian said: "Therefore, we hope that both of you, not only you, but also the government, industry and commerce, and we, the grass people, can abide by some minimum rules, so that no matter how you fight, no matter how much you fight between the government, industry and commerce, and our grass people, everyone can know in their hearts." ”

Li Shi's next words made everyone present, including Wang Shishen, tremble. On February 17, the 11th year of the Holy Dao, when Li Xi came to this world, only one day away from turning 18 years, Li Xi finally sorted out his expectations for the future of China.

[1: Chapter 77 of the Tao Te Ching: The Way of Heaven, Its Bow and Bow With? The higher one suppresses it, and the lower one lifts it; Those who have more are lost, and those who are insufficient are made up. The way of heaven is to make up for the deficiency when there is more than is lost; The way of man is not, the loss is not enough to give more than enough. Who can have more than enough to serve the world? Only those who are Taoist. It is not to be ashamed of the saint, to succeed and not to be done, and it does not want to be seen, virtuous. [There is a lot of understanding of this sentence, but the bandit leader thinks that as far as this whole chapter is concerned, Lao Tzu's saying that "humanity is not enough and there is more than enough" is ironic and dissatisfied, so there is the saying "who can have more than enough to serve the world, only the Taoist", that is, who can let the surplus make up for the lack of the world? There are only enlightened saints. 】。 ）