readx; The Soviet Union collapsed on December 25, 91, after which Yeltsin defeated Gorbachev and became the first president of Russia. Pen? Interesting? Pavilion wWw. ｂiquge。 ｉｎfo

Gorbachev was full of incredible joy, and Yeltsin, who snatched the fruits of victory from Gorbachev, was no less impressive in this regard, and was also full of incredible joy.

The complexity of people's surnames, the world's states, and there is no one who has faults.

In the troubled times, sweeping away the heroes and reaching the peak, at least, at least...... Yeltsin should also be a scheming, ambitious, and murderous person.

But, at the same time, Yeltsin was a super good man.

If this person is kind beyond a certain limit, in the eyes of the world, he must be a little stupid, and he will save the belly of others with his own heart, thinking that if he is good, others will be good.

If that's not the case, it's not called a super good person.

Yeltsin was such a super-good man, otherwise, what happened next would not have been explained at all.

The United States and the Soviet Union, as the two most powerful countries in the world, really determine the relationship between the two countries not because of ideology or any other factors, but only by the reality of "the two most powerful countries in the world".

Therefore, no matter whether they were mainly hostile or cooperative, once one is unlucky, the other has the opportunity, and it is an inevitable choice to beat the water dogs.

This was the basic common sense of international politics, but Yeltsin completely ignored this basic common sense, and he handed over his country, at least most of his life, into the hands of the Americans, and into the hands of his mortal enemies, who had fought fiercely for forty or fifty years.

It's absolutely unbelievable of the unbelievable, but that's how it happened with such living joy.

Within a few days of becoming president of Russia, Yeltsin appointed Gaidar, who was only 35 years old, as prime minister of the political axe, and implemented the economic prescription prescribed to Russia by the American economist Sachs.

Sachs's economic prescription for Russia is shock therapy.

The first step in shock therapy is to open up prices.

On 2 January 1992, Russia's political axe stipulated that from now on, 90 percent of the prices of consumer goods and 80 percent of the prices of means of production would be liberalized.

At the same time, restrictions on income growth were lifted, the salaries of public servants were raised by 90 percent, pensions for retirees were raised to 900 roubles per month, and family allowances and unemployment benefits were also raised.

In the first three months of price liberalization, the results seemed to be immediate, and the results were obvious.

The long shopping queue is gone, the shelves are full of goods, and the Russians, who are accustomed to waiting in long queues with tickets, seem to see the benefits brought by the reform, but the good times do not last long, and it doesn't take long for prices to soar like a kite with a broken string.

By April, consumer prices were 65 times higher than they had been five months earlier.

The political axe originally wanted to stabilize prices through state-run stores, but unexpectedly, black market vendors and state-run store workers colluded to resell goods and make huge profits.

Moreover, due to the premature liberalization of fuel and raw material prices, the production costs of enterprises have increased sharply, and by June, the wholesale price of industrial products has risen 14 times.

Such high prices are intimidating to buyers, the consumer market continues to be sluggish, and the sluggish demand in turn suppresses supply, and companies have reduced production, and market supply and demand have entered a dead cycle.

The second step in shock therapy is fiscal and monetary tightening.

The fiscal and monetary "double tightening" policy and the price reform were introduced almost simultaneously.

The main reason for fiscal austerity is to increase revenue and reduce expenditure.

All tax incentives will be abolished, and all goods will be subject to 28% value-added tax, and at the same time, consumption tax on imported goods will be imposed.

In tandem with the revenue increase measures, the government axe cut public investment, military spending, and office expenses, included off-budget funds in the federal budget, and restricted local government axes from using bank loans to cover deficits. Tight monetary policy, including raising the central bank's lending rate, establishing a reserve requirement system, and implementing loan limit management, is used to control money flows and curb inflation at the source.

This time, however, Yeltsin's political axe was once again miscalculated.

Due to the excessive tax burden, the production of enterprises has shrunk further, and the number of unemployed has soared, and the government has had to increase relief subsidies and direct investment, and the fiscal deficit has risen instead of falling.

As a result of the tightening of credit, enterprises have a serious shortage of working capital, enterprises are in arrears with each other, triangular debts are becoming serious, and the government has been forced to relax the monetary policy, and in 1992 an additional 18 trillion rubles were issued, 20 times the amount issued in 1991.

Amid the roar of the money printing press, fiscal and monetary austerity was aborted.

At this time, if a politician with a slight sense of responsibility should at least stop for a while and think about it, but Yeltsin did not and continued to make desperate bets.

The last step in shock therapy, and the one in which the surname is decided, is privatization.

The young and promising Prime Minister Gaidar believes that the main reason why the reform is full of dangers and crises is that the state-owned enterprises are not the main players in the market, the competition mechanism does not work, and the price reform is like building a tower in the sand, which will collapse with a bang as soon as the wind blows.

So, the prescription is a neat privatization.

――――

Tang Jihai closely followed the changes in the situation in Russia.

On 2 April, the exchange rate of the ruble against the US dollar was 160 rubles per dollar.

These days, Toxville's spirit is very bad, and if he pays the bill a few days later, then his $500,000 is a million, five million, and in this way, it is possible to pay $50 million.

Tang Jihai had no doubt that the adults in the family definitely foresaw today's situation, but they did not do it, and the reason must be as he thought, this is just an appetizer, and the real feast is the privatization of Russia.

The ruble continues to fall......

――――

In order to speed up the privatization process, the initial method adopted by the Russian political axe was to give it away free of charge.

According to the assessment of relevant experts, one-third of the total value of Russia's state-owned assets is about 1.5 trillion rubles, and Russia's population is exactly 150 million.

In the past, property belonged to the state, and according to the liberal viewpoint, the property of the state was in the hands of the powerful, so it had nothing to do with us ordinary people.

In this way, if you still feel that you have something to do with yourself, you are a shameful party slave.

Now it's okay, it's distributed to individuals, and Tong Su is not bullied, everyone has a share.

As a result, every Russian received a privatized securities, which allowed them to freely purchase shares with certificates.

When the securities were issued to the Russians, the rubles on the books were equivalent to 40,000 US dollars, which was a lot of money to buy a car, but the securities were denominated in rubles, and when the privatization was officially launched in October, the securities could be circulated, but they could only buy a pair of high-end leather shoes.

As you can imagine, the start of privatization meant failure, and in December, Gaidar was dissolved.

――――

The big guys, the real big guys, the biggest and biggest financial bosses on Wall Street are in pain, they're in pain, they're in pain.

Originally, they were happy, excited, and their eyes were red and green, green and purple, purple and yellow......

Let go of my own blood, there is no sense of accomplishment, it's just a small try, because to put it bluntly, for the strong United States, it is an unguarded little girl, you can play as much as you want, as long as they want.

But Lao Maozi is different.

Moreover, more importantly, the blood that can be drunk from Lao Maozi this time is much more than that of himself.

However, just when the adults were happily preparing to feast, they were afraid of something, and the Chinese came to grab blood and drink it again.

The Chinese are still cunning, they still pick up ready-made, they are busy with all their hearts, and the Chinese easily enjoy the fruits of victory.

The big people suffer because there is nothing they can do about the banditry of the Chinese who grab blood and drink, they cannot stop their actions just because the Chinese come to grab blood and drink, and they cannot prevent the Chinese from drinking blood when they are drinking it.

This is a once-in-a-lifetime opportunity, and time is running out, after this village, there will never be this shop again.

It is important for them to drink blood, but it is equally important to bleed polar bears, that is, if they can't drink it themselves, they still have to let them bleed.

But, it's uncomfortable!

What's more, because of the Chinese, they have to invest more costs.

Damn the Chinese guys!

――――

Freedom is wonderful!

The collapse of the Soviet Union, not many Russians feel sad about it, because under the enlightenment of those masters, the Soviet Union could not disintegrate, whether it was dead or alive, and it had nothing to do with the Russian people

Moreover, after the collapse of the Soviet Union and the establishment of Russia, that is the life of man.

"I can't live like this anymore!"

This popular slogan has infected many Russians, scientists, artists...... All the way down to ordinary people, they are all eagerly looking forward to the arrival of a new life.

Russia was founded, a new life had finally come, and it was as beautiful as the enlighteners portrayed.

The free-market economy, these are the words of the passionate enlighteners, and when the new life arrives, ordinary Russians almost immediately experience its wonderfulness.

Following the guidance of angelic Americans, while carrying out reforms of state-owned enterprises and exchange rates, Russia at the same time began to open its finances without any restrictions.

In the shortest possible time, 100% seamless integration with the international community represents the passion and desire of Russians who have been oppressed for more than half a century.

After the opening of the financial sector without any restrictions, internationally renowned investment banks, commercial banks, and insurance institutions flocked to Russia, and their business outlets and institutions sprung up all over Russia.

Modern management, private banking services, international standard settlement, fragrant coffee, high-end business premises and "charming" smiles, everything looks so good.

When these foreign financial institutions come in, they all do one thing, exactly the same thing, and that is to try to attract deposits.

As for the means, there are no more than two kinds, one is high interest rates, and the other is co-optation.

As a result, almost immediately, the Russian state-owned banks, which had far to wait in line, were abandoned, and there was a large transfer of deposits among Russians.

In the process, Chinese took a slightly different approach from the Americans, Chinese focused on various Russian financial institutions and companies.

This part is the object of the Americans' co-optation, but the effect is limited, at least far worse than expected.

The reason for this was that the Americans were a little confused at first, but after in-depth investigation, they learned that the Chinese were behind it.

What the Chinese did was extremely hidden, because the Chinese did not eat alone, but in the spirit of having money and everyone earning, they united with many Russians and swallowed Russia's wealth.

And this is the reason why the big names on Wall Street are completely helpless.

The high interest rate benefits all Russians, and at this time, the Russian people are so happy, everything is incomparably beautiful, and it seems that there is such a thing as a free lunch in the world.

However, this is destined to be just a dream of Nanke.

While the Russian people, businesses, financial institutions, and even the Central Bank of Russia are enjoying a "free lunch" and fragrant coffee, and breathing in the fresh air of the free market, a financial plunder, which has never been seen in the past, has begun to unknowingly close the net.

The tragic fate of the ruble began when the rubles of Russian depositors and state-owned banks that had been borrowed for the aggressive shorting of the ruble were in place.

"Research reports" on the large-scale depreciation of the ruble and Russian state-owned enterprises began to flood the international financial community - "the state-owned enterprises of the former Soviet Union are not capable of self-viability at all", "the bonds of the former Soviet state-owned enterprises are seriously overvalued", "the ruble needs to be repriced", "the ruble should adopt a freer market-oriented float......

On the one hand, there are accurate research reports by international financial institutions and overwhelming negative reports from the international financial media, and on the other hand, the securities prices of state-owned enterprises in the former Soviet Union are falling rapidly.

"What's wrong?" The common people of Russia are all blinded.

A third of the state-owned assets that have been distributed to the Russian people are now turned into scrap paper, and all of them are sold to certain nimble people in Russia and to foreign financial institutions.

In this way, smiling foreign capital and certain Russians bought a large number of Russian state-owned enterprises with borrowed money.

Having bought these state-owned enterprises with borrowed money, foreign banks and Russian investors are faced with a dilemma: how to pay the huge amount of ruble principal and interest borrowed from it?

Not to mention the astronomical principal, even the payment of interest has become a problem.

If the ruble is not forced to "devalue" for some time, foreign banks and investors in Russia will lose all their money and will have no choice but to go bankrupt.

It was at this time that the most incredible financial event in the history of international finance took place.

At the suggestion of American financial experts in Russia, the Russian political axe took measures to deal with the black market transactions of the ruble by liberalizing the ruble and allowing the ruble and the dollar to float freely.

As soon as the policy was announced, the effect was absolutely immediate.

The scene of a long queue in the former Soviet Union has reappeared, but this time, the Russian people are not rushing to buy supplies, but dollars, and they are desperately exchanging the rubles in their hands for dollars.

Dollars, not rubles!

Madness, madness without the slightest reason is inevitable.

The streets, especially in front of foreign banks, were filled with anxious people holding rubles for dollars, and private banks that did not need to queue turned into a sea of crowds in an instant.

The free fragrant coffee is gone, the smiling VIP service has turned into a ridiculous dictator, and the Russian people have turned from VIPs with deposits to beggars begging for dollars.

Under the herd effect of the market and the spreading panic, the pessimistic view of the ruble's trend is infinitely magnified.

On the foreign exchange market, the trend of the ruble can only be described by the word "tragic".

At its peak, the ruble was worth two dollars per ruble, and the rate of its decline was staggering.

The short-term movement of the ruble has once again sparked panic, which in turn has prompted the ruble to fall further. In the end, the foreign exchange market for the ruble collapsed, and the ruble fell to one dollar to fourteen hundred rubles.

There were no natural disasters, no social unrest, and even less wars, and in peacetime, in just two years, the ruble fell by two thousand eight hundred times.

Any major change in monetary policy is a redistribution of wealth, and this time, it is a redistribution of subversive surnames.

――――

Tang Jihai was full of emotion.

This time, exactly how much the state snatched from Russia, he does not know, but the most conservative estimates will not be less than three hundred billion dollars.

In just one year, in fact, less than a year, Russia's GDP has fallen by half, and this is only the beginning, the mighty Soviet Union, which just two or three years ago had made the whole West tremble, disappear forever.

This is incredible, but it is the inevitable fate of Russia.

Russian President Boris Yeltsin's presidential decree needs to be written by the American economist Jeffrey? Sachs amended, the legal provisions of the Russian National Duma and the administrative regulations of the political axes need to be made by the American legal expert Jonathan? Lawrence of the U.S. Treasury Department, who was personally formulated by the Sea and is known as one of Harvard's "double sa" states? Summers directly instructs the Minister of Finance of Russia on how to formulate Russia's fiscal and financial policy.

The Russian elite is so stupid that what kind of doom Russia has is taken for granted.

Winter in Russia is unusually cold, and the cold winds in Siberia are constantly howling.

The streets of St. Petersburg are like hell, and people who walk in a hurry are like walking corpses, and their expressions are all the same dull.

In the aftermath of the hurricane of inflation, the number of beggars has increased, countless people have been displaced and homeless, their life savings have been destroyed, and people from all walks of life – from respected university professors and doctors to military officers defending the homeland – have been selling their homes at low prices on the cold streets.

Tang Jihai only hated Russia, and he hoped that Russia would go to hell, but walking on the streets of St. Petersburg and witnessing this situation, he had to have mixed feelings.

Looking at those personable and obviously well-educated Russians, Tang Jihai really wanted to go over and ask them: Is the country good or bad, and it really has nothing to do with you?

Russian children are extremely cute, and now, only children can still make people's eyes, but they are also more poignant.

In the howling cold wind, a teenage girl and her mother guard two wooden statues.

The mother's gaze was numb, but the little girl was still longing for the passers-by to stop in front of their stalls.

In the distance, Tang Jihai silently looked at his numb mother and cute little girl, but in the end, he did not walk over, but turned around and left silently.

The rise and fall of the world is the responsibility of the husband.

No matter what the situation, the one who challenges this sentence is the beast who deserves a thousand cuts!

(To be continued)