Chapter 50: The Budget I

Towards the end of the year, the assessment results of various departments have also been released, and there are many people who have been promoted.

Those who were promoted were overjoyed and ready to celebrate the New Year, while those who were not promoted were secretly determined to work hard next year.

A large number of people are needed now, so as long as you do your job well, you will definitely have a chance to be promoted, and if you can surpass others in terms of performance, you will be given priority to be promoted.

Working under Zhao Yan, there is no need to be afraid of not having a chance, but I am afraid that I will not be able to endure hardship. For the people, they are not afraid of hardship, they are afraid that they will not have a chance.

The end of the year for the Ministry of Finance is also very busy, and the fiscal revenue in all aspects has entered the year-end summary, and finally settled the total revenue of this year before Chinese New Year's Eve.

Last year's main income was up to the mark, with a salt profit of 4 million taels, 3 million taels handed over, and a surplus of 2 million taels plus 1 million taels from the mercenary battalion to suppress bandits.

The income of glass mirrors has risen to six million taels this year, and since the price has been lowered, the use of glass mirrors has spread all over the Ming Dynasty.

Tens of millions of taels of silver, for many wealthy families, is not too much, a mirror is still willing to buy, and now it is rumored that the glass mirror can drive away evil spirits, can keep peace, can ...... A series of rumors, many people buy this glass mirror for comparison, and some for auspiciousness.

These two revenues alone have reached 8 million taels, which has reached the minimum financial income set last year.

The rest of the income is more, the sea trade has so far cashed out 7 million taels, the end of the year the fleet has been successfully rounded back and forth three times, each time the profit is stable at about 2 million taels, the total income reached 13 million taels, and another 6 million taels are not cashed out. Among them, 4 million taels are goods that have not yet been sold, and another 2 million taels are left in the Yueben Commercial Hall to purchase the goods.

In addition, the income of glassware has also reached 1 million taels, your glassware has a great impact on the glass of Zibo, Shandong, Zibo is the largest producer of glass products in the Ming Dynasty, mainly producing bead curtains, chessboards, utensils and other utensils, toys, and handicrafts.

However, after all, glass is thicker and heavier than glass, and in the competition of handicrafts, glass obviously cannot replace glass, but it has obvious advantages in price.

Due to the development of the sea trade, Zibo's porcelain industry was stimulated, and the merchants first purchased the porcelain used in the sea trade from nearby Zibo, and those fine porcelain were purchased from Jingdezhen.

Tuntian has received an income of 700,000 stone wheat this year, and after distributing most of the profits to the people, the sweet potato vermicelli has also earned more than 5 million taels (the previous chapter miscalculated, it was calculated according to 2 taels of rice per stone, and the price was about 10 taels per catty, and the extraction rate of vermicelli was lower than that of rice, so it should be no problem for sweet potato vermicelli to sell for 10 taels, so it was changed to 7 million taels).

In terms of aquaculture, this year's income reached 1.5 million taels, but the investment in aquaculture is larger, and the cost has not yet been recovered, mainly the cost of rapid expansion, and it will be stable in a few years. In terms of goods trafficking, there are also more than 1 million taels of income. As for the income of the textile industry, there was an income of 2.3 million taels last year, most of which cotton was spun into yarn and sold to other places.

All the revenues combined, amounted to more than 32.8 million taels, while in fact they had been accounted for, only 18 million taels.

The rest of the silver taels, some of which will not be cashed out, such as the wheat harvested, do not belong to the non-arbitrage list. And some have not been cashed out, such as the 4 million taels of goods in Haimao, which have not yet been cashed out and will have to wait for next year to be cashed out, and another 2 million taels will be left in the capital for turnover.

Some have been invested in new operations, such as textile income, after the autumn will be used to buy cotton, the current textile industry, has reached 5 million taels.

This year's income reached more than 30 million taels, which was already about the same as the imperial court tax of Wanli time, which seemed very scary, but in fact, nearly half of the share was obtained from overseas trade.

Just like the Zheng Group, the annual income is rich enough to rival the country, that is, a partial general under Zheng Zhilong, and his net worth is millions of taels, such as Zheng Cai, who guards Kinmen, has a net worth of millions of taels. It is not surprising that sea trade has such high profits.

Originally, the sea trade had to be accumulated for a period of time, but after grabbing the Dutch's cargo ship, and Denglai's sea trade efficiency was far from being comparable to Zheng Zhilong and the Dutch, but it was like turning on an accelerator.

Zheng Zhilong's sea trade income is unreasonable to use, most of it is divided up below, it is just a pure interest body, and it is very undevelopment-conscious.

Moreover, the tax of the Ming Dynasty itself is frighteningly low, just talking about the agricultural tax, the Ming Dynasty recorded more than 700 million mu of cultivated land in Wanli, if the 700 million mu of land is levied on an average of 20 catties of rice.

How many catties of rice will be charged? The answer is, of course, very simple, it is a total of 14 billion catties of rice. One stone of rice is worth 0.7-1 taels of silver. According to the calculation of one stone of rice and seven coins of silver, this 74.15 million stone rice is equivalent to how much silver at that time? The answer is also very simple, it is equivalent to 51.9 million taels of silver at that time.

According to the calculation of 1 stone of grain production in the north and south (only one season is counted, but in many places it is possible to grow two seasons, or to interplant other grains), the total value of agricultural production in a year will reach 500 million taels of silver, and in fact it may reach 1 billion taels.

This is the data of Wanli time, the production at the end of the Ming Dynasty was wasted, and the agricultural output value would be reduced a lot, but if it is considered the second season, intercropping, and the grain output in the south is much higher than one stone per mu, there is definitely this number.

Of course, most of these agricultural outputs are not in circulation, and the part that is circulated at the same time does not increase the amount of silver, which is in circulation, and agricultural products are consumables.

And this is closely related to the output value of agriculture, and the output value of industry and commerce is much higher.

From the perspective of gross output value, the tax of the Ming Dynasty is very unreasonable, that is, too low, and at the same time the collection is unreasonable.

It all stems from a political party, which is extremely xenophobic, either a fellow enemy. And to resist taxes for pride, tax resistance for righteousness, tax resistance for love of the people, tax resistance for merit.

Unfortunately, in the late Ming Dynasty and late Ming Dynasty, this party dominated the dynasty, and this was the Donglin Party. The most evil thing about the Donglin Party is that it is famous for the sake of being famous, and fighting for the sake of fighting. There is no thought about the consequences and responsibilities at all.

Because the landlords are very powerful, although the people only need to pay a little agricultural tax, the land rent is not a matter of ten or twenty catties of rice, and there are generally dozens or hundreds of catties.

So this is a country that represents the interests of the landlords, no matter how great the country is, no matter how great the emperor is, it is impossible to increase the land endowment to 50%, if it is really increased to 50%, the people may be able to live, but what do the landlords eat?

Isn't this touching the interests of landlords? The reason why the Donglin Party is proud of their tax resistance is that they can win a good reputation among the landlord class by resisting taxes. The absence of commercial tax can also win a good reputation, because at the end of the Ming Dynasty, the merchant class had already entered the court, and the relationship between the landlord class and the merchant class was very close, even overlapping.

Over the past two hundred years, almost half of the wealth accumulated has fallen into the pockets of landlords and merchants. At present, Zhu Youzhen has begun to raise taxes, according to the original history, before the fall of the Ming Dynasty, Zhu Youzhen increased the agricultural tax to five or six times the original amount, plus the corruption of the officials, which is why Li Zicheng and Zhang Xianzhong proposed not to pay taxes.

Although it is not wrong to say that the tax is raised, the target of the tax collection is wrong, because the spearhead is not aimed at the landlords.

Those landlords naturally have the means to avoid taxes, and those yeoman farmers and tenants can generally get by after the tax increases, but the problem is that natural disasters [***] continue, and without a stable production environment, it is inevitable that they will not survive.

It is not surprising that there are so many fiscal revenues this year, and the industries involved in Zhao Yan are mainly monopolies, industries with competitive advantages, and the speed of making money is naturally twice as fast.

There is so much silver, but how to spend it is to think carefully, and the places that need to spend two silver taels are mainly the three points of generating wealth, strengthening the army, and reassuring the people.

Making money is to increase business investment in order to earn more silver, so that more silver can be invested in strengthening the army and the people, and Zhao Yan can be said to have tasted a lot of sweetness in business.

Earn silver through commerce, and then mobilize the huge national power of the Ming Dynasty. The Ming Dynasty itself has a good foundation and has huge manpower and material resources, as long as there is silver, it can call on these manpower and material resources.

If you travel to an environment like the Three Kingdoms, no matter how much business activities are carried out, there is no way to mobilize much manpower and material resources, after all, it is restricted by innate conditions.

The Ming Dynasty is a country that represents the interests of the landlord class, and it is undeniable that the landlords also played a huge role in the organization of production, and the Ming Dynasty was very extensive in the management of the people, which made the people develop rapidly. However, this kind of extensiveness also makes land annexation unregulated, and the ability to occupy other countries becomes extremely low.

For example, in Annam (Vietnam), after the Ming Dynasty conquered Annam, it withdrew due to extensive management and continuous civil revolt. If the management is strict, where will there be so many popular uprisings, even if the people are killed. Annam was the territory of China during the Tang Dynasty, but it was not held after the Ming Dynasty was defeated, which really makes people wonder how to say it.

The top leaders of each department gathered and began to discuss the budget for the money.

Next year's commercial investment will continue to expand, and the textile industry will continue to expand with last year's income of 2.3 million taels. In terms of sea trade, Daming kept 2 million taels on his side, and 2 million taels on his side for turnover. The 1.5 million taels of income from the aquaculture industry will continue to be retained to expand the scale of aquaculture.

This year's financial revenue is indeed unexpected, so in terms of shipbuilding, Zhao Yan plans to allocate 3 million taels, and next year will establish a large shipyard in Songjiang, and start construction of 50 1,000-ton clippers, and the rest of the silver taels will be used to recruit shipwrights and so on.

The rest of the financial resources that can be mobilized will reach 20 million taels, and in terms of military spending, there will be a budget of 8 million taels next year, and the second-line troops will have to spend 3 million taels of military spending, while the first-line troops will also need to spend more than 1 million taels, and the navy will allocate another 1 million taels of military spending. In addition, next year there will be a war with Jiannu, and the military expenditure will increase by 3 million taels.

"Shipbuilding and military spending are all necessary projects, and after deducting the project budget required for these projects, there are still 12 million taels left." Zhao Quan said: "We must improve transportation, we rely on business to make money, and the Ministry of Transportation is now very tight in transportation capacity." Zhao Quan said.

"Hmmm! There is a real need for improvement in this area. Zhao Yan nodded, as far as shipbuilding is concerned, it is also to enhance the transportation capacity so that more maritime trade can be carried out, but it is only to make money, and improve the transportation conditions, not only is it easier to carry out commerce on land, but also to facilitate military mobilization.

Zhao Quan spoke, and the leaders of other departments naturally had no opinions, Zhao Quan's status in this group can be described as transcendent, and most of the business operations are also Zhao Quan's hands.

After deliberations, it was decided to allocate 2 million taels to the Ministry of Transport for the repair of roads, as well as the purchase and construction of transport horses, vehicles, and river vessels.

In Tuntian, 2 million taels were allocated for training young people and building fortresses. Now the young and strong people in the tundi no longer train longbows, but turn to train muskets, the demand for muskets is very large, the demand for gunpowder is also huge, gunpowder is generally produced by each tun by its own soil method, plus a part of the export, it is enough.

As long as the fortresses are built in all parts of Denglai, Zhao Yan will be invincible, and if the enemy attacks Denglai, it is almost impossible to pull out these fortresses one by one.

With such a point in various departments, there are only 8 million taels left.

Song Wen, who was in charge of the Ministry of Education, stood up at this time and said: "My lord, we now have more than 600,000 children who are not able to go to school, and it is better to educate sooner rather than later. As long as education is universal, within five or six years, these children will be the pillars of our future. ”

"Are there enough teachers?" Zhao Yan asked.

"Teachers are sufficient, and last year, our Ministry of Education trained more than 2,000 teachers, and they are already competent in teaching students pinyin and mathematics." Song Wenyuan said, "We can first enroll boys in school, so that all teenagers between the ages of 10 and 15 can go to school, and next year we will step up the training of teachers, and within two years we will inevitably be able to enroll all male and female students, and within four years we can reduce the scope of education to six years old, and we can eradicate illiteracy among the people on a small scale." ”

"It's really better to educate sooner rather than later." Zhao Yan nodded, just in terms of the army, in the future, it will definitely develop towards the road of complicating the war, and a large number of cultural personnel are needed, "Let's talk about the budget of the Ministry of Education first!" ”

Education is a business that must be done well if we tighten our belts.

In later generations of Chinese education, the price of kindergarten was sky-high, and the tuition fee of last elementary school cost two or three hundred yuan a year, but it was slowly reduced.

And in the last junior high school, the tuition fee of four or five thousand a year is also required. Going to high school is even more fierce, one point less in the high school entrance examination is twenty or thirty thousand yuan, and those prestigious high schools, even if they are admitted, the annual tuition fee will be tens of thousands, if it is five or six points less, maybe you have to sponsor hundreds of thousands of schools to get in. Needless to say, going to college is even higher than going to high school.

How can such a greedy education develop? Just talking about primary schools, the principals of primary schools in developed areas in later generations can embezzle millions of dollars alone (Xiaocai knows a principal of a primary school in Longyan, who has bought a house for each of his three daughters, paid it back himself, and laundered money by opening a feed factory).

Education has become one of the three mountains, overwhelming people's breathlessness, and cases of not being able to go to school have been reported from time to time.

If Zhao Yan wants to develop the education industry, he will naturally not repeat the mistakes of the past and stage the kind of policies of later generations. First of all, it is necessary to make admission free of charge, secondly, to provide students with meals, and then to give a monthly subsidy of one penny.

Free school admission can reduce the burden on the people, and with subsidies, there will not be so many diehards who do not allow their children to go to school.

It is necessary to provide meals to the students so that they can get enough nutrients to build a strong foundation for their bodies.

The implementation of such an education policy, that is, to bear all the expenses by Zhao Yan's group, is unprofitable, and it also has to be subsidized.

This is true in the short term, but in the long term it can create unlimited benefits.

"There are 110,000 young people between the ages of 10 and 15 in Denglai, 30,000 in Yingzhou, and 40,000 in Handan, a total of 180,000 people, and each person needs 200,000 taels of silver a month a year. The cost of meals, three dollars per person per month, costs 600,000 taels. Teachers give two taels of silver per month, which requires 50,000 taels, and the construction of the school, desks and chairs, can be shared by each cantonment, plus books, paper and pens, etc., and another 50,000 taels can be adjusted. Song Wenyuan listed the data that had already been calculated, "It will take 900,000 taels." ”

"Is the food fee enough for three dollars a month?" Zhao Yan was a little worried, three coins of silver, can you eat enough? You must know that the departments below Zhao Yan are responsible for reading power accounting.

The so-called reading power accounting means that between various departments, to call the resources of other departments, you must spend money to buy, although it looks like you sell it to yourself, but in this way, the profit and loss status of each department is clear at a glance.

"Three dollars is definitely enough, we have more output in grain, and the price is twice as low as that in other places, so we can leave half a catty to buy meat supplies." Song Wenyuan said.

"Alright! Then allocate 1 million taels to the Ministry of Education, and the extra 100,000 taels will be allocated to expand the normal university, and then establish several middle schools and a Denglai University, and it is best to build the university before the autumn. Zhao Yan decided that the Yankees' Harvard University will be established next year, and since the university will be established next year, it will naturally not be compared to it in terms of time.

It was necessary to establish a university, and Zhao Yan also urgently needed to establish a high-level institution similar to the University of Cambridge in the United Kingdom.

Education is really a place to burn money, and it will cost nearly 1 million taels for only 180,000 people, and it is foreseeable that this area will be a big money-burning household in the future.

Next year, it is also planned to develop fisheries, and Denglai connects the Bohai Sea and the Yellow Sea, and the fishery resources are very rich, which is simply a big treasure trove that no one uses.

Every year, mackerel, hairtail, and small yellow croaker can form a huge fish flood, and there are also economic varieties such as sea cucumbers, scallops, sea urchins, and prawns.

Therefore, 500,000 taels will be allocated to build fishing boats, and the construction cost of fishing boats will be much smaller, and the cost of a larger fishing boat will only cost three or four taels, and the cost of an ordinary fishing boat will only be more than a dozen taels.

The shipbuilding industry in Denglai is restricted by wood, and although there is wood required for sea ships in Denglai, there is not too much, and it is mainly concentrated in the hilly areas of Dengzhou. The wood required for fishing boats is not so strict, and wood can be made everywhere.

Catch 10,000 tons of fish a year, according to the price of pork, a pound sold for 0.04 taels of silver, at least 800,000 taels of output value, but the price of seafood is generally higher than pork, 10,000 tons to create 1.5 million taels of silver output value is absolutely no problem.

In fact, in fact, the catch in the Bohai Sea alone reached 1.35 million tons at its peak after liberation, and then the factory discharged a large amount of pollution, and the fish in the Bohai Sea almost died.

However, the fishing capacity of this era is not strong, and it is almost impossible to catch 1.35 million tons a year, first of all, the fishing method is low, and then in the fishing range, most of them are offshore fishing, and there are not many natural fish.

(To be continued)