Chapter 120 Ammonia Synthesis
Yang Yue's pen wrote to the end, suddenly stopped, the last number jΓΉ was not given, raised his head and looked at Yang Yuanzhao with a smile, without saying a word, Yang Yuanzhao was a little flustered, but he didn't come out, almost like a year later, Yang Yue laughed, and then wrote: "The average output is between 242 catties and 278 catties!" β
"Great!" Yang Yuanzhao's heart is relieved, according to the G-level task, the average yield per mu needs to reach more than 200 catties, this problem has been solved, you know, even if the formula brought in is correct, many estimates, there will be a certain range, the lowest, should be a relatively large probability to be completed, that is to say, the yield of these cotton, will be more than 240 catties, the most important thing is that he uses scientific planting, is in the north where the sunshine is relatively long, therefore, the later growth will be above the United States, After bringing in the formula, the result will be slightly higher.
The first task indicator, it seems, is basically achieved, as long as the second indicator is going to be seen next, Yang Yuanzhao hurriedly urged: "Yang Yue, quickly calculate the cotton yield!" β
"Cotton rate, spare me, right?" Yang Yue was stunned for a moment, and then laughed: "Brother Yuanzhao, are you mistaken, the estimated output is just that, the cotton yield, there is no way for the time being!" β
"Why, aren't there all production benchmarks?"
"This is different, my benchmark is mainland cotton, here is planted with mainland cotton, but it is grown on the land of Baotou, and such advanced irrigation and chemical fertilizer are used, in terms of characteristics, it has some differences from ordinary mainland cotton, for example, cotton peach is larger, cotton wool is longer, water content and color, it is also quite good!"
A lot of advantages, that is, not to mention the final takeover, so that Yang Yuanzhao's heart is like a cat's claw, Yang Yue played enough Yang Yuanzhao, and finally told Yang Yuanzhao the answer, the ordinary cotton yield of mainland cotton should be between 22% and 28%, that is, four catties of cotton and a catty of lint, the current this, because the cotton wool is longer, the water content is lower, and the cotton peach is larger, whether it is the quality or the cotton yield, it should be slightly better than the mainland cotton, and it is likely to achieve an average cotton yield of more than 26%.
Of course, it is only estimated that more than 26%, Yang Yuanzhao's heart is slightly stable, above 25%, it should be able to hit the target, but it seems to be very dangerous, he asked tentatively: "Is it possible to increase the cotton yield!" β
"Yes, but this is meaningless, it will reduce the yield, and after a lot of effort, the final lint is still about the same!" Yang Yue said disappreciatively.
What seems meaningless to Yang Yue is very meaningful in Yang Yuanzhao's opinion, and he told him that he must ensure the cotton yield, even if he invests a little more, there is no problem, he will instruct Liu Shu to give more expenses and let him work hard to do this well.
Yang Yue is very curious, why Yang Yuanzhao would give such a strange choice, did not say much, plant research, from all aspects, from fertilizer, sunlight, photosynthesis, genetics, and even including specific optimization, for the optimization of cotton, has always been the focus, cotton yield and yield, directly related to the benefits of cotton planting, has always been the focus of research on cash crops, in the United States, there are also certain results, but unfortunately these results, is only a basic achievement. For example, spending a certain price will increase the cotton yield, but the total output will decrease.
Since Yang Yuanzhao doesn't care about these, Yang Yue simply did a full set, nothing more than the allocation of some fertilizer, fertilization at a specific time, consuming a slightly larger amount of manpower, in his opinion, this is after all a direction of cotton research, if this aspect of the breakthrough, for the future of large-scale planting of cotton, is also a good choice.
Yang Yuanzhao let go of most of his thoughts, this task may be completed, even if it takes two or three months, it is acceptable, let go of this task, another task of scientific and technological research and development, there is no way to complete it for the time being, the leader is there, but the senior researcher, it feels like a very advanced noun when it sounds, God knows Yang Yue's level, if he does not become a discipline leader, he can become this senior researcher.
Unfortunately, there is no reference but to wait for Harpy to return from Europe and the United States and bring back a group of agronomists or scientists.
Now the only thing worth considering, is the problem of three acids and two alkalis of heavy chemical plants, in Shanghai and Tianjin, respectively, got some information, respectively, two workshop-type hydrochloric acid and sulfuric acid plants, nitric acid does not, nitric acid is an important basis of the military industry, nitric acid, almost represents the output of explosives in this era, even in the concession area, there are not many nitric acid factories, but two alkalis, in Tianjin and Shanghai, respectively, there is a slightly larger factory, whether it meets the standard does not know, in general, it is operated by the machine, a little stronger than the workshop type.
It's a pity that he doesn't even know what kind of equipment he imported back, let alone making preparations, but there is one thing he can consider, that is, the nitric acid factory, which can be had.
Nitric acid, since the discovery of explosives, especially after the discovery of modern explosives, nitric acid has a role in many fields of the military industry, whether it is propellant, explosives, torpedoes, mines and the like, are inseparable from nitric acid, therefore, countries for the production of nitric acid, but also extremely strict, can produce it, but also to other countries embargo, this from Wuhan, Tianjin, Shanghai three major industrial cities, huge concessions, can not find a nitric acid factory, not even a workshop, which shows his strictness.
In fact, the synthesis of nitric acid in this era is basically derived from the refining of natural saltpeter, the whole world's saltpeter mines, is the key competition for resources, China's saltpeter production is extremely low, even if you want, I am afraid you can only use the help of artificial sales, this thing, not to mention the pollution, the output is not low, the management is very difficult, the supply of one or two hundred years ago is OK, for the super-large-scale modern war of 10,000 tons, or even 100,000 tons, millions of tons, it is almost a drop in the bucket.
Fortunately, there is no saltpeter mine in China, and the manufacturing process of nitric acid is not complete, but Yang Yuanzhao really knows a method of making nitric acid, in fact, this method is also closely related to World War I, during World War I, Germany challenged the whole of Europe, and the army occupied a considerable advantage, but on the navy, Britain still never set the empire, and the capital ships were twice as many as Germany, although with the help of infinite submarine warfare, Germany carried out a huge blow to British transportation, but the price was that none of Germany's warships could not go out of the North Sea, Not to mention ordinary merchant ships, Europe and the mainland, there are not enough saltpeter resources, so that the German militarism can not keep up.
Military industry and weapons, represents the ability to continue to fight, in order to avoid constraints, but also to avoid constraints, Germany noticed the invention of ammonia synthesis technology, with the help of Haber, from 1911 to 1913, a total of 1,000 tons of liquid ammonia, the 1,000 tons of liquid ammonia, in the First World War, became 3,500 tons**.
Yang Yuanzhao hit this idea, I have to say, Haber is a genius, the technology he invented to synthesize ammonia, the principle is very simple, that is, under the high pressure of 20-50 atmospheres, with a high temperature of 500 degrees, with iron as a catalyst, the direct synthesis of ammonia for hydrogen and nitrogen, I have to say, this is a pioneering initiative, the success rate is very high, the proportion of synthesis is about 10-15%.
Hydrogen and nitrogen are two kinds of raw materials that are relatively easy to obtain, nitrogen is directly in the atmosphere, with the help of high-pressure decomposition method, with a certain pressure, control oxygen, nitrogen, carbon dioxide and other main components of the air, will be under different atmospheric pressure conditions, gradually liquefied, can decompose relatively pure nitrogen and oxygen, as long as the two are separated, there is a little other gas left, it is not a problem, the biggest attention to synthetic ammonia, is to pay attention to the explosion after mixing oxygen, In this way, not only relatively pure nitrogen can be generated, but also a part of the by-product oxygen can be generated.
As for hydrogen, it is even easier, direct electrolysis of water, hydrogen and oxygen can be obtained, and the by-product is also oxygen. Oxygen, in many ways, has a strong role, oxygen is an oxidant, oxidation reaction, is based on oxygen, for example, oxygen can enhance the temperature of the blast furnace, will make the speed of steelmaking greatly accelerated, oxygen can be developed at the injection of oxygen welding and other more advanced welding methods, there is, oxygen can have a great role in medical treatment, oxygen inhalation in later generations has become an important means of treating diseases.
Ammonia is an important basic resource in the field of chemical industry, not only can be used as an important raw material for chemical fertilizers, but also the amount of synthetic ammonia in later generations directly represents the output of chemical fertilizers, not to mention the important role of ammonia in the synthesis of nitric acid, which is the only opportunity to break the foreign blockade.
At this time, to Germany, which is the most powerful in mechanical processing, purchased a batch of high-pressure closed containers, and brought back several engineers and scientists in the field of high-pressure chemical industry, it is a better choice.
In July, counting the days, Harpy set off in this two weeks, more than 100 students from Shanxi, plus students recruited in Shanghai and the southeast, a total of 250 people, have arrived in Shanghai, waiting for the last batch of goods and the last bit of things, once all completed, Harpy will set sail, from the East, back to Europe, to start a big purchase.
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