, moon day night. The strategic aviation unit of the US Air Force carried out the first round of bombing.

At Dugway's request. The U.S. Air Force dispatched strategic bombers of the Approx. Tanaka type. Because the lump is used to replace the "cheap bomber" of the long-aged Mouth and Fighter series. "Although the performance is better than that of the Republic Air Force, and it is much newer, it also does not have a strategic penetration capability, so like the Republic Air Force, the US bombers use high-pitched cruise missiles with a range of nearly four thousand meters.

The attack came very suddenly and violently.

In total, the New Carrier fired nearly old tweeter cruise missiles at hundreds of targets in northern Syria, with an average of one target per missile. In the face of modern air defense, the efficiency of such an attack is already excellent.

Facing high-value strategic objectives. The high-pitched cruise missile not only needs to break through the enemy's strategic defense system, but also needs to evade the theater air defense and anti-missile system, and before hitting the target, it must also break through the blockade of the terminal interception system. It is not an exaggeration to use "passing five levels and cutting six generals" to describe the defense penetration process of the high-pitched cruise missile. Because cruise missiles can use flexible ballistics to avoid the enemy's air defense system, or pass through the gaps in the air defense system, the faster degree can shorten the time the missile is exposed to the air defense system and improve the penetration rate. Therefore, in the process of penetrating the defense, the main enemy of the high-pitched cruise missile is not those long-range air defense systems, but the terminal interception system that guards the near target.

With the advent of energy weapons such as high-energy lasers and particle beam weapons, terminal interception systems have become the nemesis of almost all strike munitions. Not to mention the huge cruise missiles, even much smaller shells can be intercepted.

How to break through the last line of defense has become the key to improving the combat efficiency of cruise missiles.

In a sense will. The flight degree of the cruise missile has been increased from subtone to tone, and then to the treble above Mach 6, in order to increase the probability of the missile's penetration. If we are faced with the most typical representative of the machine-fired artillery and roll-over missiles, the "Ram" air defense missile jointly developed by the United States and Germany will be the terminal interception system of the end of the century and the beginning of the introduction of the century, not to mention the high sound, as long as it passes Mach 3, the probability of the missile's penetration will be astonishingly high. As a matter of fact, the Republic and the United States have spent huge sums of money on developing energy interception systems because the traditional terminal interception systems have become outdated and cannot deal with missiles that are getting faster and faster.

It can be seen from this that the high-pitched cruise missile and the energy interception system were born almost simultaneously.

When developing a high-pitched cruise missile, engineers first had to think about how to deal with the energy interception system. Because in the era of gravity, only high-energy lasers and other energy weapons really have the ability to deploy in actual combat. Including the launch of electromagnetic guns, they are in the theoretical research stage or engineering testing stage, so the first thing missile engineers have to deal with is the threat of high-energy lasers

Unlike high-energy lasers in the strategic defense system, high-energy lasers in the terminal interception system have their own characteristics.

In any case, there is certainly a big difference between intercepting a cruise that is about to kill and intercepting a ballistic missile that is hundreds or even thousands of kilometers away. Among other things, cruise missiles tend to "swarm attack", that is, several or even dozens of missiles attack the same target at the same time, which is the most common situation in naval warfare, so the high-energy laser used in the terminal interception system must have the ability to intercept multiple targets in a very short time. In addition to the need for more advanced fire systems, there are also requirements for the way high-energy lasers work, that is, the time to attack any target must be calculated in milliseconds, and it is impossible to continuously irradiate a target.

It can be seen that the high-energy lasers in the terminal interception system should be pulsed laser weapons.

To put it simply, it is to output enough energy to destroy the target in an instant.

Compared with the small because the combat distance is too far, the laser beam will attenuate in the process of transmission, so the lasers used in the strategic defense system are continuous waves, or continuous pulses, and they need to continue to irradiate the target for several seconds, or even many seconds, in order to burn through the shell of the target and destroy the target. The address of this site has been changed to: In addition to the coo, please log in to read!

In response to this situation. Missile engineers thought of a lot of things.

First of all, it is necessary to raise the ballistic altitude of the missile, let the missile fly at the top of the atmosphere or in the ionosphere, and attack in an "over-the-top" manner, so as to avoid prematurely entering the combat range of the terminal interception system. The second is to use the terminal booster rocket motor to increase the missile's dive attack degree from 6 to Mach 2o during cruising to more than Mach 2o, reaching the level of ballistic missiles, and shortening the time of exposure to the combat range of the terminal interception system to the greatest extent. The third is to use a pre-plastic explosive unit to detonate the projectile to create a false target when the warhead attacks the target, interfere with the observation and sighting equipment of the interception system, increase the reaction time of the interception system, and improve the penetration rate of the warhead. Finally, the use of ballistic thermal shields, that is, the outer surface of the warhead is coated with a layer of paint that will vaporize after being heated, with the huge heat generated after being attacked by energy weapons, to avoid the warhead from deviating from the original trajectory due to overheating and deformation.

In practice, these methods are often used together.

Someone might say. Why not let the warhead rotate, increasing the irradiation area of the energy weapon and, as a result, dispersing the heat generated when irradiating. Because the propagation of the laser is one irradiation pulse per second, the laser is led by a few milliseconds to tens of milliseconds. "Illuminating a missile with a pulsed laser is like shooting a pretle dancer with a pistol, and it doesn't make the slightest sense to turn fast in front of the bullet.

In fact, as early as the end of the force era. The Republic developed the first grenade with an output power of the thug witch millimeter, and it turned out that the spin motion of the artillery shell did not have much effect on the pulsed laser, as long as the output energy of the laser was large enough, it would definitely be able to burn the shell. The aerodynamic shape of the shell changes and the shell deviates from the target. According to theoretical calculations, it is necessary to deal with more than four megawatts, and output at least a kilogram of force within milliseconds. Pulse.

In the middle of the ugly era, the Republic and the United States manufactured lasers with an output power of gigawatts, and at the end of the ugly years, lasers with an output power of one gigawatt were also put into practical use.

According to the research and development plan formulated by the laser laboratory of the Physics Experimental Center of the Republic, it is sure that a laser with an output power of four gigawatts will be produced by the end of the year, and a laser with an output power of jin gigawatts will be developed by the end of the year, and the four gigawatt laser will have the ability to be deployed in actual combat.

According to the secret test done by the Physics Experiment Center, as long as the output power of the laser reaches the beater-type controllable fusion reactor. and a set of batteries capable of storing about the equivalent of old gigajoules of electricity.

In fact, even in the face of the large-scale deployment of Ligigawatt-class lasers, many missiles have become ornaments.

Among the previously mentioned slot missile penetration technologies, the most important are the latter two.

To separate the warhead from the projectile body during an attack, firstly, it can create a false target by detonating the projectile, and secondly, to reduce the volume of the warhead. It is avoided that the projectile body will be burned and deformed by being hit by a laser, which will affect the flight trajectory of the warhead. The problem is that in order to speed up penetration, a last-stage booster rocket motor is often installed on the warhead. And with the increasing requirements for penetration, the rocket motive that was originally only used to adjust the trajectory has become bigger and bigger. For example, in the feather-type cruise missile, which was successfully developed in the year of the force, the mass of the booster motor only accounts for the mass of the warhead. In the Feishi cruise missile successfully developed in Tian Nian, this proportion has reached Yao, and it is expected that the next generation of missiles will be increased to 6 feeds. In order to ensure the attack power of the missile, the payload of the warhead cannot be lowered anywhere. As a result, it is only possible to increase the overall mass of the warhead, thereby increasing the mass of the cruise missile. The cost of increasing the point is still a secondary issue, as the warhead increases, the penetration efficiency will naturally decrease sharply!

It is clear that there is no longer much point in continuing to increase the flight of missiles.

If you want to break through the last line of defense consisting of high-energy lasers, you can only make a fuss about passive protection. To put it bluntly, it is to apply a good enough layer of paint to the warhead. In fact, there is no mystery about this paint, it is the thermal insulation paint used on re-entry satellites, spacecraft and space shuttles. To be precise, the paint is vaporized by heat to take away the heat, rather than to keep it out. Feathers began, and almost all of them adopted high-throw ballistics. Such paint is used on cruise missiles that launch and attack in a vertical dive.

Of course, no matter how good the paint is, it also has a limit.

To put it simply, as the output energy of the laser rises, and there are multiple pulses when attacking, it is necessary to apply a thick enough paint in order to completely cancel out the energy brought by the laser. In fact. The warhead of the missile is very limited, and the thickness of the paint is also very limited. The energy of the laser increases by more than one degree per year, and the thickness of the missile paint cannot be increased by this degree.

As a last resort, missile engineers had no choice but to look for a better solution. The address of this site has been changed to: Eliminate the heart, delete please log in to read!

Theoretically, "ionizing scattering interference" is the most promising. The interference method is not complicated, just like the "electromagnetic interference system", by releasing some ionized materials to change the refractive index and scattering index of the surrounding air, so that the laser beam is refracted or scattered before hitting the target, so as to disperse the energy of the laser beam. Of course, this is not easy, after all, ionizing matter requires a lot of energy, and there is not much stuffed in a small warhead.

Of course, there is a simpler solution, which is to use a "sharp shape"

To put it more bluntly, the warhead of the missile is designed to be long and sharp, like an enlarged steel needle. While this greatly reduces the payload of the warhead and makes it more difficult to design the missile, it has the unique advantage of fighting high-energy lasers, that is, it is difficult for the laser beam to directly attack a point. For example, when the laser beam irradiates the warhead, in addition to the tip of the warhead, the laser on the side surface of the warhead is like the sunshine in winter

In fact, this warhead was used by the Witch.

At the beginning of the war, most of the long-range cruise missiles used by the Erzhi group were Zhen except for the part that was carried and vomited

The United States is not far behind. In the new year, large-scale procurement of high-pitched cruise missiles began.

This is a cruise missile that is very similar to the "witch." Due to the use of a large aspect ratio of the warhead, so the warhead runs through the entire projectile, three rockets with a conformal design, stamping integrated motor "bundled" outside the warhead. After launching, the missile is first propelled by a rocket booster motor in the tail section and added to Mach 2. Then the ramjet began to work, increasing the flight degree of the missile to about the size of the hitter, and increasing the flight altitude to the magic kilometer. If the attack distance is 4,000 kilometers away. The missile will adopt a "wave-riding trajectory," that is, it will use the tension of the atmosphere to fly in a wave-shaped trajectory at the top of the atmosphere like a splash in water. If the attack range is within four thousand meters, the missile will always fly in the ionosphere so as not to be detected prematurely by the enemy's detection system. Before the missile target is over, the motivation of the missile is changed to rocket operation, that is, the use of the oxidizer carried to improve the combustion efficiency. The flight degree of the missile is increased from Mach O to Mach Li, and the trajectory of the missile is changed by attitude control of the rocket motive, so that the missile enters the dive attack phase. After re-entering the stratosphere, the three engines of the missile separated from the warhead. Because at this catty, the motive is the same as the degree of the warhead, so the three motives play the role of decoy bombs. Once in the troposphere, the self-destruct device on the three motives is activated, blowing it to pieces and providing cover for the warheads that have already rushed to the front. Because the warhead adopts a large aspect ratio, the maximum flight at the end of the sprint will be close to that of the blade Mach, flying the old kilometer. Only a ground interception system is needed, and there are generally only 4 to 6 groups of high-energy lasers, so at most 4 to 6 cruise missiles can be intercepted at the same time, that is, if you attack a target with a mouth-to-mouth missile, at least 3 missiles can be guaranteed to hit

Sign.

In fact, high-energy lasers are used against such missiles as Witch and Youyi. There is little to no effect.

Energy weapons experts in the Republic and the United States have long recognized this problem, so they have stepped up research on particle beam weapons and electric contact cannons when high-energy lasers have just entered their heyday. Anyway. The combat medium of laser weapons is photons without mass, which can only be transmitted by means of energy. Destroying the internal structure of the target without causing direct damage to the target, the interception effect is naturally not much better. In order to improve the interception effect, it is necessary to use a quality medium. The medium of particle beam weapons is particles with mass, including electromagnetism, neutrons, protons, atomic nuclei, molecules, and so on. And the ring of the electromagnetic cannon is a macroscopic substance.

As early as the beginning of the blade era, the Republic and the United States began to develop particle beam weapons.

Of course, judging by the reality of the situation, the prospects for the application of firing electromagnetic guns are more optimistic. According to the theory of the Physics Experiment Center of the Republic, as long as sufficient progress can be made in the field of spiral electric contact guns, it is possible to develop electromagnetic guns with muzzle exceeding the force of kilometers per second, and the ultimate muzzle degree of the orbital electric contact gun is old kilometers per second, but in reality it can only reach a maximum of 8 kilometers per second. Because key equipment such as energy storage equipment and pulse arrester have been solved in the development of high-energy lasers, and the shells of the spiral electromagnetic cannon do not contact with the barrel, they will not rub and generate heat, so there is no need to consider the heat generated by excessive shooting. Therefore, the firing of the electromagnetic cannon can exceed four per minute. If destroying a target requires at least a barrage of old shells, then it only takes five milliseconds to fire, and a four-gigawatt laser fires about milliseconds. According to the conclusion of computer simulation analysis, if the gun ratio of the electromagnetic gun can be increased to more than one kilometer per second, and the firing can be increased to more than four per minute, the interception efficiency of the radio bumper gun will be too high-energy laser and particle beam weapon to become the final interception system.

In any case, the struggle between missiles and interceptor systems is a competition of degrees.

Whoever is faster has a better chance of winning.

Of course, in real combat application, no commander takes these technical issues into account.

For any commander, it is only necessary to consider how many missiles it will cost to destroy a target, and how many targets will need to be destroyed to achieve the objectives of the campaign, and which targets.

Because Dudgway had been prepared for a long time, the US Air Force did not waste expensive cruise guides.

In this sudden attack, the defending side had no chance to fight back, after all, no surface air defense system could effectively deal with strategic bombers about four thousand meters away. Because the blow came so suddenly, the defending side didn't even have time to react.

For Pei Chengyi. This may be regarded as the biggest pound after the war. "Accidental" it.